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European Journal of Medical Research Jun 2024The COVID-19 pandemic affected the self-management and care of people living with HIV, requiring adaptations in the way health services are provided. However, it is... (Review)
Review
Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the HIV care continuum and related factors in economically disadvantaged nations: an integrated analysis using mixed-methods systematic review.
BACKGROUND
The COVID-19 pandemic affected the self-management and care of people living with HIV, requiring adaptations in the way health services are provided. However, it is unclear how these changes impacted HIV care in low-income countries.
METHODS
A systematic review including the current evidence related to changes in HIV care continuum during COVID-19 was conducted through a systematic search in the online databases including CINAHL, OVID-Medline, CAB Direct, and OVID-Embase. A two-step screening process was carried out to include eligible papers and reports according to inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
From the searches we identified 21 total studies published between 2021 and 2024, the studies revealed mostly negative impacts on all stages of the HIV care continuum in low-income countries. There were impacts related to the blocking measures due to COVID-19, fear of contracting the disease, difficulties in providing resources such as income, food and transports, reductions in the provision of care from prevention to viral suppression.
CONCLUSION
Overall, researchers identified several negative impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on HIV care continuum during pandemic; however, some observations indicated indirect positive impacts on some aspects of HIV care. Decline in HIV care practices during pandemic compared to before pandemic were observed including using preventative methods, counseling and testing, receiving HIV healthcare services, HIV medical appointments, antiretroviral adherence, engagement with treatment, and poor viral suppression. However, in some evidence improvement in ART adherence and PrEP use were observed.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; HIV Infections; Continuity of Patient Care; Developing Countries; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 38926792
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01917-1 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024This systematic review and meta-analysis addresses the effects of minimally invasive surgical techniques, specifically the Reverdin Isham osteotomy, on functional and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis addresses the effects of minimally invasive surgical techniques, specifically the Reverdin Isham osteotomy, on functional and radiological outcomes in patients with moderate Hallux Valgus, a common foot deformity. The review included randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, as well as case reports, assessing the osteotomy in adults with moderate to severe Hallux Valgus. Searches were conducted in electronic databases such as MEDLINE and Web of Science up until July 2023, and the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Meta-analytical analyses employed a random-effects model with small-sample correction, presenting results as standardized mean differences and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Seven studies involving 554 patients and 643 operated feet were included, showing significant improvements in AOFAS scores (an average improvement of 36 points from 28.61 to 45.16) and reductions in radiological angles such as the distal metatarsal angle and hallux valgus angle post-surgery (IMA improved by - 3.07° from - 4.68 to - 1.46, DMAA by - 6.12° from - 9.52 to - 2.71, and HVangle by - 15.27° from - 17.98 to - 12.57). Despite these positive outcomes, most studies exhibited risks of bias and other methodological limitations, impacting the generalizability of the results. Overall, the findings highlight the efficacy of the Reverdin Isham osteotomy in improving both functional and radiological parameters in patients with moderate Hallux Valgus, although further research is warranted to solidify these results. No specific funding was received for this study, and the protocol was registered on PROSPERO with the number CRD-42023445886.
Topics: Hallux Valgus; Osteotomy; Humans; Treatment Outcome; Radiography; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 38926591
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65440-3 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine Jun 2024To conduct a meta-analytic review of psychosocial predictors of doping intention, doping use and inadvertent doping in sport and exercise settings.
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a meta-analytic review of psychosocial predictors of doping intention, doping use and inadvertent doping in sport and exercise settings.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
Scopus, Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL Plus, ProQuest Dissertations/Theses and Open Grey.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Studies (of any design) that measured the outcome variables of doping intention, doping use and/or inadvertent doping at least one psychosocial determinant of those three variables.
RESULTS
We included studies from 25 experiments (N=13 586) and 186 observational samples (N=3 09 130). Experimental groups reported lower doping intentions (=-0.21, 95% CI (-0.31 to -0.12)) and doping use (=-0.08, 95% CI (-0.14 to -0.03), but not inadvertent doping (=-0.70, 95% CI (-1.95 to 0.55)), relative to comparators. For observational studies, protective factors were inversely associated with doping intentions (=-0.28, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.24), doping use (=-0.09, 95% CI -0.13 to to -0.05) and inadvertent doping (=-0.19, 95% CI -0.32 to -0.06). Risk factors were positively associated with doping intentions (=0.29, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.32) and use (=0.17, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.19), but not inadvertent doping (=0.08, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.22). Risk factors for both doping intentions and use included prodoping norms and attitudes, supplement use, body dissatisfaction and ill-being. Protective factors for both doping intentions and use included self-efficacy and positive morality.
CONCLUSION
This study identified several protective and risk factors for doping intention and use that may be viable intervention targets for antidoping programmes. Protective factors were negatively associated with inadvertent doping; however, the empirical volume is limited to draw firm conclusions.
PubMed: 38925889
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107910 -
Expert Review of Vaccines 2024The global measles incidence has decreased from 145 to 49 cases per 1 million population from 2000 to 2018, but evaluating the economic benefits of a second...
INTRODUCTION
The global measles incidence has decreased from 145 to 49 cases per 1 million population from 2000 to 2018, but evaluating the economic benefits of a second measles-containing vaccine (MCV2) is crucial. This study reviewed the evidence and quality of economic evaluation studies to guide MCV2 introduction.
METHODS
The systematic review of model-based economic evaluation studies was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search yielded 2231 articles, with 876 duplicates removed and 1355 articles screened, with nine studies included for final analysis.
RESULTS
Six studies reported a positive benefit-cost ratio with one resulting in net savings of $11.6 billion, and two studies estimated a 2-dose MMR vaccination program would save $119.24 to prevent one measles case, and a second dose could prevent 9,200 cases at 18 months, saving $548.19 per case. The most sensitive variables were the discount rate and vaccination administration cost.
CONCLUSIONS
Two MCV doses or a second opportunity with an additional dose of MCV were highly cost-beneficial and resulted in substantial cost savings compared to a single routine vaccine. But further research using high-quality model-based health economic evaluation studies of MCV2 should be made available to decision-makers.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION
CRD42020200669.
Topics: Humans; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Immunization Programs; Immunization, Secondary; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Vaccination
PubMed: 38924461
DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2367451 -
Neuropsychopharmacology Reports Jun 2024Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3-PUFA) are essential to normal neural development and function.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3-PUFA) are essential to normal neural development and function. Souvenaid®, a medical supplement that contains n-3-PUFA's: eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has emerged as an alternative, slowing cognitive decline in AD patients. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with n-3-PUFA, EPA, DHA, and Souvenaid® in AD patients.
AIM
This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to establish the relationship between n-3-PUFA, EPA, DHA, and Souvenaid® with cognitive effects, ventricular volume and adverse events in AD patients.
METHODS
A systematic search of randomized control trials (RCT), cohorts, and case-control studies was done in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase for AD adult patients with dietary supplementation with n-3-PUFA, EPA, DHA, or Souvenaid® between 2003 and 2024.
RESULTS
We identified 14 studies with 2766 subjects aligned with our criteria. Most publications described positive cognitive outcomes from supplements (58%). The most common adverse events reported were gastrointestinal symptoms. CDR scale showed reduced progression of cognitive decline (SMD = -0.4127, 95% CI: [-0.5926; -0.2327]), without subgroup differences between different dietary supplement interventions. ADCS-ADL, MMSE, ADAS-cog, adverse events, and ventricular volume did not demonstrate significant differences. However, Souvenaid® showed a significant negative effect (SMD = -0.3593, 95% CI: -0.5834 to -0.1352) in ventricular volumes.
CONCLUSIONS
The CDR scale showed reduced progression of cognitive decline among patients with n-3-PUFA supplemental interventions, with no differences between different n-3-PUFA supplements.
PubMed: 38924283
DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12455 -
PloS One 2024Vitamins D, E, A, B, C, and Omega-3 play crucial roles in modulating inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, both implicated in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)...
BACKGROUND
Vitamins D, E, A, B, C, and Omega-3 play crucial roles in modulating inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, both implicated in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. Recent research has explored the potential impact of dietary supplements on AAA progression. The systematic review aims to assess interventional studies investigating the effects of various dietary supplements on the development and severity of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
METHOD
A systematic search using relevant keywords related to abdominal aortic aneurysm and dietary supplements was conducted across four databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science). Quality assessment for animal studies employed SYRCLE and the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool for randomized control trials. The study protocol is registered in PROSPERO under the registry code CRD42023455958.
RESULTS
Supplementation with Omega-3, Vitamins A, C, D, E, and the Vitamin B family exhibited positive effects in AAA progression. These supplements contributed to a reduction in AAA diameter, elastin degradation, inflammatory responses, and reactive oxygen species. Additional supplements such as Zinc, methionine, and phytoestrogen also played roles in mitigating AAA progression.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study underscore the potential role of dietary supplements in the progression of AAA. Predominantly based on animal studies, the results indicate that these supplements can limit AAA progression, primarily evidenced by their ability to mitigate inflammatory processes and oxidative stress pathways.
Topics: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Disease Progression; Animals; Vitamins; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 38923975
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305265 -
Cadernos de Saude Publica 2024Vaccines are often undervalued or underused for a variety of reasons, and vaccine hesitancy is a global challenge that threatens vaccine acceptance and the goals of... (Review)
Review
Vaccines are often undervalued or underused for a variety of reasons, and vaccine hesitancy is a global challenge that threatens vaccine acceptance and the goals of immunization programs. This review aimed to describe the barriers and facilitators to vaccination in Latin America. The study design was a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies reporting on the knowledge or attitudes of adults, parents of children at vaccination age, adolescents and health professionals towards vaccination in Latin America. The databases searched were PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO, and CINAHL. A total of 56 studies were included. Facilitators included vaccination being recognized as an effective strategy for preventing infectious diseases and as a requirement for access to social assistance programs, schooling or employment. Recommendations from health professionals and positive experiences with health services were also identified as facilitators. The main barriers were lack of information or counseling, structural problems such as shortages of vaccines and limited hours of operation, the inability to afford over-the-counter vaccines or transportation to health facilities, certain religious beliefs, misconceptions and safety concerns. Qualitative research can contribute to understanding perceptions and decision-making about vaccination and to designing policies and interventions to increase coverage.
Topics: Humans; Latin America; Qualitative Research; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Vaccination; Vaccination Hesitancy; Health Services Accessibility; Immunization Programs; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Adolescent; Adult; Health Personnel
PubMed: 38922226
DOI: 10.1590/0102-311XEN165023 -
Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 2024The coinfection between malaria (ML) and arboviral diseases represents a major global public health problem, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries. Despite...
The coinfection between malaria (ML) and arboviral diseases represents a major global public health problem, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries. Despite its relevance, this topic is still insufficiently discussed in the current literature. Here, we aimed to investigate the worldwide distribution, symptoms, and diagnosis during coinfection between ML and arboviral diseases. We conducted a systematic review following the Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement and assessed the selection and eligibility criteria, created and diagrammed maps, and analysed major symptoms with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using prevalence ratio and effect size, also performing latent class analysis. A total of 85,485 studies were retrieved, of which 56 were included: 57.14% in Asia, 25% in Africa, 14.30% in South America, and 3.56% in Europe. A total of 746 individuals were reported to be coinfected with Plasmodium and arbovirus. Concurrent ML, Dengue (DEN), Chikungunya (CHIK), and Zika (ZIK) patients are more likely to present headache and skin rash. Regarding diagnosis, 58,253 were made, of which 38,176 were positive (ML and at least one arboviral disease). The magnitude of these pathogens' coexistence points out the pressing need for improvements in public health policies towards diagnosis and prevention of both diseases, especially in endemic areas.
Topics: Humans; Coinfection; Malaria; Arbovirus Infections; Global Health; Prevalence
PubMed: 38922217
DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760240015 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024We aimed to analyze and summarize the available scientific evidence on the benefits of Nordic walking for people with chronic pain and fatigue. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to analyze and summarize the available scientific evidence on the benefits of Nordic walking for people with chronic pain and fatigue.
LITERATURE SURVEY
This systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and conducted a comprehensive search across five databases using the PICO strategy.
METHODOLOGY
Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized trials evaluating Nordic walking for pain and fatigue. Two authors independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality using the PEDro scale.
SYNTHESIS
A total of 14 studies were included, with sample sizes ranging from 20 to 136 participants. The methodological quality of the included studies varied from fair (five studies) to good (nine studies). The interventions consisted of supervised Nordic walking sessions lasting 6 to 24 weeks, with a frequency of 2 to 4 days per week and duration of 25 to 75 min. The results of this review suggest that Nordic walking had beneficial effects in six of the eight studies that analyzed participant fatigue. However, Nordic walking did not show greater beneficial effects on fatigue than walking (two studies) or than not performing physical activity (one study). Additionally, six of the nine studies that examined the effects of Nordic walking on participants' perceptions of pain showed beneficial results. However, five studies that compared Nordic walking with control groups did not find any significant inter-group differences on pain.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on our findings, Nordic walking exercise programs provide a potentially efficient method for alleviating pain and fatigue in people with chronic conditions. Its straightforwardness and ease of learning make it accessible to a broad spectrum of participants, which can result in higher adherence rates and lasting positive effects.
PubMed: 38921282
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12121167 -
European Journal of Investigation in... May 2024The prevalence of diagnosed cases of autism has increased rapidly, which has raised interest in studying the variables related to the well-being of these families. The... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of diagnosed cases of autism has increased rapidly, which has raised interest in studying the variables related to the well-being of these families. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent literature on other variables related to family well-being, such as parenting styles. We conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA check list and bias assessment with the aim of analyzing if the concepts of autism, well-being and parenting style are related. We screened 755 references from relevant databases like Scopus, Pubmed, PscyInfo EBSCO, Web of Science and Dialnet, updated on May 2024. Sixteen full text articles and abstracts were read. It was identified that the authoritative parenting style, as well as those based on warmth, establishing relationships and emotional bonding, and low expressed emotion were positively related to family well-being. On the other hand, authoritarian, permissive and overprotective styles, as well as critical, punishing and training-based, were negatively associated with well-being and quality of family life.
PubMed: 38921067
DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14060101