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Kidney & Blood Pressure Research Jun 2024Background Kidney transplantation constitutes the most effective therapeutic option for patients suffering from end-stage renal disease but remains burdened by a high... (Review)
Review
Background Kidney transplantation constitutes the most effective therapeutic option for patients suffering from end-stage renal disease but remains burdened by a high incidence of cardiovascular disease. To date, exercise is an important preventive strategy that has been underestimated; in kidney transplant patients exercise programs leads to an improvement in cardiorespiratory performance, muscle strength, arterial stiffness and patients' quality of life perception. Summary The nephrology and transplant community have moved from generic suggestions to specific indications regarding Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type, Volume, and Progression of physical exercise both in the pre- and post-transplant phase. The latest guidelines from the World Health Organization for patients with chronic conditions propose a combination of aerobic, muscle strengthening and multicomponent exercises (e.g. balance) to improve health. Based on recent evidence, a combined exercise program (aerobic and strength exercise) is largely proposed to kidney transplant recipients. Aerobic exercise should be performed at an intensity >60% of theoretical maximum heart rate or maximum oxygen uptake possibly every day, strength training should be performed at a >60% the estimate single Maximum Repetition, at least 2 times per week. Key Messages Physical exercise should be personalized in relation to the patient's baseline performance; increases must be progressive and gradual. Regular physical activity should also be recommended to patients awaiting for a transplant. Eventually, an organizational models based on a network of Nephrology Units, Transplant Centers, Sports Medicine Centers and fitness center or outdoor gym are essential elements for overcoming the logistical barriers for prescribing and carrying out regular physical activity.
PubMed: 38934158
DOI: 10.1159/000539996 -
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2024Amid the backdrop of global aging, the increasing prevalence of cognitive decline among the elderly, particularly within the female demographic, represents a...
BACKGROUND
Amid the backdrop of global aging, the increasing prevalence of cognitive decline among the elderly, particularly within the female demographic, represents a considerable public health concern. Physical activity (PA) is recognized as an effective non-pharmacological intervention for mitigating cognitive decline in older adults. However, the relationship between different PA patterns and cognitive function (CF) in elderly women remains unclear.
METHODS
This study utilized data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 to investigate the relationships between PA, PA patterns [inactive, Weekend Warrior (WW), and Regular Exercise (RE)], and PA intensity with CF in elderly women. Multivariate regression analysis served as the primary analytical method.
RESULTS
There was a significant positive correlation between PA and CF among elderly women (β-PA: 0.003, 95% CI: 0.000-0.006, = 0.03143). Additionally, WW and RE activity patterns were associated with markedly better cognitive performance compared to the inactive group (β-WW: 0.451, 95% CI: 0.216-0.685, = 0.00017; β-RE: 0.153, 95% CI: 0.085-0.221, = 0.00001). Furthermore, our results indicate a progressive increase in CF with increasing PA intensity (β-MPA- dominated: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.02-0.09, = 0.0208; β-VPA-dominated: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.09-0.34, = 0.0011; β-Total VPA: 0.31, 95% CI: -0.01-0.63, = 0.0566).
CONCLUSION
Our study confirms a positive association between PA and CF in elderly women, with even intermittent but intensive PA models like WW being correlated with improved CF. These findings underscore the significant role that varying intensities and patterns of PA play in promoting cognitive health among older age groups, highlighting the need for adaptable PA strategies in public health initiatives targeting this population.
PubMed: 38934018
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1407423 -
Heliyon Jun 2024Cryostimulation involves using water environments and low temperatures as intervention mediums, with main methods including CWI (cold water immersion), CWT (contrast...
A evidence-based approach to selecting post-exercise cryostimulation techniques for improving exercise performance and fatigue recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
RATIONALE
Cryostimulation involves using water environments and low temperatures as intervention mediums, with main methods including CWI (cold water immersion), CWT (contrast water therapy), and WBC (whole-body cryostimulation). Previous systematic reviews focused on the effect of cryostimulation on muscle fatigue and sports performance. However, studies on the selection of different cryostimulation methods and their intervention effects present inconsistent results.
INTRODUCTION
To systematically review and methodologically appraise the quality and effectiveness of existing intervention studies that the effects of various cryostimulation methods, including CWI, CWT, and WBC, on exercise performance and fatigue recovery.
METHODS
Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted searches in PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases to gather randomized controlled trials or self-controlled trials involving CWI/CWT/WBC and their effects on exercise performance or fatigue recovery. The search period ranged from November 2013 to November 2, 2023. Literature screening was performed using EndNote X9.1, and the quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software.
RESULTS
This study included a total of 18 articles, included a total of 499 healthy participants, comprising 479 males and 20 females. Among them, participants underwent cryostimulation, including 102 using CWT, using CWI, and 58 using WBC. Compared to the control group, cryostimulation can significantly alleviate muscle pain intensity (SMD -0.45, 95% CL -0.82 to 0.09, P = 0.01). Specifically, CWI significantly reduced muscle pain intensity (SMD = -0.45, 95% CI: 0.820.09, P = 0.01), WBC significantly decreased C-reactive protein levels (SMD = -1.36, 95% CI: 2.350.36, P = 0.008). While, CWT showed no significant differences from the control group in exercise performance and fatigue recovery indicators (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Cryostimulation can significantly reduce muscle pain intensity and perceived fatigue. Specifically, CWI significantly alleviates muscle pain intensity, WBC significantly lowers markers of inflammation caused by fatigue after exercise, in contrast, CWT does not significantly improve exercise performance and fatigue recovery. After exercise, compared with rest, using cryostimulation may have more noticeable benefits for muscle fatigue and muscle pain, with recommendations prioritizing WBC and CWI particularly for addressing inflammation and muscle pain. However, all cryostimulation may have no significant influence on exercise performance.
PubMed: 38933969
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32196 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024Intermittent fasting (IF) and exercise training (Exe) have been evaluated in several studies for improving cardiometabolic biomarkers related to weight loss. However,...
Effects of intermittent fasting combined with exercise on serum leptin and adiponectin in adults with or without obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
CONTEXT
Intermittent fasting (IF) and exercise training (Exe) have been evaluated in several studies for improving cardiometabolic biomarkers related to weight loss. However, further investigation is required to understand the potential effects on leptin and adiponectin concentrations. IF protocols have been shown to be efficient in improving adipokines, but further research is required to determine whether or not IF regimens combined with Exe are superior to Exe alone.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine whether or not interventions combining IF plus Exe are more effective than Exe only for improving serum leptin and adiponectin in adults with and without obesity.
DATA EXTRACTION
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to August 2023 for randomized clinical trials that determined the effects of IF plus Exe vs. Exe alone (control) on body weight, serum leptin, and serum adiponectin. Analyses were conducted for IF plus Exe vs. Exe alone to calculate weighted mean differences (WMD) and standardized mean differences (SMD).
ANALYSIS
The current meta-analysis included 6 studies with a total sample of 153 participants, with intervention durations ranging from three days to 52 weeks. IF plus Exe elicited significantly larger decreases in leptin levels [SMD = -0.47, = 0.03], which were accompanied by weight loss [WMD = -1.25 kg, = 0.05], as compared with exercise-only interventions, but adiponectin did not differ between the two [SMD = 0.02, = 0.9].
CONCLUSION
IF combined with Exe reduced leptin significantly, but did not change adiponectin levels, when compared to exercise only. Perhaps these reductions in leptin levels may have been associated with weight loss; however, due to the small number of included studies and the high heterogeneity in the weight loss outcomes, this result is uncertain.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023460735.
PubMed: 38933888
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1362731 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Tryptophan's (Trp) metabolites are undervalued markers of human health. Their serum concentrations are modified by physical exercise and other factors, among which...
INTRODUCTION
Tryptophan's (Trp) metabolites are undervalued markers of human health. Their serum concentrations are modified by physical exercise and other factors, among which fasting has a well-documented role. Although this mechanism is hardly explored, thus, the study aimed to determine the effect of the 8-day fasting period and the impact of such a procedure on a single bout of an endurance exercise on the concentration of kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites.
METHODS
10 participants fasted for 8 days, and 10 as a control group participated in the study. The exercise was performed at baseline after an overnight fast and repeated post 8 days.
RESULTS
The 8 days of fasting increased the resting 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine (3HK), picolinic acid (PA), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and xanthurenic acid (XA) serum concentration. Also elevated phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (Tyr) levels were recorded, suggesting expanded proteolysis of muscle proteins. In turn, physical activity caused a decrease in the concentration of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA) and PA after fasting. The obtained results were not recorded in controls.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study show that the health-promoting effects of fasting are associated with changes in the KYN pathway. The increase in the concentration of PA and XA metabolites following fasting is capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier, and KYNA, which initiates several beneficial changes, supports this assumption.
Topics: Humans; Male; Fasting; Kynurenine; Exercise; Adult; Young Adult; Rest; Healthy Volunteers; Kynurenic Acid; Tryptophan; Biomarkers; Picolinic Acids
PubMed: 38933822
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1403491 -
Sports Medicine International Open 2024In this narrative review, we summarize the direct and indirect effects that myokines have on the tumor microenvironment. We took studies of various cancer types and... (Review)
Review
In this narrative review, we summarize the direct and indirect effects that myokines have on the tumor microenvironment. We took studies of various cancer types and species into account. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses that matched the search terms were also considered. We searched databases for six months. As a narrative approach was chosen, no data was analyzed or reanalyzed. The goal of this narrative review is to create an overview on the topic to identify research gaps and answer the questions as to whether myokine expression may be relevant in cancer research in regard to the tumor microenvironment. Six commonly known myokines were chosen. We found strong links between the influence exercise has on interleukin-6, oncostatin M, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, and irisin in the context of tumor progression and inhibition via interactions with the tumor microenvironment. It became clear that the effects of myokines on the tumor microenvironment can vary and contribute to disease progression or regression. Interactions among myokines and immune cells must also be considered and require further investigation. To date, no study has shown a clear connection, while multiple studies suggest further investigation of the topic, similar to the effects of exercise on myokine expression.
PubMed: 38933599
DOI: 10.1055/a-2283-1663 -
BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2024No study has evaluated the effects of dry needling on Paralympic athletes. Therefore, in this study, we will evaluate the effect of dry needling on lower limb spasticity...
No study has evaluated the effects of dry needling on Paralympic athletes. Therefore, in this study, we will evaluate the effect of dry needling on lower limb spasticity and motor performance, as well as the range of motion of Paralympic athletes. The study will be a triple-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Twenty-four athletes aged 18-45 in T35-T38 groups of the International Paralympic Committee classification will be included in the study. Twelve participants will receive dry needling of the quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles, and 12 will receive placebo treatment with sham needles at similar points. We will assess the spasticity of the quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles using the Modified Ashworth Scale, evaluate motor function using the Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity Scale and measure ankle range of motion (ROM) with a goniometer. Considering our hypothesis, the athletes who will undergo the dry needling are supposed to achieve better improvements in spasticity, ROM and motor performance. This study can provide useful information to help better decide on managing complications in Paralympics and its long-term outcomes, to cover the current lack in the literature.
PubMed: 38933371
DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002096 -
BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2024Implementation of injury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs) in sports is challenging, and behaviour change among players and coaches is essential for success. The...
Players are positive regarding injury prevention exercise programmes, but coaches need ongoing support: a survey-based evaluation using the Health Action Process Approach model across one season in amateur and youth football.
OBJECTIVES
Implementation of injury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs) in sports is challenging, and behaviour change among players and coaches is essential for success. The aim was to describe players' and coaches' motivation and coaches' goal pursuit when using IPEPs in amateur and youth football across a season. A secondary aim was to describe players' motivation to engage in IPEP use in relation to presence or absence of injury.
METHODS
The study was based on questionnaires to amateur and youth, male and female football players and coaches at baseline, mid-season and post-season in a three-armed randomised trial in 2020 in Sweden. Questionnaires were based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model with questions about the motivational phase when intention for change is created (players and coaches) and a goal-pursuit phase when intention is translated into action (coaches).
RESULTS
In total, 455 players (126 male), mean age 20.1 years (SD±5.8, range 14-46) and 59 (52 male) coaches took part. Players generally gave positive answers in the HAPA motivational phase (Likert 6-7 on a 1-7 Likert scale). Differences in ratings between injured and uninjured players were minor. Coaches had positive or neutral ratings (Likert 4-6) in the motivational and goal-pursuit phases. Ratings deteriorated across the season, with less positive responses from 40% of players and 38-46% of coaches post-season.
CONCLUSION
Positive ratings in the HAPA motivational phase indicated fertile ground for IPEP use. Neutral ratings by coaches and deterioration across the season in players and coaches suggest a need for ongoing support for IPEP use.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT04272047.
PubMed: 38933370
DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002009 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2024Oleuropein, a phenolic compound derived from olives, has known glucoregulatory effects in mammalian models but effects in birds are unknown. We investigated effects of...
Oleuropein, a phenolic compound derived from olives, has known glucoregulatory effects in mammalian models but effects in birds are unknown. We investigated effects of dietary supplementation and exogenous administration of oleuropein on broiler chick feed intake and glucose homeostasis during the first 7 days post-hatch. One hundred and forty-eight day-of-hatch broiler chicks were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments with varying oleuropein concentrations (0, 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg). Body weight and breast muscle and liver weights were recorded on day 7. In the next experiment, chicks received intraperitoneal (IP) injections of oleuropein at doses of 0 (vehicle), 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg on day 4 post-hatch, with feed intake and blood glucose levels measured thereafter. Lastly, chicks fed a control diet were fasted and administered intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of oleuropein at doses of 0, 50, 100, or 200 μg, after which feed intake was recorded. Results indicated that IP and ICV injections led to decreased feed intake, primarily at 60 min post-injection, with effects diminishing by 90 min in the IP study. Blood glucose levels decreased 1-h post-IP injection at higher oleuropein doses. These findings suggest that oleuropein acts as a mild appetite suppressant and influences energy metabolism in broiler chickens.
PubMed: 38933363
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1409211 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2024In the realm of obesity and overweight, the risk of chronic diseases significantly escalates, closely intertwined with inflammatory factors. Research suggests that... (Review)
Review
In the realm of obesity and overweight, the risk of chronic diseases significantly escalates, closely intertwined with inflammatory factors. Research suggests that specific exercise interventions, particularly aerobic exercise and resistance exercise, can have beneficial effects on inflammation levels. However, debates persist regarding the actual impact of exercise in the obese and overweight population. We employed meta-analysis research methods and searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Wanfang Data, PubMed, and Web of Science databases to gather controlled experiments on the effects of resistance exercise or aerobic exercise on C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Two researchers independently conducted literature screening and data extraction. The quality of the literature was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook standards, and subgroup analyses of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α were performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Through quantitative synthesis of results from 22 selected studies encompassing a total of 1,135 research subjects, this study systematically explored the specific regulatory effects of different exercise modalities on inflammatory markers in the obese and overweight population. The findings indicate that both aerobic exercise and resistance exercise effectively reduce CRP levels in obese individuals, with aerobic exercise demonstrating a more pronounced effect. Aerobic exercise also significantly lowers IL-6 levels, while the impact of resistance exercise on IL-6 is relatively minor. However, in terms of reducing TNF-α levels, neither modality appears to exert a significant effect. Overall, exercise, especially aerobic exercise, emerges as a positive regulator of inflammatory markers in the context of obesity and overweight.
PubMed: 38933362
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1405094