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BMC Public Health Jun 2024From the perspective of exercise psychology, to investigate the antefacts of problematic internet use (PIU) in college students, and to reveal the chain mediating effect...
OBJECTIVE
From the perspective of exercise psychology, to investigate the antefacts of problematic internet use (PIU) in college students, and to reveal the chain mediating effect of self-control and loneliness between physical exercise and PIU.
METHODS
1081 college students in Chongqing, China were investigated by Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Self-control Scale (SCS), Loneliness Scale (UCLA), and Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS-R), and the data were statistically analyzed by SPSS25.0 and AMOS21.0 software.
RESULTS
(1) There was a significant negative correlation between physical exercise and PIU, and the former has a direct negative predictive effect on the latter. (2) Physical exercise could indirectly influence the PIU of college students through the partial mediating effect of self-control and loneliness, respectively. (3) Physical exercise could also indirectly influence PIU through the chain mediation of "self-control → loneliness".
CONCLUSION
Maintaining regular physical exercise can promote the improvement of self-control and the weakening of the loneliness experience of college students, and then help to prevent or alleviate PIU behavior, which is of great significance for psychological and behavioral health.
Topics: Humans; Loneliness; Students; Male; Female; Exercise; Universities; Young Adult; Self-Control; Internet Addiction Disorder; China; Adolescent; Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38937729
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19226-x -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Jun 2024The relationship between delayed ambulation (DA) and postoperative adverse events (AEs) following transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in elderly patients...
PURPOSE
The relationship between delayed ambulation (DA) and postoperative adverse events (AEs) following transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in elderly patients remains elusive. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of DA on the postoperative AEs including complications, readmission and prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS).
METHODS
This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively established database of elderly patients (aged 65 years and older) who underwent TLIF surgery. The early ambulation (EA) group was defined as patients ambulated within 48 h after surgery, whereas the delayed ambulation (DA) group was patients ambulated at a minimum of 48 h postoperatively. The DA patients were 1:1 propensity-score matched to the EA patients based on age, gender and the number of fused segments. Univariate analysis was used to compare postoperative outcomes between the two groups, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for adverse events and DA.
RESULTS
After excluding 125 patients for various reasons, 1025 patients (≤ 48 h: N = 659 and > 48 h: N = 366) were included in the final analysis. After propensity score matching, there were 326 matched patients in each group. There were no significant differences in the baseline data and the surgery-related variables between the two groups (p > 0.05). The patients in the DA group had a significant higher incidence of postoperative AEs (46.0% vs. 34.0%, p = 0.002) and longer LOS (p = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression identified that age, operative time, diabetes, and DA were independently associated with postoperative AEs, whereas greater age, higher international normalized ratio, and intraoperative estimated blood loss were identified as independent risk factors for DA.
CONCLUSIONS
Delayed ambulation was an independent risk factor for postoperative AEs after TLIF in elderly patients. Older age, increased intraoperative blood loss and worse coagulation function were associated with delayed ambulation.
Topics: Humans; Spinal Fusion; Female; Male; Aged; Lumbar Vertebrae; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Length of Stay; Aged, 80 and over; Early Ambulation; Time Factors; Patient Readmission; Walking
PubMed: 38937718
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07606-8 -
BMC Geriatrics Jun 2024The updated World Health Organization 2020 guidelines strongly recommend an optimal physical activity level of 150-300 min/week for older adults. However, few studies...
OBJECTIVES
The updated World Health Organization 2020 guidelines strongly recommend an optimal physical activity level of 150-300 min/week for older adults. However, few studies have examined the relationship between different levels of physical activity and sarcopenia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional associations between overall physical activity levels, gender, intensity, and the risk of sarcopenia among older Taiwanese adults.
METHODS
A nationwide cross-sectional telephone survey of older adults (≥ 65 years) was conducted in Taiwan from October 2019 to January 2020. Participants were interviewed to collect self-reported data on their level of physical activity (measured by the Taiwanese version of the IPAQ-SF), sarcopenia risk (measured by the SARC-F questionnaire), and sociodemographics.
RESULTS
A total of 1068 older adults were surveyed. Compared with the optimal physical activity level recommendations in the WHO guidelines and after adjusting for potential confounders and proposing an association independent of sedentary behavior, older adults with insufficient physical activity levels (< 150 min/week) were more likely to have a higher risk of sarcopenia (OR: 3.24; CI: 1.67-6.27), whereas older adults who exceeded physical activity guidelines (> 300 min/week) were more likely to have a lower risk of sarcopenia (OR: 0.39; CI: 0.20-0.78). Maintaining moderate-intensity physical activity is essential for older adults, as physical activity that exceeds the guidelines can significantly lower the risk of sarcopenia; meanwhile, insufficient physical activity can greatly increase it. Also, there seems to be a similar association between sarcopenia risk across different physical activity levels in vigorous-intensity physical activities in older adults. However, due to the small number of sarcopenia-risk participants who met or exceeded vigorous-intensity physical activity levels, further comparisons between different vigorous-intensity physical activity levels did not show significant differences in sarcopenia risk. Additionally, insufficient physical activity was found to be an important risk factor for sarcopenia in both genders, while physical activity that exceeded the guidelines prevented sarcopenia in females.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study highlight the potential dose-response relationship related to physical activity. The 2020 WHO guidelines provide the public with minimum recommendations for physical activity. However, exceeding these recommended levels appears to be more effective in preventing sarcopenia in older adults and may offer even greater health benefits. Future research should further explore whether exceeding these guidelines could result in additional health benefits.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Sarcopenia; Aged; Taiwan; Exercise; Aged, 80 and over; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38937702
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05087-x -
BMC Cancer Jun 2024Evaluation publications typically summarize the results of studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of an intervention, but little is shared concerning any changes... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Process evaluation protocol plan for a home-based physical activity intervention versus educational intervention for persistent taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (B-HAPI study): a randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
Evaluation publications typically summarize the results of studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of an intervention, but little is shared concerning any changes implemented during the study. We present a process evaluation protocol of a home-based gait, balance, and resistance exercise intervention to ameliorate persistent taxane-induced neuropathy study according to 7 key elements of process evaluation.
METHODS
The process evaluation is conducted parallel to the longitudinal, randomized control clinical trial examining the effects of the home-based gait, balance, and resistance exercise program for women with persistent peripheral neuropathy following treatment with taxanes for breast cancer (IRB approval: Pro00040035). The flowcharts clarify how the intervention should be implemented in comparable settings, fidelity procedures help to ensure the participants are comfortable and identify their individual needs, and the process evaluation allows for the individual attention tailoring and focus of the research to avoid protocol deviation.
CONCLUSIONS
The publication of the evaluation protocol plan adds transparency to the findings of clinical trials and favors process replication in future studies. The process evaluation enables the team to systematically register information and procedures applied during recruitment and factors that impact the implementation of the intervention, thereby allowing proactive approaches to prevent deviations from the protocol. When tracking an intervention continuously, positive or negative intervention effects are revealed early on in the study, giving valuable insight into inconsistent results. Furthermore, a process evaluation adds a participant-centered element to the research protocols, which allows a patient-centered approach to be applied to data collection.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04621721, November 9, 2020, registered prospectively.
PROTOCOL VERSION
April 27, 2020, v2.
Topics: Humans; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Taxoids; Exercise Therapy; Patient Education as Topic; Exercise; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Longitudinal Studies; Research Design; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38937667
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12444-x -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Predictive neuromuscular simulations are a powerful tool for studying the biomechanics of human walking, and deriving design criteria for technical devices like...
Predictive neuromuscular simulations are a powerful tool for studying the biomechanics of human walking, and deriving design criteria for technical devices like prostheses or biorobots. Good agreement between simulation and human data is essential for transferability to the real world. The human foot is often modeled with a single rigid element, but knowledge of how the foot model affects gait prediction is limited. Standardized procedures for selecting appropriate foot models are lacking. We performed 2D predictive neuromuscular simulations with six different foot models of increasing complexity to answer two questions: What is the effect of a mobile arch, a toe joint, and the coupling of toe and arch motion through the plantar fascia on gait prediction? and How much of the foot's anatomy do we need to model to predict sagittal plane walking kinematics and kinetics in good agreement with human data? We found that the foot model had a significant impact on ankle kinematics during terminal stance, push-off, and toe and arch kinematics. When focusing only on hip and knee kinematics, rigid foot models are sufficient. We hope our findings will help guide the community in modeling the human foot according to specific research goals and improve neuromuscular simulation accuracy.
Topics: Humans; Walking; Biomechanical Phenomena; Gait; Toe Joint; Foot; Computer Simulation; Ankle Joint; Models, Biological; Knee Joint; Toes
PubMed: 38937584
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65258-z -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Research to improve and expand treatment options for motor impairment after stroke remains an important issue in rehabilitation as the reduced ability to move affected...
Research to improve and expand treatment options for motor impairment after stroke remains an important issue in rehabilitation as the reduced ability to move affected limbs is still a limiting factor in the selection of training content for stroke patients. The combination of action observation and peripheral nerve stimulation is a promising method for inducing increased excitability and plasticity in the primary motor cortex of healthy subjects. In addition, as reported in the literature, the use of action observation and motor imagery in conjunction has an advantage over the use of one or the other alone in terms of the activation of motor-related brain regions. The aim of the pilot study was thus to combine these findings into a multimodal approach and to evaluate the potential impact of the concurrent application of the three methods on dexterity in stroke patients. The paradigm developed accordingly was tested with 10 subacute patients, in whom hand dexterity, thumb-index pinch force and thumb tapping speed were measured for a baseline assessment and directly before and after the single intervention. During the 10-min session, patients were instructed to watch a repetitive thumb-index finger tapping movement displayed on a monitor and to imagine the sensations that would arise from physically performing the same motion. They were also repeatedly electrically stimulated at the wrist on the motorically more affected body side and asked to place their hand behind the monitor for the duration of the session to support integration of the displayed hand into their own body schema. The data provide a first indication of a possible immediate effect of a single application of this procedure on the dexterity in patients after stroke.
Topics: Humans; Pilot Projects; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation; Motor Cortex; Peripheral Nerves; Imagery, Psychotherapy; Adult; Motor Skills; Electric Stimulation
PubMed: 38937566
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65911-7 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Spontaneous rhythmic movements are part of everyday life, e.g., in walking, clapping or music making. Humans perform such spontaneous motor actions at different rates...
Spontaneous rhythmic movements are part of everyday life, e.g., in walking, clapping or music making. Humans perform such spontaneous motor actions at different rates that reflect specific biomechanical constraints of the effector system in use. However, there is some evidence for intra-individual consistency of specific spontaneous rates arguably resulting from common underlying processes. Additionally, individual and contextual factors such as musicianship and circadian rhythms have been suggested to influence spontaneous rates. This study investigated the relative contributions of these factors and provides a comprehensive picture of rates among different spontaneous motor behaviors, i.e., melody production, walking, clapping, tapping with and without sound production, the latter measured online before and in the lab. Participants (n = 60) exhibited high intra-individual stability across tasks. Task-related influences included faster tempi for spontaneous production rates of music and wider ranges of spontaneous motor tempi (SMT) and clapping rates compared to walking and music making rates. Moreover, musicians exhibited slower spontaneous rates across tasks, yet we found no influence of time of day on SMT as measured online in pre-lab sessions. Tapping behavior was similar in pre-lab and in-lab sessions, validating the use of online SMT assessments. Together, the prominent role of individual factors and high stability across domains support the idea that different spontaneous motor behaviors are influenced by common underlying processes.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Biomechanical Phenomena; Adult; Music; Movement; Cognition; Young Adult; Walking; Psychomotor Performance
PubMed: 38937553
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65788-6 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Microbial bioaugmentation of coal is considered as a viable and ecologically sustainable approach for the utilization of low-rank coals (LRC). The search for novel...
Microbial bioaugmentation of coal is considered as a viable and ecologically sustainable approach for the utilization of low-rank coals (LRC). The search for novel techniques to derive high-value products from LRC is currently of great importance. In response to this demand, endeavors have been undertaken to develop microbially based coal solubilization and degradation techniques. The impact of supplementing activated sludge (AS) as a microbial augmentation to enhance LRC biodegradation was investigated in this study. The LRC and their biodegradation products were characterized using the following methods: excitation-emission Matrices detected fluorophores at specific wavelength positions (O, E, and K peaks), revealing the presence of organic complexes with humic properties. FTIR indicated the increased amount of carboxyl groups in the bioaugmented coals, likely due to aerobic oxidation of peripheral non-aromatic structural components of coal. The bacterial communities of LRC samples are primarily composed of Actinobacteria (up to 36.2%) and Proteobacteria (up to 25.8%), whereas the Firmicutes (63.04%) was the most abundant phylum for AS. The community-level physiological profile analysis showed that the microbial community AS had high metabolic activity of compared to those of coal. Overall, the results demonstrated successful stimulation of LRC transformation through supplementation of exogenous microflora in the form of AS.
Topics: Coal; Sewage; Biodegradation, Environmental; Bacteria; Actinobacteria; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Proteobacteria
PubMed: 38937498
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64275-2 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024This study intends to inspect the effects of acute aerobic exercise (AE) on resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in motor cortex of college students and the...
UNLABELLED
This study intends to inspect the effects of acute aerobic exercise (AE) on resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in motor cortex of college students and the moderating effect of fitness level.
METHODS
20 high fitness level college students and 20 ordinary college students were recruited in public. Subjects completed 25 min of moderate- and high-intensity acute aerobic exercise respectively by a bicycle ergometer, and the motor cortex's blood oxygen signals in resting state were monitored by functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS, the Shimadzu portable Light NIRS, Japan) in pre- and post-test.
RESULTS
At the moderate intensity level, the total mean value of RSFC pre- and post-test was significantly different in the high fitness level group (pre-test 0.62 ± 0.18, post-test 0.51 ± 0.17, t = 2.61, p = 0.02, d = 0.58), but no significant change was found in the low fitness level group. At the high-intensity level, there was no significant difference in the difference of total RSFC between pre- and post-test in the high and low fitness group. According to and change trend of 190 "edges": at the moderate-intensity level, the number of difference edges in the high fitness group (d = 0.58, 23) were significantly higher than those in the low fitness group (d = 0.32, 15), while at high-intensity level, there was a reverse trend between the high fitness group (d = 0.25, 18) and the low fitness group (d = 0.39, 23).
CONCLUSIONS
moderate-intensity AE can cause significant changes of RSFC in the motor cortex of college students with high fitness, while high fitness has a moderating effect on the relationship between exercise intensity and RSFC. RSFC of people with high fitness is more likely to be affected by AE and show a wider range of changes.
Topics: Humans; Motor Cortex; Exercise; Male; Female; Students; Young Adult; Rest; Adult; Universities; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
PubMed: 38937472
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63140-6 -
Nature Communications Jun 2024Studies examining lifestyle and cognitive decline often use healthy lifestyle indices, making it difficult to understand implications for interventions. We examined...
Studies examining lifestyle and cognitive decline often use healthy lifestyle indices, making it difficult to understand implications for interventions. We examined associations of 16 lifestyles with cognitive decline. Data from 32,033 cognitively-healthy adults aged 50-104 years participating in prospective cohort studies of aging from 14 European countries were used to examine associations of lifestyle with memory and fluency decline over 10 years. The reference lifestyle comprised not smoking, no-to-moderate alcohol consumption, weekly moderate-plus-vigorous physical activity, and weekly social contact. We found that memory and fluency decline was generally similar for non-smoking lifestyles. By contrast, memory scores declined up to 0.17 standard deviations (95% confidence interval= 0.08 - 0.27) and fluency scores up to 0.16 standard deviations (0.07 - 0.25) more over 10 years for those reporting smoking lifestyles compared with the reference lifestyle. We thus show that differences in cognitive decline between lifestyles were primarily dependent on smoking status.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Europe; Aged; Male; Female; Cognitive Dysfunction; Healthy Lifestyle; Aged, 80 and over; Smoking; Prospective Studies; Alcohol Drinking; Exercise; Memory; Aging; Cognition; Life Style
PubMed: 38937442
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49262-5