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Scientific Reports Jun 2024Preterm born (PTB) infants are at risk for injuries related to oxidative stress. We investigated the association between antioxidant and neurodevelopmental gene...
Preterm born (PTB) infants are at risk for injuries related to oxidative stress. We investigated the association between antioxidant and neurodevelopmental gene polymorphisms and oxidative stress parameters in PTB male young adults and their term-born counterparts at rest and during exercise. Healthy young PTB (N = 22) and full-term (N = 15) males underwent graded exercise tests in normobaric normoxic (FO = 0.21) and hypoxic (FO = 0.13) conditions. CAT rs1001179 was associated with decrease in nitrites in the whole group and in PTB individuals (P = 0.017 and P = 0.043, respectively). GPX1 rs1050450 was associated with decrease in ferric reducing antioxidant power in the whole group and in full-term individuals (P = 0.017 and P = 0.021, respectively). HIF1A rs11549465 was associated with decrease in nitrotyrosine and increase in malondialdehyde (P = 0.022 and P = 0.018, respectively). NOTCH4 rs367398 was associated with increase in advanced oxidation protein products and nitrites (P = 0.002 and P = 0.004, respectively) in hypoxia. In normoxia, NOTCH4 rs367398 was associated with increase in malondialdehyde in the whole group (P = 0.043). BDNF rs6265 was associated with decreased nitrites/nitrates in the whole group and in PTB individuals (P = 0.009 and P = 0.043, respectively). Polymorphisms in investigated genes and PTB might influence oxidative stress response after exercise in normoxic or hypoxic conditions far beyond the neonatal period in young male adults.
Topics: Humans; Oxidative Stress; Male; Hypoxia; Antioxidants; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Young Adult; Infant, Newborn; Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Catalase; Adult; Glutathione Peroxidase; Infant, Premature; Nitrites; Malondialdehyde; Tyrosine; Premature Birth
PubMed: 38942829
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65647-4 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Sporting experience plays a pivotal role in shaping exercise habits, with a mutually reinforcing relationship that enhances cognitive performance. The acknowledged...
Sporting experience plays a pivotal role in shaping exercise habits, with a mutually reinforcing relationship that enhances cognitive performance. The acknowledged plasticity of cognition driven by sports necessitates a comprehensive examination. Hence, this study delves into the dynamic intricacies of the prefrontal cortex, exploring the impact of orienteering experience on cognitive performance. Our findings contribute empirical evidence regarding the functional activation of specific brain regions bridging the nexus between experiential factors and cognitive capabilities. In this cross-sectional study, a cohort of forty-nine athletes was enrolled to meticulously examine behavioral variances and prefrontal cortex dynamics among orienteering athletes of varying experience levels across diverse non-specialized scenarios. These investigations involved the utilization of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to detect alterations in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2). The high-experience expert group exhibited neurological efficiency, demonstrating significantly diminished brain activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal, left ventral lateral prefrontal, and right orbitofrontal regions compared to the low-experience group. Within the low-experience novice group, superior performance in the spatial memory task was observed compared to the mental rotation task, with consistently lower reaction times across all conditions compared to the high-experience group. Notably, cerebral blood oxygenation activation exhibited a significant reduction in the high-experience expert group compared to the low-experience novice group, irrespective of task type. The dorsolateral prefrontal lobe exhibited activation upon task onset, irrespective of experience level. Correct rates in the spatial memory task were consistently higher than those in the mental rotation task, while brain region activation was significantly greater during the mental rotation task than the spatial memory task." This study elucidates disparities in prefrontal cortex dynamics between highly seasoned experts and neophyte novices, showcasing a cognitive edge within the highly experienced cohort and a spatial memory advantage in the inexperienced group. Our findings contribute to the comprehension of the neural mechanisms that underlie the observed cognitive advantage and provide insights into the forebrain resources mobilized by orienteering experience during spatial cognitive tasks."
Topics: Humans; Prefrontal Cortex; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Cognition; Male; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult; Young Adult; Athletes; Brain Mapping; Oxyhemoglobins
PubMed: 38942820
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65747-1 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Improved and contemporary agriculture relies heavily on pesticides, yet some can be quite persistent and have a stable chemical composition, posing a significant threat...
Improved and contemporary agriculture relies heavily on pesticides, yet some can be quite persistent and have a stable chemical composition, posing a significant threat to the ecology. Removing harmful effects is upon their degradability. Biodegradation must be emphasized to lower pesticide degradation costs, especially in the soil. Here, a decision-making system was used to determine the best microbial strain for the biodegradation of the pyrethroid-contaminated soil. In this system, the criteria chosen as: pH (C), Temp (C), RPM (C), Conc. (C), Degradation (%) (C) and Time required for degradation(hrs) (C); and five alternatives were Bacillus (A), Acinetobacter (A), Escherichia (A), Pseudomonas (A), and Fusarium (A). The best alternative was selected by applying the TOPSIS (technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution) method, which evaluates based on their closeness to the ideal solution and how well they meet specific requirements. Among all the specified criteria, Acinetobacter (A) was the best and optimal based on the relative closeness value (( ) = 0.740 (A) > 0.544 (A) > 0.480 (A) > 0.403 (A) > 0.296 (A)). However, the ranking of the other alternatives is also obtained in the order Fusarium (A), Bacillus (A), Pseudomonas (A), Escherichia (A). Hence this study suggests Acinetobacter is the best microbial strain for biodegradation of pyrethroids; while least preference should be given to Escherichia. Acinetobacter, versatile metabolic nature with various xenobiotic compounds' degradation ability, is gram-negative, aerobic, coccobacilli, nonmotile, and nonspore forming bacteria. Due to less study about Acinetobacter it is not in that much frame as the other microorganisms. Hence, considering the Acinetobacter strain for the biodegradation study will give more optimal results than the other microbial strains. Novelty of this study, the TOPSIS method is applied first time in selecting the best microbial strain for the biodegradation of pyrethroid-contaminated soil, considering this selection process as multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Pyrethrins; Soil Pollutants; Soil Microbiology; Bacteria; Bacillus; Fusarium; Decision Making; Pseudomonas; Acinetobacter
PubMed: 38942772
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59223-z -
The Lancet. Global Health Jun 2024Insufficient physical activity increases the risk of non-communicable diseases, poor physical and cognitive function, weight gain, and mental ill-health. Global...
National, regional, and global trends in insufficient physical activity among adults from 2000 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 507 population-based surveys with 5·7 million participants.
BACKGROUND
Insufficient physical activity increases the risk of non-communicable diseases, poor physical and cognitive function, weight gain, and mental ill-health. Global prevalence of adult insufficient physical activity was last published for 2016, with limited trend data. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of insufficient physical activity for 197 countries and territories, from 2000 to 2022.
METHODS
We collated physical activity reported by adults (aged ≥18 years) in population-based surveys. Insufficient physical activity was defined as not doing 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity, 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity, or an equivalent combination per week. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to compute estimates of insufficient physical activity by country or territory, year, age, and sex. We assessed whether countries or territories, regions, and the world would meet the global target of a 15% relative reduction of the prevalence of insufficient physical activity by 2030 if 2010-22 trends continue.
FINDINGS
We included 507 surveys across 163 countries and territories. The global age-standardised prevalence of insufficient physical activity was 31·3% (95% uncertainty interval 28·6-34·0) in 2022, an increase from 23·4% (21·1-26·0) in 2000 and 26·4% (24·8-27·9) in 2010. Prevalence was increasing in 103 (52%) of 197 countries and territories and six (67%) of nine regions, and was declining in the remainder. Prevalence was 5 percentage points higher among female (33·8% [29·9-37·7]) than male (28·7% [25·0-32·6]) individuals. Insufficient physical activity increased in people aged 60 years and older in all regions and both sexes, but age patterns differed for those younger than 60 years. If 2010-22 trends continue, the global target of a 15% relative reduction between 2010 and 2030 will not be met (posterior probability <0·01); however, two regions, Oceania and sub-Saharan Africa, were on track with considerable uncertainty (posterior probabilities 0·70-0·74).
INTERPRETATION
Concerted multi-sectoral efforts to reduce insufficient physical activity levels are needed to meet the 2030 target. Physical activity promotion should not exacerbate sex, age, or geographical inequalities.
FUNDING
Ministry of Public Health, Qatar, and World Health Organization.
TRANSLATIONS
For the Spanish and Portuguese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
PubMed: 38942042
DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00150-5 -
Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Jun 2024A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of resistance training on pro-inflammatory cytokines c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL 6), and tumor...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of resistance training on pro-inflammatory cytokines c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL 6), and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α) in middle-aged and elderly individuals.
METHODS
The retrieval period for the Web of Science and other large electronic databases is set by default to March 2022. Both included and excluded researchers are independent examination literature on the impact of resistance exercise on markers of inflammation in the elderly. The physical medical care Evidence Database scale (Physical Therapy Evidence Database, PEDro) was used to evaluate the research quality, and Revmen 5.3 was used to end the index analysis.
RESULTS
After a total of four rounds of elimination, 12 items were eventually included. The total sample size for the research was 388 persons. Resistance training substantially reduced CRP levels in middle-aged and older individuals, with SMD = -0.56 and 95 % confidence interval ([-0.78, -0.34], P < 0.00001, correspondingly. Resistance training can successfully lower IL6 concentrations in middle-aged and older adults, although the combined impact is not substantial. SMD = -0.25, 95 % CI [-0.54, 0.04]; P = 0.09. TNF- concentrations did not alter significantly following resistance exercise in middle-aged and older adults. The overall effect was SMD = -0.07, with a 95 % confidence interval [-0.37, 0.23], while P = 0.64.
CONCLUSION
Resistance training reduces CRP, IL6, and TNF-α levels among middle-aged and elderly people. However, it has no significant anti-inflammatory effects on TNF-α. Resistance exercise at a moderate level for 3 times / week with a duration of 6-12 weeks or 16-32 weeks, significantly reduced CRP levels. This work contributing to exploring the resistance training program for the elderly to reduce inflammatory markers, and further, providing suggestions for the elderly to participate in resistance training and reduce the concentration of inflammatory markers.
PubMed: 38941946
DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105536 -
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance Jun 2024Globally, over 39% of individuals are obese. Metabolic syndrome, usually accompanied by obesity, is regarded as a major contributor to noncommunicable diseases. Given...
BACKGROUND
Globally, over 39% of individuals are obese. Metabolic syndrome, usually accompanied by obesity, is regarded as a major contributor to noncommunicable diseases. Given this relationship, the concepts of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity, considering metabolic status, have been evolving. Attention is being directed to metabolically healthy people with obesity who have relatively low transition rates to noncommunicable diseases. As obesity rates continue to rise and unhealthy behaviors prevail among young adults, there is a growing need for obesity management that considers these metabolic statuses. A nomogram can be used as an effective tool to predict the risk of transitioning to metabolically unhealthy obesity from a metabolically healthy status.
OBJECTIVE
The study aimed to identify demographic factors, health behaviors, and 5 metabolic statuses related to the transition from metabolically healthy obesity to unhealthy obesity among people aged between 20 and 44 years and to develop a screening tool to predict this transition.
METHODS
This secondary analysis study used national health data from the National Health Insurance System in South Korea. We analyzed the customized data using SAS (SAS Institute Inc) and conducted logistic regression to identify factors related to the transition from metabolically healthy to unhealthy obesity. A nomogram was developed to predict the transition using the identified factors.
RESULTS
Among 3,351,989 people, there was a significant association between the transition from metabolically healthy to unhealthy obesity and general characteristics, health behaviors, and metabolic components. Male participants showed a 1.30 higher odds ratio for transitioning to metabolically unhealthy obesity than female participants, and people in the lowest economic status were also at risk for the transition (odds ratio 1.08, 95% CI 1.05-1.1). Smoking status, consuming >30 g of alcohol, and insufficient regular exercise were negatively associated with the transition. Each relevant variable was assigned a point value. When the nomogram total points reached 295, the shift from metabolically healthy to unhealthy obesity had a prediction rate of >50%.
CONCLUSIONS
This study identified key factors for young adults transitioning from healthy to unhealthy obesity, creating a predictive nomogram. This nomogram, including triglycerides, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose, allows easy assessment of obesity risk even for the general population. This tool simplifies predictions amid rising obesity rates and interventions.
Topics: Humans; Republic of Korea; Male; Female; Adult; Young Adult; Obesity, Metabolically Benign; Metabolic Syndrome; Nomograms; Obesity; Health Behavior; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38941611
DOI: 10.2196/52103 -
Medicine Jun 2024Previous studies have reported an association between physical activity and the occurrence and progression of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, the existing evidence...
Previous studies have reported an association between physical activity and the occurrence and progression of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, the existing evidence remains limited and of low-quality. This study aimed to examine the causal relationship between different levels of physical activity and KOA. Instrumental variables, represented by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), were utilized to capture sedentary behavior, appropriate physical exercise, and excessive physical activity. Aggregated statistics from the UK Biobank genome-wide association study dataset were used to assess the impact of these SNPs on KOA. Causality was estimated using inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR Egger, simple model, weighted median, and weighted model approaches. The stability of the results was assessed through heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis revealed a strong association between sedentary behavior and KOA, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.096 (95% CI: 1.506-2.917) and a P value of 1.14 × 10-5. Appropriate physical exercise behavior exhibited a strong negative association with KOA, with an OR of 0.147 (95% CI: 0.037-0.582) and a P value of 0.006. Conversely, excessive physical activity behavior showed a significant positive association with KOA, with an OR of 2.162 (95% CI: 1.327-3.521) and a P value of .002. Our findings indicate that sedentary behavior and excessive physical activity are identified as risk factors for KOA, whereas engaging in appropriate physical exercise emerges as a protective factor against the development of KOA.
Topics: Humans; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Exercise; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Sedentary Behavior; Genome-Wide Association Study; Male; Female; Risk Factors; United Kingdom; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38941438
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038650 -
Medicine Jun 2024To explore the effects of tracking linkage self-management mode on the compliance of prenatal examinations and delivery modes in primiparas. A total of 270 primiparas... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
To explore the effects of tracking linkage self-management mode on the compliance of prenatal examinations and delivery modes in primiparas. A total of 270 primiparas undergoing prenatal examinations in Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital were enrolled for prospective study between January 2021 and January 2022. They were divided into control group and observation group, 135 cases in each group. The control group was given routine management mode, while observation group was given tracking linkage self-management mode. All were intervened till discharge. The compliance (time and frequency of prenatal examinations), cognition of prenatal examinations, score of exercise of self-care agency scale, self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale, delivery modes and the occurrence of neonatal adverse outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. After intervention, total compliance rate of prenatal examinations in observation group was higher than that in control group (84.44% vs 72.59%) (P < .05). The scores of pregnancy care, genetic diseases counseling, prevention of birth defects and reasonable nutrition during pregnancy in observation group were higher than those in control group (P < .05), scores of health cognition, self-care skills, self-care responsibility and self-concept were higher than those in control group (P < .05), scores of self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale were lower than those in control group (P < .05), natural delivery rate was higher than that in control group (85.93% vs 74.81%) (P < .05), and incidence of neonatal adverse outcomes was lower than that in control group (0.74% vs 5.93%) (Fisher exact probability = 0.036). The application of tracking linkage self-management mode can significantly improve cognition to prenatal examinations, improve compliance of prenatal examinations and self-care ability, relieve anxiety and depression, increase natural delivery rate and reduce the incidence of neonatal adverse outcomes in primiparas.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Adult; Self-Management; Prospective Studies; Patient Compliance; Prenatal Care; Delivery, Obstetric; Parity; Self Care
PubMed: 38941437
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038494 -
Medicine Jun 2024Taiwan is an aging society, and the number of people with dementia is rapidly increasing. Due to a decline in cognitive and physical function, older adults with dementia...
BACKGROUND
Taiwan is an aging society, and the number of people with dementia is rapidly increasing. Due to a decline in cognitive and physical function, older adults with dementia not only gradually lose the ability to complete daily living tasks on their own, but are also at a higher risk of falls and injurious falls. It is important to develop interventions that combine cognitive and exercise training for older adults with dementia to promote or maintain their cognitive and physical functions and reduce their risk of falls. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effect of cognitive-based board games and multi-component exercise interventions on cognitive function, physical fitness, and fall risk in older adults with dementia.
METHODS
This was a quasi-experimental study with a single-group pretest and post-test design. The study participants were 41 community-dwelling older adults with mild to moderate dementia. They received cognitive-based board games and multi-component exercise interventions once a week for 12 weeks. The interventions included 1 hour of exercise training and 1 hour of cognitive training. Scores for the Taiwan version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-T), physical fitness, and the St. Thomas Risk Assessment Tool for Falling Elderly Inpatients (STRATIFY) were measured as outcome indicators at baseline and after the 12-week period.
RESULTS
The overall MoCA-T score increased significantly (effect size = 0.402), with participants with mild dementia showing a greater increase (effect size = 0.522) than those with moderate dementia (effect size = 0.310). Participants' physical fitness performance improved. Female participants exhibited significant improvements in the 30-second chair stand test (effect size = 0.483) and 8-foot up-and-go test (effect size = 0.437). The fall risk score decreased by 0.05 points, the change was not significant.
CONCLUSION
The cognitive-based board game and multi-component exercise interventions used in this study are beneficial for improving cognitive function and physical fitness in older adults with dementia. These interventions are feasible and suitable for promotion among community-dwelling and institution-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia to delay the decline in cognitive and physical function.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Aged; Dementia; Feasibility Studies; Exercise Therapy; Accidental Falls; Aged, 80 and over; Taiwan; Cognition; Physical Fitness; Games, Recreational; Independent Living
PubMed: 38941425
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038640 -
Medicine Jun 2024Observational studies report inverse associations between educational attainment and depression/anxiety risks, but confounding hinders causal inference. This study aimed...
Observational studies report inverse associations between educational attainment and depression/anxiety risks, but confounding hinders causal inference. This study aimed to assess potential causal relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR). Two-sample MR analysis was conducted using genetic instruments for education, smoking, body mass index, and physical activity from published genome-wide association studies. Depression and anxiety data came from the UK Biobank ([UKB] 117,782 individuals) and FinnGen (215,644 individuals) cohorts. Inverse variance weighted regression determined associations between exposures and mental health outcomes. Increased educational attainment was causally associated with reduced risks of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 0.99 per year, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.990-0.996, P < .001) and anxiety (OR = 0.99, CI: 0.98-0.991, P < .001) in both cohorts. Smoking initiation conferred higher risks of depression (UKB OR = 1.05, CI: 1.03-1.06, P < .001; FinnGen OR = 1.20, CI: 1.10-1.32, P < .001) and anxiety (FinnGen only, OR = 1.10, CI: 1.01-1.21, P < .05). Likewise, maternal smoking history associated with greater depression (UKB OR = 1.15, CI: 1.10-1.35, P = .027) and anxiety susceptibility (FinnGen OR = 3.02, CI: 1.67-5.46, P = .011). Higher body mass index elevated depression risk in both cohorts. Physical activity showed no clear associations. This MR study provides evidence that education may causally reduce mental health disorder risk. Smoking, obesity, and low activity appear detrimentally linked to depression and anxiety. Improving access to education could offer effective strategies for lowering population psychiatric burden.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Depression; Educational Status; Anxiety; Middle Aged; Body Mass Index; Smoking; Mental Health; United Kingdom; Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Exercise; Genome-Wide Association Study; Risk Factors; Causality
PubMed: 38941394
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038602