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Biomedicines Jun 2024head formation depends on an organizing center in which Wnt/β-catenin signaling, that plays an inductive role, positively regulates and , with Sp5 limiting...
head formation depends on an organizing center in which Wnt/β-catenin signaling, that plays an inductive role, positively regulates and , with Sp5 limiting expression and Zic4 triggering tentacle formation. Using transgenic lines in which the promoter drives eGFP expression in either the epidermis or gastrodermis, we show that promoter activity is differentially regulated in each epithelial layer. In intact animals, epidermal GFP activity is strong apically and weak along the body column, while in the gastrodermis, it is maximal in the tentacle ring region and maintained at a high level along the upper body column. During apical regeneration, :GFP is activated early in the gastrodermis and later in the epidermis. Alsterpaullone treatment induces a shift in apical expression towards the body column where it forms transient circular figures in the epidermis. Upon (RNAi), GFP activity is down-regulated in the epidermis while bud-like structures expressing GFP in the gastrodermis develop. (RNAi) reveals a negative autoregulation in the epidermis, but not in the gastrodermis. These differential regulations in the epidermis and gastrodermis highlight the distinct architectures of the network in the hypostome, tentacle base and body column of intact animals, as well as in the buds and apical and basal regenerating tips.
PubMed: 38927481
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061274 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery Jun 2024Multiportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (mVATS) is the standard approach for the surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. However, uniportal VATS (uVATS) has... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Multiportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (mVATS) is the standard approach for the surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. However, uniportal VATS (uVATS) has emerged as an alternative aiming to minimize surgical morbidity. This study aims to strengthen the evidence on the safety and efficiency of uVATS compared to mVATS.
METHODS
From January 2004 to December 2020, records of patients who had undergone surgical treatment for primary or secondary spontaneous pneumothorax were evaluated for eligibility. Patients who had undergone pleurectomy combined with bullectomy or apical wedge resection via uVATS or mVATS were included. Surgical characteristics and postoperative data were compared between patients who had undergone surgery via uVATS or mVATS. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to determine whether the surgical approach was associated with any complication (primary outcome), major complications (i.e., Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3), recurrence, prolonged hospitalization or prolonged chest drainage duration (secondary outcomes).
RESULTS
A total of 212 patients were enrolled. Patients treated via uVATS (n = 71) and mVATS (n = 141) were significantly different in pneumothorax type (secondary spontaneous; uVATS: 54 [76%], mVATS: 79 [56%]; p = 0.004). No significant differences were observed in (major) complications and recurrence rates between both groups. Multivariable analyses revealed that the surgical approach was no significant predictor for the primary or secondary outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates that uVATS is non-inferior to mVATS in the surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax regarding safety and efficiency, and thus the uVATS approach has the potential for further improvements in the perioperative surgical care for spontaneous pneumothorax.
Topics: Humans; Pneumothorax; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; Male; Female; Adult; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Postoperative Complications; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38926766
DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-02931-4 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology of maxillary first premolar mesial root concavity and to analyse its relation to periodontal bone loss (BL)...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology of maxillary first premolar mesial root concavity and to analyse its relation to periodontal bone loss (BL) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and panoramic radiographs.
METHODS
The mesial root concavity of maxillary premolar teeth was analysed via CBCT. The sex and age of the patients, starting position and depth of the root concavity, apicocoronal length of the concavity on the crown or root starting from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), total apicocoronal length of the concavity, amount of bone loss both in CBCT images and panoramic radiographs, location of the furcation, length of the buccal and palatinal roots, and buccopalatinal cervical root width were measured.
RESULTS
A total of 610 patients' CBCT images were examined, and 100 were included in the study. The total number of upper premolar teeth was 200. The patients were aged between 18 and 65 years, with a mean age of 45.21 ± 13.13 years. All the teeth in the study presented mesial root concavity (100%, n = 200). The starting point of concavity was mostly on the cervical third of the root (58.5%). The mean depth and buccolingual length measurements were 0.96 mm and 4.32 mm, respectively. Depth was significantly related to the amount of alveolar bone loss (F = 5.834, p = 0.001). The highest average concavity depth was 1.29 mm in the group with 50% bone loss. The data indicated a significant relationship between the location of the furcation and bone loss (X = 25.215, p = 0.003). Bone loss exceeded 50% in 100% of patients in whom the furcation was in the cervical third and in only 9.5% of patients in whom the furcation was in the apical third (p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS
According to the results of this study, the depth of the mesial root concavity and the coronal position of the furcation may increase the amount of alveolar bone loss. Clinicians should be aware of these anatomical factors to ensure accurate treatment planning and successful patient management.
Topics: Humans; Bicuspid; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Male; Female; Alveolar Bone Loss; Tooth Root; Adult; Middle Aged; Adolescent; Maxilla; Aged; Young Adult; Radiography, Panoramic; Tooth Cervix
PubMed: 38926720
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04494-1 -
European Journal of Pharmacology Jun 2024The CFTR modulator Trikafta has markedly improved lung disease for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients carrying the common delta F508 (F508del-CFTR) CFTR mutation....
The CFTR modulator Trikafta has markedly improved lung disease for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients carrying the common delta F508 (F508del-CFTR) CFTR mutation. F508del-CFTR results in an apical trafficking defect and loss of function in CFTR-expressing epithelial cells. However, Trikafta has not resulted in improved gastrointestinal function in CF patients. A humanized mouse model of F508del-CFTR was recently generated to evaluate CFTR modulators and other compounds to treat human F508del-CFTR CF intestinal disease. Short-term (4h) treatment of rats with Dexamethasone (Dex) potently activates serum glucocorticoid kinase 1 (SGK1) and increases CFTR apical traffic and ion transport in the native intestine. This study examined CFTR localization and ion transport in intestinal segments from humanized F508del-CFTR mice following treatment with Dex in the presence/absence of Trikafta. Dex treatment improved apical CFTR localization and function but was inconsistent along intestinal segments. Combined treatment with Dex and Trikafta was superior to Dex alone but inconsistently improved CFTR localization and function. These data suggest further optimization of humanized CF mouse models will be necessary to test the efficacy of compounds to treat human CF intestinal disease.
PubMed: 38925289
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176771 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024Small extracellular vesicles derived from milk (Milk-sEVs) have the advantages of easy availability, low cost, low toxicity, and inhibition of inflammation. CD36...
BACKGROUND
Small extracellular vesicles derived from milk (Milk-sEVs) have the advantages of easy availability, low cost, low toxicity, and inhibition of inflammation. CD36 mediates inflammation stress in a variety of disease states. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Milk-sEVs in inhibiting fibroblast inflammation through CD36 and provide reference data for the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis.
RESULTS
The addition of Milk-sEVs resulted in decreased expression of inflammation-related factors in L929 cells, and transcriptome sequencing screened for the DEG CD36 in the Milk-sEV treatment group under inflammation. The mouse model of apical periodontitis was successfully established, and CD36 expression increased with the development of inflammation. Transfection of si-CD36 into L929 cells reduced inflammation by inhibiting activation of the MAPK signaling pathway.
CONCLUSIONS
CD36 expression increased with the development of apical periodontitis. In the setting of LPS-mediated inflammation, Milk-sEVs inhibited activation of the MAPK signaling pathway by decreasing the expression of CD36 in L929 cells and thereby reducing inflammation.
PubMed: 38925187
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133422 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2024A new species of Asplenium L. (Aspleniaceae) is described and illustrated. Asplenium sylvaticum is endemic of the Yungas and Paraná biogeographic provinces in the...
A new species of Asplenium L. (Aspleniaceae) is described and illustrated. Asplenium sylvaticum is endemic of the Yungas and Paraná biogeographic provinces in the Southern Cone. The main diagnostic characters for this taxon are: apical pinnae with one to four caudate lobes at the base, similar in size to lateral pinnae, smooth pinnate blades with 18-36 pairs of caudate pinnae and spores with reticulate perispore, winged folds with scarce equinulaes on the margins and the laesurae wide with smooth margin. The new species belongs to the A. serra species complex group, characterised by xeromorphic habit, creeping rhizome and coriaceous fronds with branched scales on both surfaces, and resembles the other species inhabiting in Argentina, A. achalense and A. serra, in overall leaf architecture and shape but differs of the aforementioned species (and the other species of the A. serra complex) by the unique combination of characters of its rhizomatic scales, fronds and spores. A key with the morphological and palynological characters that differentiate A. sylvaticum from the other taxa belonging to the A. serra complex in the South American Cone and Bolivia is given.
Topics: Forests; Ferns; Brazil
PubMed: 38922278
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420231015 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2024Rehabilitation of edentulous atrophic mandibles involves the placement of implants in the anterior segment of the mandible. The primary stability of these implants can...
Rehabilitation of edentulous atrophic mandibles involves the placement of implants in the anterior segment of the mandible. The primary stability of these implants can be improved using the base of the mandible as complementary anchorage (bicorticalization). This study aimed to analyze the biomechanics of atrophic mandibles rehabilitated with monocortical or bicortical implants. Two three-dimensional virtual models of edentulous mandibles with severe atrophy were prepared. Four monocortical implants were placed in one model (McMM), and four bicortical implants were placed in the other (BcMM). An implant-supported total prosthesis was prepared for each model. Then, a total axial load of 600 N was applied to the posterior teeth, and its effects on the models were analyzed using finite element analysis. The highest compressive stresses were concentrated in the cervical region of the implants in the McMM (-32.562 Mpa); in the BcMM, compressive stresses were distributed in the upper and lower cortex of the mandible, with increased compressive stresses at the distal implants (-63.792 Mpa). Thus, we conclude that axial loading forces are more uniformly distributed in the peri-implant bone when using monocortical implants and concentrated in the apical and cervical regions of the peri-implant bone when using bicortical implants.
Topics: Humans; Mandible; Dental Implants; Finite Element Analysis; Atrophy; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Jaw, Edentulous; Biomechanical Phenomena; Dental Stress Analysis
PubMed: 38922249
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202405621 -
Insects May 2024The mandibles are among the most important appendages of insects' mouthparts. Their morpho-functional organization is correlated with the variation in dietary...
The mandibles are among the most important appendages of insects' mouthparts. Their morpho-functional organization is correlated with the variation in dietary preferences. In this study, we investigated the ultrastructural organization and metal composition of the mandibles of two ladybird species with different dietary habits: (an entomophagous species) and (a phytophagous species). The ultrastructural organization was studied using Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy, whereas the metal composition was investigated using Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Significant differences were observed in the general organization and metal enrichment pattern between the two species. The mandibles of are large and present a molar part with two teeth, with the apical one showing a bifid apex. In contrast, exhibited a molar region with several teeth on its apical part. The study revealed significant differences in metal content between the teeth and the prostheca of . Mn was the most abundant element in teeth, whereas Cl was more abundant in the prostheca. In the case of , Si was the most abundant element in the prostheca, while Mn was more present in the teeth. A comparison between the two species revealed that both teeth and prostheca showed significant variation in the elemental composition. These findings underscore the role of dietary preferences in shaping the structural and metal composition variations in the mandibles of these two ladybird species.
PubMed: 38921118
DOI: 10.3390/insects15060403 -
Dentistry Journal Jun 2024The aim of this study is to validate a minimally invasive surgical procedure to harvest palate periosteum as a source of tissue for mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. We...
The aim of this study is to validate a minimally invasive surgical procedure to harvest palate periosteum as a source of tissue for mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. We performed a standardized procedure to harvest the palate periosteum in ten subjects, which consisted of a 3 mm disposable punch and a Molt periosteal elevator to harvest a small full-thickness fragment of soft tissue at the hard palate area, between the upper bicuspids, 3 to 4 mm apical to the cement enamel junction. The one-third inner portion was fragmented, and following standard cell culture procedures, the adherent cells were cultured for three passages, after obtaining 70-90% confluence. Cell morphology analysis, flow cytometry analysis, and viability and osteogenic differentiation assays were performed. In all 10 cases, uneventful healing was observed, with no need for analgesic intake. The evaluation of cell morphology showed elongated spindle-shaped cells distributed in woven patterns. A high viability range was verified as well as an immunophenotype compatible with mesenchymal stem cell lineage. The differentiation assay showed the potential of the cells to differentiate into the osteogenic lineage. These results demonstrate that the minimally invasive proposed surgical technique is capable of supplying enough periosteum source tissue for stem cell culture and bone tissue engineering.
PubMed: 38920873
DOI: 10.3390/dj12060172 -
Dentistry Journal Jun 2024(1) Background: Pulp canal obliteration (PCO) is a common condition characterized by an abnormal dentinal apposition within the canal wall, which often rises as a...
(1) Background: Pulp canal obliteration (PCO) is a common condition characterized by an abnormal dentinal apposition within the canal wall, which often rises as a consequence of dental trauma. In recent years, "guided endodontics" has offered a reliable and safer procedure for endodontic access in case of PCO. The present case report aims to introduce a new endodontic guided system with a sleeveless, open-frame titanium guide designed to reduce costs compared to traditional templates. (2) Methods: The patient is a 19-year-old female who was referred to a private clinic to treat a calcified and symptomatic tooth (3.3) with apical periodontitis. Following the first unsuccessful treatment attempt using the operating microscope, a three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination and an optical impression were performed in agreement with the patient. The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) and Standard Tessellation Language (STL) files were sent to the lab for the template packaging, and the patient was scheduled for a second appointment. The endodontic guide was accurately positioned, and shaping and filling were concluded with success. The canal was sealed with the single-cone technique and bioceramic sealer. (3) Results: The patient reported no significant post-operative symptoms. Notably, the treatment achieved total symptom resolution, as evidenced by radiographic assessments conducted 3 and 24 months post-treatment, confirming the procedure's success. (4) Conclusions: This innovative sleeveless, open-frame static titanium guide presents a promising advancement in guided endodontics for PCO treatment. The advantages include preserving healthy dental tissue, reduced chairside operating time, and cost savings compared to conventional templates. This approach holds promise for enhancing the quality and efficiency of endodontic procedures in cases of PCO. While the static guide holds promise, larger prospective studies are necessary to validate its efficacy, safety, and broader applicability in routine endodontic procedures.
PubMed: 38920867
DOI: 10.3390/dj12060166