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RSC Advances Nov 2023Saturated monocarboxylic fatty acids with long carbon chains are organic compounds widely used in several applied fields, such as energy production, thermal energy...
Saturated monocarboxylic fatty acids with long carbon chains are organic compounds widely used in several applied fields, such as energy production, thermal energy storage, antibactericidal, antimicrobial, among others. In this research, a new polymorphic phase of arachidic acid (AA) crystal was synthesized and its structural and vibrational properties were studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and polarized Raman scattering. The new structure of AA was solved at two different temperature conditions (100 and 300 K). XRD analysis indicated that this polymorph belongs to the monoclinic space group 2/ (), with four molecules per unit cell ( = 4). All molecules in the crystal lattice adopt a configuration, exhibiting a (8) hydrogen bond pattern. Consequently, this new polymorphic phase, labeled as B form, is a polytype belonging to the monoclinic symmetry, ., B form. Complementarily, Hirshfeld's surfaces were employed to analyze the intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice of this polymorph at temperatures of 100 and 300 K. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to assign all intramolecular vibration modes related to experimental Raman-active bands, which were properly calculated using a dimer model, considering a pair of AA molecules in the configuration, according to the solved-crystal structure.
PubMed: 38020030
DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05388a -
JAMA Network Open Nov 2023Sphingolipids, including ceramides and sphingomyelins, may influence the pathophysiology and risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) through multiple biological activities....
IMPORTANCE
Sphingolipids, including ceramides and sphingomyelins, may influence the pathophysiology and risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) through multiple biological activities. Whether the length of the fatty acid acylated to plasma sphingolipid species is associated with SCD risk is not known.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether the saturated fatty acid length of plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins influences the association with SCD risk.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
In this cohort study, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association of sphingolipid species with SCD risk. The study population included 4612 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study followed up prospectively for a median of 10.2 (IQR, 5.5-11.6) years. Baseline data were collected from January 1992 to December 1995 during annual examinations. Data were analyzed from February 11, 2020, to September 9, 2023.
EXPOSURES
Eight plasma sphingolipid species (4 ceramides and 4 sphingomyelins) with saturated fatty acids of 16, 20, 22, and 24 carbons.
MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE
Association of plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins with saturated fatty acids of different lengths with SCD risk.
RESULTS
Among the 4612 CHS participants included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 77 [5] years; 2724 [59.1%] women; 6 [0.1%] American Indian; 4 [0.1%] Asian; 718 [15.6%] Black; 3869 [83.9%] White, and 15 [0.3%] Other), 215 SCD cases were identified. In adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins with palmitic acid (Cer-16 and SM-16) were associated with higher SCD risk per higher SD of log sphingolipid levels (hazard ratio [HR] for Cer-16, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.12-1.59]; HR for SM-16, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.12-1.67]). Associations did not differ by baseline age, sex, race, or body mass index. No significant association of SCD with sphingolipids with very-long-chain saturated fatty acids was observed after correction for multiple testing (HR for ceramide with arachidic acid, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.90-1.24]; HR for ceramide with behenic acid, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.77-1.10]; HR for ceramide with lignoceric acid, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.77-1.09]; HR for sphingomyelin with arachidic acid, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.71-0.98]; HR for sphingomyelin with behenic acid, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.70-1.00]; HR for sphingomyelin with lignoceric acid, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.72-1.03]).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The findings of this large, population-based cohort study of SCD identified that higher plasma levels of Cer-16 and SM-16 were associated with higher risk of SCD. Future studies are needed to examine the underlying mechanism of these associations.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Male; Sphingomyelins; Ceramides; Eicosanoic Acids; Cohort Studies; Fatty Acids; Sphingolipids; Death, Sudden, Cardiac
PubMed: 37976059
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.43854 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Oct 2023Ningxiang pigs exhibit a diverse array of fatty acids, making them an intriguing model for exploring the genetic underpinnings of fatty acid metabolism. We conducted a...
Ningxiang pigs exhibit a diverse array of fatty acids, making them an intriguing model for exploring the genetic underpinnings of fatty acid metabolism. We conducted a genome-wide association study using a dataset comprising 50,697 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and samples from over 600 Ningxiang pigs. Our investigation yielded novel candidate genes linked to five saturated fatty acids (SFAs), four monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and five polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Significant associations with SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs were found for 37, 21, and 16 SNPs, respectively. Notably, some SNPs have significant PVE, such as ALGA0047587, which can explain 89.85% variation in Arachidic acid (C20:0); H3GA0046208 and DRGA0016063 can explain a total of 76.76% variation in Elaidic Acid (C18:1n-9(t)), and the significant SNP ALGA0031262 of Arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) can explain 31.76% of the variation. Several significant SNPs were positioned proximally to previously reported genes. In total, we identified 11 candidate genes (, , , , , , , , , and ), six candidate genes (, , , , , and ), and five candidate genes (, , , and ) associated with SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs, respectively. These findings hold great promise for advancing breeding strategies aimed at optimizing meat quality and enhancing lipid metabolism within the intramuscular fat (IMF) of Ningxiang pigs.
PubMed: 37893916
DOI: 10.3390/ani13203192 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2023Nutritional imbalances have been associated with a higher risk for cognitive impairment. This study determined the red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid profile of newly...
Nutritional imbalances have been associated with a higher risk for cognitive impairment. This study determined the red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid profile of newly diagnosed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared to age and gender-matched controls. There was a significant increase in palmitic acid ( < 0.00001) for both MCI and AD groups. Saturated fatty acids were significantly elevated in the MCI group, including stearic acid ( = 0.0001), arachidic acid ( = 0.003), behenic acid ( = 0.0002), tricosanoic acid ( = 0.007) and lignoceric acid ( = 0.001). n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were significantly reduced in MCI, including linoleic acid ( = 0.001), γ-linolenic acid ( = 0.03), eicosatrienoic acid ( = 0.009) and arachidonic acid ( < 0.00004). The n-3 PUFAs, α-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, were both significantly reduced in MCI and AD ( = 0.0005 and = 0.00003). A positive correlation was evident between the Mini-Mental State Examination score and nervonic acid in MCI (r = 0.54, = 0.01) and a negative correlation with γ-linolenic acid in AD (r = -0.43, = 0.05). Differences in fatty acid profiles may prove useful as potential biomarkers reflecting increased risk for dementia.
PubMed: 37762467
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814164 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023The Chuanzang black (CB) pig is a new crossbred between Chinese local breeds and modern breeds. Here, we investigated the growth performance, plasma indexes, carcass...
The Chuanzang black (CB) pig is a new crossbred between Chinese local breeds and modern breeds. Here, we investigated the growth performance, plasma indexes, carcass traits, and meat quality characteristics of conventional DLY (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) crossbreed and CB pigs. The LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics of pork from DLY and CB pigs, as well as the relationship between the changes in the metabolic spectrum and meat quality, were analyzed. In this study, CB pigs presented lower final body weight, average daily gain, carcass weight, and eye muscle area than DLY pigs ( ˂ 0.05). Conversely, the ratio of feed to gain, marbling score, and meat color score of longissimus dorsi (LD) were higher in CB than DLY pigs ( ˂ 0.05). Moreover, psoas major (PM) showed a higher meat color score and a lower cooking loss in CB than DLY pigs ( ˂ 0.05). Interestingly, CB pigs showed lower myofiber diameter and area but higher myofiber density than DLY pigs ( ˂ 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of , , , and were higher in CB than DLY pigs ( ˂ 0.05). Importantly, a total of 753 metabolites were detected in the two tissues (e.g., and ) of CB and DLY pigs, of which the difference in metabolite profiles in between crossbreeds was greater than that in . Specifically, palmitic acid, stearic acid, L-aspartic acid, corticosterone, and tetrahydrocorticosterone were the most relevant metabolites of meat quality, and tetrahydrocorticosterone, L-Palmitoylcarnitine, arachidic acid, erucic acid, and 13Z,16Z-docosadienoic acid in meat were positively correlated with meat quality. The most significantly enriched KEGG pathways in and pork were galactose metabolism and purine metabolism, respectively. These results not only indicated improved meat quality in CB pigs as compared to DLY pigs but may also assist in rational target selection for nutritional intervention or genetic breeding in the swine industry.
PubMed: 37761184
DOI: 10.3390/foods12183476 -
Cancer Research Communications Sep 2023Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis and is difficult to detect in early stages. Therefore, developing new diagnostic markers for early-stage ovarian cancer is critical....
UNLABELLED
Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis and is difficult to detect in early stages. Therefore, developing new diagnostic markers for early-stage ovarian cancer is critical. Here, we developed a diagnostic marker for early-stage ovarian cancer on the basis of fatty acid metabolism characteristics of cancer cells. The expression of various fatty acid metabolizing enzymes such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) was altered in early-stage ovarian cancer tissue compared with that in normal ovarian tissue. Changes in the expression of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes, particularly SCD1, in cancer tissues were found to alter concentrations of multiple free fatty acids (FFA) in serum. We were the first to show that fatty acid metabolic characteristics in tissues are related to the FFA composition of serum. Surprisingly, patients with stage I/II ovarian cancer also showed significant changes in serum levels of eight FFAs, which can be early diagnostic markers. Finally, using statistical analysis, an optimal early diagnostic model combining oleic and arachidic acid levels, fatty acids associated with SCD1, was established and confirmed to have higher diagnostic power than CA125, regardless of histology. Thus, our newly developed diagnostic model using serum FFAs may be a powerful tool for the noninvasive early detection of ovarian cancer.
SIGNIFICANCE
Measurement of serum FFA levels by changes in the expression of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes in tumor tissue would allow early detection of ovarian cancer. In particular, the SCD1-associated FFAs, oleic and arachidic acid, would be powerful new screening tools for early-stage ovarian cancer.
Topics: Female; Humans; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase; Ovarian Neoplasms; Fatty Acids
PubMed: 37712874
DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-23-0138 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023This study shed light for the first time on the diabetic wound healing potential activity of natural marine soft coral polymeric nanoparticle gel using an excision...
This study shed light for the first time on the diabetic wound healing potential activity of natural marine soft coral polymeric nanoparticle gel using an excision wound model. A sp. methanol-methylene chloride extract loaded with pectin nanoparticles (LPNs) was created. For the preparation of gel, ion-gelation techniques, the entrapment efficiency, the particle size, the polydispersity index, the zeta potential, the drug release, and a transmission electron microscope were used and the best formula was selected. Using (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS), 27 secondary metabolites responsible for extract biological activity were identified. Isolation and identification of arachidic acid, oleic acid, nervonic acid, and bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) of sp. was firstly reported here using NMR and mass spectral analyses. Moreover, LPN gel has the best effects on regulating the proinflammatory cytokines (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) that were detected on days 7 and 15. The results were confirmed with an enzymatic inhibitory effect of the extract against glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), with IC values of 0.178 ± 0.009 and 0.258 ± 0.011 µg/mL, respectively. The molecular docking study showed a free binding energy of -9.6 kcal/mol for chabrolosteroid E, with the highest binding affinity for the enzyme (GSK-3), while isogosterone B had -7.8 kcal/mol for the enzyme (MMP-1). A pharmacokinetics study for chabrolohydroxybenzoquinone F and isogosterone B was performed, and it predicted the mode of action of wound healing activity.
PubMed: 37513869
DOI: 10.3390/ph16070957