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Sheng Li Xue Bao : [Acta Physiologica... Aug 2023The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glutamate and its ionotropic receptor agonists on the response to acute hypoxia in rat carotid body in vitro....
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glutamate and its ionotropic receptor agonists on the response to acute hypoxia in rat carotid body in vitro. Briefly, after SD rats were anesthetized and decapitated, the bilateral carotid bifurcations were rapidly isolated. Then bifurcation was placed into a recording chamber perfused with 95% O-5% CO saturated Kreb's solution. The carotid body-sinus nerve complex was dissected, and the carotid sinus nerve discharge was recorded using a suction electrode. To detect the response of carotid body to acute hypoxia, the chamber was perfused with 5% O-5% CO-90% N saturated Kreb's solution for a period of 100 s at an interval of 15 min. To observe the effect of glutamate, ionotropic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor agonist AMPA or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist NMDA on the response to acute hypoxia in rat carotid body, the chamber was perfused with 5% O-5% CO-90% N saturated Kreb's solution containing the corresponding reagent. The results showed that glutamate (20 μmol/L), AMPA (5 μmol/L) or NMDA (10 μmol/L) inhibited the acute hypoxia-induced enhancement of carotid sinus nerve activity, and these inhibitory effects were dose-dependent. In summary, the activation of glutamate ionotropic receptors appears to exert an inhibitory effect on the response to acute hypoxia in carotid body of rats.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Glutamic Acid; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Carotid Body; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Carbon Dioxide; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, AMPA; Hypoxia
PubMed: 37583041
DOI: No ID Found -
PloS One 2023Drosophila melanogaster is a popular model organism in the study of memory due to a wide arsenal of methods used to analyze neuronal activity. The most commonly used...
Drosophila melanogaster is a popular model organism in the study of memory due to a wide arsenal of methods used to analyze neuronal activity. The most commonly used tests in research of behavioral plasticity are shock avoidance associated with chemosensory cues and courtship suppression after mating failure. Many authors emphasize the value of courtship suppression as a model of behavior most appropriate to natural conditions. However, researchers often investigate courtship suppression using immobilized and decapitated females as targets of courtship by males, which makes the data obtained from such flies less valuable. In our study, we evaluate courtship suppression towards immature mobile non-receptive females after training with mated or immature females combined with an aversive stimulus (quinine). We have shown that the previously described mechanisms of courtship suppression, as a result of the association of the courtship object with the repellent, as well as due to increased sensitivity to the anti-aphrodisiac cVA after mating failure, are not confirmed when immature mobile females are used. We discuss the reasons for the discrepancies between our results and literature data, define the conditions to be met in the courtship suppression test if the aim is to analyze the natural forms of behavioral plasticity, and present data on the test modifications to approximate conditions to natural ones.
Topics: Animals; Male; Female; Drosophila melanogaster; Drosophila Proteins; Courtship; Sexual Behavior, Animal
PubMed: 37561803
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290048 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023() is a crucial member of the (TCP) gene family and is well known for playing a central role in shoot branching by controlling buds' paradormancy. However, the...
() is a crucial member of the (TCP) gene family and is well known for playing a central role in shoot branching by controlling buds' paradormancy. However, the expression characteristics and molecular regulatory mechanism of during blueberry bud dormancy are unclear. To shed light on these topics, shoots of three blueberry cultivars with different chilling requirements (CRs) were decapitated in summer to induce paradormancy release and subjected to different levels of chilling in winter to induce endodormancy release. The results showed that the high-CR cultivar 'Chandler' had the strongest apical dominance among the three cultivars; additionally, the expression of , which is homologous to , was the highest under both the decapitation treatment and low-temperature treatment. The 'Emerald' cultivar, with a low CR, demonstrated the opposite trend. These findings suggest that plays a negative regulatory role in bud break and that there may be a correlation between the CR and tree shape. Through yeast 1-hybrid (Y1H) assays, we finally screened 21 upstream regulatory genes, including eight transcription factors: zinc-finger homeodomain protein 1/4/5/9, MYB4, AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), ASIL2-like, and bHLH035. It was found that these upstream regulatory genes positively or negatively regulated the expression of based on the transcriptome expression profile. In summary, this study enriched our understanding of the regulatory network of during bud dormancy and provided new insights into the function of .
PubMed: 37514210
DOI: 10.3390/plants12142595 -
Current Issues in Molecular Biology Jul 2023Alveolar bone resorption is a post-extraction complication wherein there is a reduction in the dimensions and quality of the alveolar bone. This study aimed to examine...
Alveolar bone resorption is a post-extraction complication wherein there is a reduction in the dimensions and quality of the alveolar bone. This study aimed to examine the effects of implantation of a combination of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nHA) and injectable platelet-rich fibrin (IPRF) on the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and new bone formation. A total of 32 male rats had their upper right incisors extracted under general anesthesia and were then divided into a control group, nHA group, IPRF group, and nHA-IPRF group. Decapitation was carried out on day 14 and day 28 in each group and the jaws of each rat were subjected to immunohistochemical and histological analysis. The results showed a decrease in TRAP expression in the nHA-IPRF group compared with the control group on day 14 ( = 0.074) and day 28 ( = 0.017). The study also showed an increase in ALP and OCN in the HA-IPRF group on day 14 and day 28 compared with the control group. New bone formation suggested a significant increase in the nHA-IPRF group compared with the control group on day 14 ( = 0.001) and day 28 ( = 0.001). nHA-IPRF implantation can suppress alveolar bone resorption, which is indicated by decreased TRAP expression, and it can increase bone growth, as indicated by increased expression of ALP, OCN, and new bone formation.
PubMed: 37504293
DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070377