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The Saudi Dental Journal Jan 2024The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation ability and proliferation of apical papilla stem cells using nanoparticles of Neo MTA and bioactive...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation ability and proliferation of apical papilla stem cells using nanoparticles of Neo MTA and bioactive glass.
METHODS
Neo MTA and bioactive glass 45S5 nanoparticles were prepared and characterized using a transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Apical papilla stem cells were harvested from freshly-extracted fully-impacted wisdom teeth, cultured, and characterized using flow cytometric analysis. Tested nanomaterials were mixed and samples were classified into four equal groups as follows; Negative control group: SCAP with Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium, Positive control group: SCAP with inductive media, First experimental group: Neo MTA nanoparticles with SCAP, Second experimental group: Bioactive glass nanoparticles with SCAP. Osteoblastic differentiation was assessed using an alkaline phosphatase assay and RANKL expression using specific polyclonal antibodies by fluorescence microscope The proliferation of SCAP was assessed using cell count and viability of Trypan Blue in addition to an MTT assay.
RESULTS
Isolated SCAP showed a non-hematopoietic origin. Neo MTA showed the highest ALP concentration followed by bioactive glass nanoparticles, and negative control. Bioactive glass nanoparticles showed the highest H score for RANKL protein expression followed by Neo MTA, and negative control. Bioactive glass nanoparticles showed the highest viable cell count.
CONCLUSIONS
SCAP isolation is achievable from extracted fully impacted immature third molars. Both tested nanobiomaterials have the ability to induce osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of SCAP.
PubMed: 38375392
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.10.018 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Feb 2024This study aimed to evaluate the effect of customized healing abutments compared to prefabricated healing abutments in immediate implant sites. Twelve patients requiring...
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of customized healing abutments compared to prefabricated healing abutments in immediate implant sites. Twelve patients requiring single immediate implant placement were divided into two groups: a prefabricated group received prefabricated titanium healing abutments, and a customized group received a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) customized healing abutments fabricated based on the individuals' digital impressions. Outcomes, including peri-implant horizontal and vertical soft tissue alteration, bone level change, volume change, pain score, and pink esthetic score (PES) change, were evaluated at the 1-, 4-, and 6-month follow-ups compared to pre-extraction teeth. At the 1- and 4-month follow-ups, the customized group had a significantly lower buccal volume variation (BVv). At the 6-month follow-up, neither group showed any significant difference in the marginal bone change; however, the customized group had a significantly lower PES change and a lower pain score. In the anterior and premolar regions, the customized group showed the preservation of peri-implant buccal horizontal soft tissue and buccal volume, while in the molar regions, the preservation of papilla height and midfacial height was observed. The morphology of the customized healing abutment demonstrated a better trend in preservation of peri-implant soft tissue, esthetic outcomes, and lower patient discomfort in immediate implant sites.
PubMed: 38337580
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030886 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jan 2024: The goal of this systematic study and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of hard and/or soft tissue grafts associated with type-1 implants on healing and... (Review)
Review
: The goal of this systematic study and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of hard and/or soft tissue grafts associated with type-1 implants on healing and treatment outcomes. The primary outcomes studied were implant survival rate, pocket depth, marginal peri-implant recession, bone loss, bone thickness (volumetric change), interproximal bone level, mesial and distal papilla migration, and radiographic evaluation; and the secondary parameters were Pink Esthetic Score (PES), vertical distance from implant shoulder and bone, Visual Analogue Score (VAS), Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ), and biological complications (fistulas, pain, mucositis, and peri-implantitis). : The PICO strategy was used to formulate the hypothesis under study: "For patients who underwent extraction and immediate implant placement, what is the efficacy of using any type of graft (bone or soft tissue) compared to non-grafting regarding the peri-implant parameters?" The electronic search process was performed on the MedLine/PubMed and Cochrane databases. It included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from the last 11 years (from 2012 to November 2023), which were identified and analyzed. : Nine RCTs (κ = 0.98) were selected (403 patients and 425 implants); they were divided into three groups: bone graft (75 patients and 75 implants inserted), bone graft and membrane (213 patients and 235 implants inserted), and without bone graft (115 patients and 115 implants inserted). Three studies calculated the mid-facial mucosa level and two reported better results when a connective tissue graft was combined with the xenograft, whereas another study found better results in the combination of a dual-zone technique with a xenograft. Three studies evaluated the total Pink Esthetic Score (PES) at 12 months, where the authors found no significant difference in using a xenogeneic graft with or without a membrane. In the same period, the facial bone thickness was assessed in two articles; the authors reported better results in graft-treated and flapless groups. The risk-of-bias assessment found four studies with low risk, four with moderate risk, and one with a high risk of bias. The meta-analysis showed a medium level of heterogeneity for the mid-facial mucosa level analysis (I = 46%) and an overall effect size of 0.79 (95% CI [0.18; 1.40]), a statistically significant results ( = 0.01), with a tendency to favor the experimental group. Also, there was a medium level of heterogeneity among studies regarding total PES (I = 45%), with no significant differences between studies ( = 0.91). Homogeneous results (I = 0%) were found among studies analyzing facial bone thickness, favoring the experimental group; the forest plot showed an effect of 0.37 (95% CI [0.25; 0.50]), which was statistically significant ( < 0.00001) for this parameter. : Then, it was possible to conclude that using bone and soft tissue grafting techniques associated with immediate implant placement (IIP), even though they are not fundamental, was a valuable resource to prevent significant tissue reduction, reaching greater bone stability and higher levels in the Pink Esthetic Score (PES) and Visual Analogue Score (VAS).
PubMed: 38337515
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030821 -
Heliyon Feb 2024Fungiform papillae contain taste buds and play a critical role in mastication and the gustatory system. In this study, we report a series of sequential observations of...
OBJECTIVE
Fungiform papillae contain taste buds and play a critical role in mastication and the gustatory system. In this study, we report a series of sequential observations of organogenesis of fungiform papillae in miniature pigs, as well as changes in the expression of BMP2, BMP4, Wnt5a, Sox2, and Notch1 signaling pathway components.
DESIGN
In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal expression patterns of BMP, Wnt, Sox2 and Notch in the fungiform papillae of miniature pigs at the bud stage (E40), cap stage (E50) and bell stage (E60). Pregnant miniature pigs were obtained, and the samples were processed for histological staining. Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of BMP2, BMP4, Wnt5a, Sox2, and Notch1.
RESULTS
At E40, fungiform papillae were present on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue in a specific array and pattern. The fungiform papillae were enlarged and basically developed at E50 and were largest at the earlier stage (E60). Most of the BMP2 was concentrated in the epithelial layer and the connective tissue core of the fungal papilloma and gradually accumulated from E40-E60. BMP-4 was weakly expressed in the fungiform papillae epithelia, but BMP-4-positive cells were also observed in the developing tongue muscle at E50 and E60. Wnt5a-positive cells were observed in the fungiform papillae epithelia and developing tongue muscle at all three time points. Sox2-positive cells were observed only in fungiform papillae epithelial cells, and Notch1-positive cells could not be detected.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides primary data regarding the morphogenesis and expression of developmental signals in the fungiform papillae of miniature pigs, establishing a foundation for further research in both this model and humans.
PubMed: 38314265
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24953 -
Heliyon Jan 2024Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common hereditary hemoglobinopathy, which delays growth leading to an altered skeleton and craniofacial pattern. Palatal rugae...
BACKGROUND
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common hereditary hemoglobinopathy, which delays growth leading to an altered skeleton and craniofacial pattern. Palatal rugae patterning has been considered the regulator of the development of the palate. The purpose of the research work was to study the morphology of the palate, rugae pattern, and its dimensions in SCD children and compare them with healthy normal children, and to evaluate its role as minor physical anomalies (MPAs).
METHODS
A cross-sectional case-control study was designed as per STROBE guidelines. The sample comprised 50 children diagnosed with sickle cell disease (Group SCD) and 50 normal healthy children as control (Group C) belonging to the same age group (10-18 years). Dental impressions were made, followed by the pouring of dental casts. The length of the palatal rugae was measured and categorized into primary (>5 mm), secondary (3 mm-5 mm), and fragmentary rugae (<3 mm). The shape of each primary palatal rugae was identified and categorized as curved, wavy, straight, circular and non-specific. Linear and angular measurements of the palatal rugae patterns and palatal dimensions (width, height, area) were measured and recorded.
RESULTS
The total number of palatal rugae and fragmentary rugae was lesser in Group SCD than in Group C (p < 0.05). The depth of the palate was significantly increased, whereas the area of the palate significantly decreased in Group SCD.
CONCLUSIONS
The children with SCD showed distinctive palatal rugae patterns and dimensions when compared with normal healthy children that can be attributed as potential MPAs for sickle cell disease. Children with SCD had an under-developed palatal rugae pattern with a deep, narrow and small palate when compared to healthy children.The dimensions of the palatal rugae pattern in SCD showed reduced distance between the incisive papilla and the first and last rugae, indicating a further decrease in the anteroposterior dimensions of the palate. These findings may aid in the early diagnosis and prevention of malocclusion in children with SCD by appropriate interceptive orthodontic treatment.
PubMed: 38312689
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24363 -
Cureus Jan 2024A healthy gingival structure showcases a knife-edged gingival margin, firmly adherent to the tooth surface, accompanied by a cone-shaped or pointed interdental papilla,...
A healthy gingival structure showcases a knife-edged gingival margin, firmly adherent to the tooth surface, accompanied by a cone-shaped or pointed interdental papilla, mirroring the lowest point in the gingival margin, termed the gingival zenith. Tooth transposition denotes an anomaly in tooth positioning, commonly involving the canine and the first maxillary premolar. It represents a form of ectopic eruption, wherein two adjacent teeth interchange positions within the same quadrant of the dental arch. Laser wavelengths are utilized for precise incision of gingival tissues to address restorative, cosmetic, and periodontal needs. Post-operatively, rapid healing and diminished discomfort are frequently observed, often eliminating the necessity for periodontal packing or sutures. Gingivectomy is the accepted modality for the establishment of esthetics in situations with abnormal gingival contour. This study highlights the use of contemporary technology namely a 940 nm diode laser for correction of gingival zenith to achieve optimal esthetics post orthodontic treatment.
PubMed: 38304687
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51495 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2023The study of palatal rugae forms an important basis of human identification, especially due to mass disasters where routinely used techniques may not be helpful.
CONTEXT
The study of palatal rugae forms an important basis of human identification, especially due to mass disasters where routinely used techniques may not be helpful.
AIMS
This study aimed at evaluating the palatal rugae and incisive papilla on the basis of shape.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
The study was conducted in 280 individuals (males and females) among dental students of Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study included 280 students from Dayananda Sagar College and out-patients from the orthodontics department. Pictures of rugae and the incisive papilla were taken from individuals aged 10-36 using a camera, mirror, and lighting. Two investigators analysed the shape of the rugae and incisive papilla using classification systems by Thomas and Kotze, and Ortman and Tsao, respectively.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
The data were statistically analysed using SPSS 20.0 software, and a significance level of ≤ 0.05 was used.
RESULTS
The results suggested that rugae showing a wavy shape were the most common pattern in both the genders. Significant differences were observed in the curved rugae type between males and females. In incisive papillae evaluation, the pear shape was the most common, with the triangular shape being the least common.
CONCLUSIONS
It can be concluded that evaluation of palatal rugae along with the incisive papilla can be an important tool for identification of an individual and for evaluating various ethnic populations.
PubMed: 38304526
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_281_23 -
Heliyon Jan 2024To evaluate the gingival phenotypes of healthy young adult Pakistanis attending a dental institution.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the gingival phenotypes of healthy young adult Pakistanis attending a dental institution.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study of gingival phenotype, probing depth (PD), papilla height (PH), gingival width (GW), gingival thickness (GT), crown width (CW) and crown length (CL) of maxillary central incisors was conducted in 510 healthy, Pakistani young adults, aged 20-35 years, attending a regional dental hospital in Pakistan. The K-means clustering technique was employed to delineate clusters based on the characteristics of the periodontal phenotypes. The resultant data was compared with the available international findings.
RESULTS
Three quarters (76 %) of the 510 patients examined exhibited a thick gingival phenotype, and the remainder a thin phenotype. The K-means clustering deployed the individual into three different clusters 1, 2 and 3, with varying ratios of PD, GW, CW/CL, with significant variations across the three clusters (p < 0.05). Our data where a vast majority of the cohort exhibited a thick gingival phenotype is comparable to most of the populations sampled in other regions of the world.
CONCLUSION
Taken together the current data, a first for a Pakistani population, indicate that healthy, young adult Pakistanis had differing gingival phenotypes and crown forms, with the thick gingival phenotype predominating. These results are similar to reports from most other regions of the world. However, a larger study with a broader swathe of the Pakistani population is required to derive country specific data on the subject.
PubMed: 38293407
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24219 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024Immediate implant placement (IIP), which preserves gingival height and papilla shape while simultaneously accelerating the implant treatment period, has become a popular...
BACKGROUND
Immediate implant placement (IIP), which preserves gingival height and papilla shape while simultaneously accelerating the implant treatment period, has become a popular method due to its commendable clinical outcomes. Nonetheless, deploying immediate implants demands specific preconditions concerning the remaining alveolar bone. This poses a challenge to the accuracy of implant surgery.
CASE PRESENTATION
In this report, we present the case of a 60-year-old woman with a left upper anterior tooth crown dislodged for over a month. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed the absence of a labial bone wall on tooth 22, a remaining 1 mm bone wall on the labial side of the root apex, and a 17.2 mm*8.9 mm*4.7 mm shadow in the periapical region of the root apices of teeth 21 and 22, with the narrowest width on the sagittal plane being approximately 5 mm. After the surgeon removed the cyst, they completed the subsequent implantation surgery using an autonomous robot in a challenging aesthetic area. This method circumvented the potential exposure of the screw thread on the labial implant surface, assured initial implant stability.
CONCLUSION
Five months after the operation, the dental crown was restored. The implant remained stable, with yielding notable clinical results. To the best of our knowledge, this clinical case is the first to report the feasibility and precision of immediate implantation in anterior teeth site with periapical cyst removal, performed by an autonomous robotic surgical system. Autonomous robots exhibit exceptional accuracy by accurately controlling axial and angular errors. It can improve the accuracy of implant surgery, which may become a key technology for changing implant surgery. However, further clinical trials are still needed to provide a basis for the rapid development of robotic surgery field.
PubMed: 38288274
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1335043 -
Journal of Orthodontic Science 2023Twin-block appliance therapy in patients with Class II Div 1 malocclusion positions the mandible anteroinferior leading to possible alterations in tongue pressure,...
INTRODUCTION
Twin-block appliance therapy in patients with Class II Div 1 malocclusion positions the mandible anteroinferior leading to possible alterations in tongue pressure, tongue length, and the oropharynx.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the changes in tongue pressure, tongue length and dimension of the pharyngeal airway in Class II Division 1 subjects before and after twin-block therapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-four subjects were selected, in the range of 10-14 years (mean-12 years). The tongue pressure was recorded at three regions with sensors placed at the incisive papilla and bilaterally at the molar region of the palate for four minutes. The root mean square (RMS) values were recorded and used for further analysis. Evaluation of tongue length and pharyngeal airway dimension was done using a lateral cephalogram. All the measurements were done before and after twin-block appliance therapy. The paired -test was performed to compare the changes.
RESULTS
Resting tongue pressures decreased from pre-treatment levels to post-treatment at all three regions. Change in ANB angle was found to have a significant negative correlation with tongue length, and pharyngeal airway dimension, a significant positive correlation with pressure at incisive papilla and left molar region and no correlation at right molar region.
CONCLUSION
There was a decrease in resting tongue pressure as the malocclusion was corrected from Class II to Class I. Hence, this decrease in pressure could be a contributory factor in the maintenance of the dental equilibrium as lighter forces exist in the oral cavity.
PubMed: 38234634
DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_44_23