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Frontiers in Dentistry 2024This study assessed the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) and isopropyl alcohol (IA) on immediate and late pushout bond strength (PBS) of fiber posts to dentin. In this in...
This study assessed the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) and isopropyl alcohol (IA) on immediate and late pushout bond strength (PBS) of fiber posts to dentin. In this in vitro study, 54 single-canal premolars were endodontically treated, and randomly assigned to 3 groups (N=18) for root dentin conditioning with distilled water (control), 2% CHX, and 70% IA after post space preparation. Fiber posts were cemented with TheraCem self-adhesive cement, and each group was subdivided into two subgroups (N=9) for PBS measurement immediately after bonding, and after 5000 thermal cycles (5-55°C). The roots were then sectioned, and their PBS was measured. The mode of failure was evaluated under a stereomicroscope at ×40 magnification. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha=0.05). The highest PBS was noted in the IA group (21.12 MPa) after 24 hours and the lowest PBS belonged to the control group after thermocycling (7.48 MPa). The immediate and post-thermocycling PBS were significantly lower in the control group than the CHX group (P<0.05). The PBS in both the control and CHX groups was lower than that in the IA group (P<0.001). Regardless of the type of detergent, a significant reduction in PBS was observed after thermocycling (P<0.003). The PBS significantly decreased from the cervical towards the apical region in all groups (P<0.001). According to the results, application of IA before the self-adhesive cement effectively improved the immediate and late PBS, and was significantly more effective than CHX
PubMed: 38919768
DOI: 10.18502/fid.v21i13.15374 -
Journal of Eating Disorders Jun 2024Eating disorders (EDs) pose a significant risk to health, especially when not diagnosed early. For several years EDs and oral health has been extensively studied, and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Eating disorders (EDs) pose a significant risk to health, especially when not diagnosed early. For several years EDs and oral health has been extensively studied, and now it is quite clear the existence of a correlation between specific oral manifestations and these disorders. While these oral signs could potentially aid early diagnosis of EDs, their identification and the eventual establishment of a correlation is currently heavily limited to the clinician's experience. The present systematic review critically examines existing literature, offering an updated overview of oro-dental manifestations associated with EDs.
METHOD
MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and grey literature were searched, and relevant epidemiological comparative studies were screened using the Rayyan software. No limitations have been imposed on the research regarding oro-dental outcomes, encompassing all medically diagnosed EDs. The quality of the studies was valuated using AXIS appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies.
RESULT
Out of 3990 studies, 32 fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the synthesis. The identified eating disorders include Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and/or Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified, predominantly among female subjects, primarily originating from Europe. The evaluated oro-dental outcomes include dental erosion, caries, saliva assessment, hygiene-periodontal parameters, and mucosal tissue appearance. The association with erosion is confirmed while gingival recession, dentinal hypersensitivity, salivary flow thresholds and aspects relating to oral pathology are receiving increasing support from emerging evidence.
DISCUSSION
This trend emphasizes the critical role of the complete intraoral examination to detect significant oro-dental signs that may indicate the onset of an ED.
PubMed: 38915100
DOI: 10.1186/s40337-024-01050-8 -
Biomedical Reports Aug 2024At low medically-relevant concentrations, ozone serves as an oxidant with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and the ability to promote healing and reduce... (Review)
Review
At low medically-relevant concentrations, ozone serves as an oxidant with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and the ability to promote healing and reduce inflammation. Despite providing therapeutic benefits in a range of diseases, certain adverse effects and contraindications of ozone treatment must be considered. These are primarily related to toxicity from inhalation and systemic types of administration and can be avoided by following relevant guidelines and recommendations. Ozone therapy has been implemented in a number of fields of dentistry and the most commonly used formulations for the oral cavity are gaseous ozone, ozonized water and ozonized oil. The biological mechanisms underlying the molecular effects of ozone have been increasingly reported, but currently remain largely unknown. The aim of the present review was to provide an overview of the mechanisms involved in ozone interaction with dental tissues. The present review focused on relevant evidence regarding the effect of ozone on dental tissues, including periodontal structures, dental cells, enamel and dentine, considering studies in addition to animal and human studies. A variety of biological mechanisms acting through multiple biochemical target pathways were reported to be responsible for the therapeutic effects of ozone. The main beneficial effects of ozone occurred in the following domains: antimicrobial activity, remineralization and microstructural changes of hard dental tissues, immunomodulation and biostimulation of dental and periodontal cells. Additional research could provide further insights into the use of ozone, increase its use for broader clinical applications and assist in the selection of targeted protocols.
PubMed: 38912169
DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1803 -
Cureus Jun 2024The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the potential remineralization of enamel and dentine erosion lesions after the application of five different...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the potential remineralization of enamel and dentine erosion lesions after the application of five different toothpastes.
METHODOLOGY
A total of 104 enamel and dentine samples were prepared from maxillary third molars. Each group was divided according to the toothpaste application mode (topical = 56; brushing = 48) and the toothpaste used seven topical groups and six brushing groups (n = 8). The groups included negative control (NC), positive control (PC), Sensodyne Pronamel (SP), Regenerate (R), Regenerate with boosting serum (R+), Colgate Duraphat 5000 (CD), and tooth mousse (TM).
RESULTS
The statistical analysis showed significant surface microhardness (SMH) change. All enamel groups showed a significant decrease in SMH compared to NC for both application modes. However, no significance was recorded between test groups. Similar results were observed between dentine groups and their relevant controls for both application modes, except brushed R and R+ groups, which were insignificant to their NC. For topical groups, TM showed a significant increase in SMH. While R and R+ showed lower loss than SP and CD.
CONCLUSIONS
All tested agents offered a degree of remineralization in both enamel and dentine with no significant difference between agents in enamel groups while R, R+, and TM offered better results in dentine groups.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
For dentine groups, similar findings were observed with superior tooth surface protection with the application of TM over other agents. Tooth surface remineralization was achieved when agents were either applied topically or brushed over the surface.
PubMed: 38912082
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62921 -
Cureus Jun 2024Root canal treatment (RCT) involves cleaning and shaping of the root canal system before filling the canals with obturating materials, often gutta-percha (GP). The two... (Review)
Review
Root canal treatment (RCT) involves cleaning and shaping of the root canal system before filling the canals with obturating materials, often gutta-percha (GP). The two primary obturation techniques are the thermogenic (warm vertical compaction, WVC) and hydraulic (single cone, SC) techniques. The objective of this study is to compare the clinical results and effectiveness of thermogenic and hydraulic obturation procedures in endodontic therapy to provide clinicians with evidence-based recommendations. Search strategies were conducted on February 01, 2024 and involved the databases Web of Science, PUBMED, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, Embase, NCBI, and Cochrane Library. The current systematic review included systematic reviews; meta-analyses; cohort studies; randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies; studies involving the comparison between single cone and warm compaction techniques; studies involving outcomes that include advantages, disadvantages, and complications associated with single cone or warm compaction techniques; and studies published within the last seven years. The selected studies were restricted to those with insufficient data, review articles without authentic references, publications in a language other than English, animal studies, and studies not involving SC or WVC. Out of 2300 studies registered, only 12 studies were included in the review. Both WVC and SC techniques showed satisfactory root canal fillings. However, five studies showed differences in the filling quality, four studies assessed the sealing ability and the dentinal tubule penetration of sealers, one study compared dentinal cracks, one study evaluated the amount of debris excluded apically, and one study compared the post-operative pain while using both techniques. The WVC and SC obturation techniques offer advantages and disadvantages in endodontic treatment. SC obturation is a simple and efficient procedure that is particularly suitable for situations with uncomplicated canal structures. The WVC obturation approach provides superior flexibility and sealing capability, especially in the complex root canal system. When choosing the method of treatment, it is important to take into account the patient's preferences, the clinician's experience, and unique considerations related to the situation. This systematic review highlights the important recommendations to healthcare professionals in selecting the most suitable obturation procedure based on the specific requirements of each clinical scenario. Research involving long-term follow-ups is required to get a better understanding of the outcomes of long-term goals. Clinical relevance: ability to educate clinicians regarding the best obturation technique between thermogenic and hydraulic. It directs the treatment decisions to maximize patient's comfort, minimize post-operative complications, and improve efficacy in endodontic practice.
PubMed: 38912073
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62925 -
Cureus May 2024Dental materials with dentine regenerative properties are preferred over conventional materials. Calcium silicate cements, such as Biodentine, are bioactive and offer...
BACKGROUND
Dental materials with dentine regenerative properties are preferred over conventional materials. Calcium silicate cements, such as Biodentine, are bioactive and offer excellent sealing ability, making them ideal for various dental treatments.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to fabricate bioactive calcium silicates infused with titanium (Ti) and strontium (Sr) to optimize their neo-angiogenic, antimicrobial, and regenerative properties while maintaining mechanical stability.
METHODOLOGY
Ti- and Sr-infused calcium silicate cements were synthesized, and their mineral phases were characterized using X-ray diffraction. Morphological and elemental analyses were performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm the formation of bioactive material. A hemocompatibility assessment was conducted to evaluate blood compatibility.
RESULTS
The presence of Ca, SiO, and SrTiO mineral phases indicated the successful infusion of Ti and Sr into the calcium silicate cement. FESEM and EDS revealed interconnected small spheres and rods in the silicate network with the relevant elemental compositions. Raman spectra verified that Si-O-Si and Ti-O-Ti vibrations exist, validating the formation of a bioactive material. The hemocompatibility assessment demonstrated optimal blood compatibility.
CONCLUSIONS
This study successfully fabricated an improved calcium silicate-based material with enhanced regenerative properties and excellent biocompatibility. This newly formed substrate holds promise for providing superior restorative solutions and aiding in conservative treatment modalities during dental procedures.
PubMed: 38910673
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60863 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Jun 2024Silicon-releasing biomaterials are widely used in the field of dentistry. However, unlike bone, very little is known about the role of silicon on dental tissue formation...
OBJECTIVES
Silicon-releasing biomaterials are widely used in the field of dentistry. However, unlike bone, very little is known about the role of silicon on dental tissue formation and repair. This study investigates the influence of silicic acid on the survival, differentiation and mineralizing ability of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in 3D pulp-like environments METHODS: Dense type I collagen hydrogels seeded with hDPSCs were cultured over 4 weeks in the presence of silicic acid at physiological (10 μM) and supraphysiological (100 μM) concentrations. Cell viability and proliferation were studied by Alamar Blue and live/dead staining. The collagen network was investigated using second harmonic generation imaging. Mineral deposition was monitored by histology and scanning electron microscopy. Gene expression of mineralization- and matrix remodeling-associated proteins was studied by qPCR.
RESULTS
Presence of silicic acid did not show any significant influence on cell survival, metabolic activity and gene expression of key mineralization-related proteins (ALP, OCN, BSP). However, it induced enhanced cell clustering and delayed expression of matrix remodeling-associated proteins (MMP13, Col I). OPN expression and mineral deposition were inhibited at 100 μM. It could be inferred that silicic acid has no direct cellular effect but rather interacts with the collagen network, leading to a modification of the cell-matrix interface.
SIGNIFICANCE
Our results offer advanced insights on the possible role of silicic acid, as released by pulp capping calcium silicates biomaterials, in reparative dentine formation. More globally, these results interrogate the possible role of Si in pulp pathophysiology.
PubMed: 38908960
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.06.021 -
JMIRx Med Jun 2024Information about the range of Hounsfield values for healthy teeth tissues could become an additional tool in assessing dental health and could be used, among other...
BACKGROUND
Information about the range of Hounsfield values for healthy teeth tissues could become an additional tool in assessing dental health and could be used, among other data, for subsequent machine learning.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of our study was to determine dental tissue densities in Hounsfield units (HU).
METHODS
The total sample included 36 healthy children (n=21, 58% girls and n=15, 42% boys) aged 10-11 years at the time of the study. The densities of 320 teeth tissues were analyzed. Data were expressed as means and SDs. The significance was determined using the Student (1-tailed) t test. The statistical significance was set at P<.05.
RESULTS
The densities of 320 teeth tissues were analyzed: 72 (22.5%) first permanent molars, 72 (22.5%) permanent central incisors, 27 (8.4%) second primary molars, 40 (12.5%) tooth germs of second premolars, 37 (11.6%) second premolars, 9 (2.8%) second permanent molars, and 63 (19.7%) tooth germs of second permanent molars. The analysis of the data showed that tissues of healthy teeth in children have different density ranges: enamel, from mean 2954.69 (SD 223.77) HU to mean 2071.00 (SD 222.86) HU; dentin, from mean 1899.23 (SD 145.94) HU to mean 1323.10 (SD 201.67) HU; and pulp, from mean 420.29 (SD 196.47) HU to mean 183.63 (SD 97.59) HU. The tissues (enamel and dentin) of permanent central incisors in the mandible and maxilla had the highest mean densities. No gender differences concerning the density of dental tissues were reliably identified.
CONCLUSIONS
The evaluation of Hounsfield values for dental tissues can be used as an objective method for assessing their densities. If the determined densities of the enamel, dentin, and pulp of the tooth do not correspond to the range of values for healthy tooth tissues, then it may indicate a pathology.
PubMed: 38904484
DOI: 10.2196/56759 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2024This study aimed to evaluate the impact of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using two photosensitizers, methylene blue and indocyanine green, on the microtensile bond strength...
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using two photosensitizers, methylene blue and indocyanine green, on the microtensile bond strength of a universal adhesive to caries-affected dentin.
METHODS
The occlusal enamel of 60 third molars was cut to expose the inner one-third of the dentin. Artificial caries were induced through a pH cycling process. The samples were divided into three groups: M (Methylene blue+ diode laser), I (Indocyanine green agents+ diode laser irradiation), and control. Each group was further divided into two subgroups according to the adhesive protocol (self-etch, total-etch). After restoring with Gradia composite resin, teeth were sectioned and exposed to 5000 thermal cycles. Microtensile bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. The data were subjected to two- and one-way ANOVA and paired comparisons were performed by the Tamhane and Tukey tests.
RESULTS
The study found significant effects of the photosensitizer, etching pattern, and their interactions on the microtensile bond strength of composite resin to caries-affected dentin (P < 0.001). In the self-etching mode, PDT with indocyanine green exhibited significantly higher bond strength values compared to PDT with methylene blue (P = 0.001) and the control groups (P < 0.001). However, no significant differences were observed in the total-etch mode. (P = 0.54).
CONCLUSIONS
The etching mode played a more significant role in the bond strength when using the universal adhesive alongside PDT with methylene blue and indocyanine green. Employing two photosensitizers in PDT during the self-etch mode significantly increased the bond strength values.
PubMed: 38897530
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104249 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia... 2024Bariatric surgery can cause oral health problems in individuals, such as an increase in dental caries, periodontal diseases and dental erosion, which can be avoided if... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Bariatric surgery can cause oral health problems in individuals, such as an increase in dental caries, periodontal diseases and dental erosion, which can be avoided if oral health promotion actions are implemented.
AIMS
To assess the impact of an oral health promotion program implemented among gastroplasty patients.
METHODS
This randomized clinical trial involved 208 patients undergoing gastroplasty; they were divided into two groups: Intervention Group, with participation in the Oral Health Promotion Program for Bariatric Patients, or Control Group. Assessments were carried out preoperatively, and six and 12 months postoperatively. The oral conditions assessed were: dental caries, periodontal diseases, tooth wear, dental plaque, and salivary flow. Sociodemographic information was obtained through application of structured questionnaires. For data analysis, the Chi-Square, Fisher's Exact, and Mann-Whitney tests were performed - α=5%.
RESULTS
Patients in the Intervention Group, when compared to those in the Control Group, presented: fewer changes in enamel (6M: p<0.0001; 12M: p=0.001), in dentin (6M: p<0.0001; 12M: p<0.0001), moderate tooth wear (6M=0.002; 12M=0.005), gingival bleeding (6M: p<0.0001), dental calculus (6M=0.002; 12M: p=0.03), periodontal pocket 4-5 mm (6M=0.001; 12M: p=<0.0001); greater reduction in the bacterial plaque index (6M: p<0.0001; 12M: p<0.0001), and increased salivary flow (6M: p=0.019).
CONCLUSIONS
The oral health promotion program had a positive impact on the prevention and control of the main problems to the oral health of the gastroplasty patients.
Topics: Humans; Male; Oral Health; Female; Gastroplasty; Middle Aged; Adult; Health Promotion
PubMed: 38896700
DOI: 10.1590/0102-6720202400011e1804