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Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024The electrochemical dissolution method of instrument retrieval emphasizes on the dissolution of the instrument rather than sacrificing dentine. Most of the studies...
OBJECTIVE
The electrochemical dissolution method of instrument retrieval emphasizes on the dissolution of the instrument rather than sacrificing dentine. Most of the studies conducted for electrochemical dissolution used fluoride-containing electrolytes and were performed inside a beaker. In this study, we used chloride-based fluids as electrolytes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty extracted mandibular first premolars were divided into five groups based on the electrolytes used. Canals were enlarged to ProTaper Universal F2, and files were intentionally broken inside the canal. These specimens were subjected to electrochemical characterization by applying the potential of 9V for 20 min. Optical images were taken to assess the change in surface topography. The results were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance (analysis of variance [ANOVA]).
RESULTS
The rate of dissolution based on the electrolyte used decreased in the following order, viz. Tyrode's solution>artificial saliva>normal saline>Ringer's lactate/physiological serum.
CONCLUSION
Apart from fluoride, chloride-based electrolytes could be an efficient alternative.
PubMed: 38882790
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1225_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Bioactivity refers to the ability of a material to interact with living organisms or biological systems in a way that elicits a specific response. In the context of...
BACKGROUND
Bioactivity refers to the ability of a material to interact with living organisms or biological systems in a way that elicits a specific response. In the context of materials science and medicine, bioactivity is particularly important because it can determine the suitability of material for various applications.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate and compare different commercially available calcium silicate-based materials regarding: 1. Morphological and elemental analysis at the dentin/material interface. 2. Calcium and silicon release and uptake by adjacent root canal dentine by evaluating the calcium and silicon incorporation depth in adjacent root canal dentin.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study examined four calcium silicate-based cements: Biodentine, MTA Angelus, BioAggregate, and MTA Plus. One hundred extracted human teeth with intact apices and no cavities were selected. Root sections measuring 3 mm in length were created at the mid-root level using low-speed diamond discs. Bioactivity was evaluated at 1, 7, 30, and 90 days, respectively.
RESULTS
The principal composition of the interfacial dentine layer and incorporation of calcium and silicon into dentine was measured at 1, 7, 30, and 90 days. Statistical analysis was performed by multiple comparisons using Tukey HSD.
CONCLUSION
All the materials have shown bioactivity, i.e. release of calcium, silicon, and their uptake in the adjacent dentin in the presence of phosphate-buffered saline.
PubMed: 38882788
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_959_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024To assess and contrast the depth of penetration of conventional calcium hydroxide, nanoparticle calcium hydroxide, silver nanoparticles, and combination of nanoparticle...
BACKGROUND
To assess and contrast the depth of penetration of conventional calcium hydroxide, nanoparticle calcium hydroxide, silver nanoparticles, and combination of nanoparticle calcium hydroxide and silver nanoparticles into dentinal tubules using confocal laser scanning microscope.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eighty human single-rooted teeth were decoronated and instrumented up to Protaper Universal F3. Teeth were separated into four groups at random ( = 20) following chemomechanical preparation. Group 1: Control Conventional Calcium Hydroxide; Group 2: Nanoparticle Calcium Hydroxide; group 3: Silver Nanoparticles; group 4: Combination of Nanoparticle Calcium Hydroxide and Silver Nanoparticles. With the use of lentulo spirals, medications were injected into the canals, stirred up with ultrasound, and then kept at 37°C for 24 hours. A 1 mm thick slice was obtained at 5 mm from the root apex by sectioning the root perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth and then put on a glass slide to measure the depth of penetration using a confocal laser microscope.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
To quantify the depth of penetration among the four groups, a one-way ANOVA was used and post hoc-Tukey's test was used to compare between groups.
RESULTS
All of the groups were statistically significant, with group 4 showing the greatest depth of penetration, followed by group 2 and group 3. In contrast, all other groups in the intergroup comparison were statistically significant ( value 0.05) aside from the comparison of group 2 to group 3.
CONCLUSION
Silver nanoparticles and nanoparticle calcium hydroxide together demonstrated greater penetration than calcium hydroxide, silver nanoparticles, and nanoparticle calcium hydroxide alone.
PubMed: 38882763
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_942_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024To assess clinically and histologically the efficacy of TheraCal LC and Biodentine as Direct Pulp Capping agents.
AIM
To assess clinically and histologically the efficacy of TheraCal LC and Biodentine as Direct Pulp Capping agents.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Sixty caries-free maxillary first premolar teeth which were scheduled for orthodontic extraction were selected for the study and were divided equally into Group 1 (Theracal LC) and Group 2 (Biodentine). Thermal and electric pulp testing was performed on the teeth to assess pulp vitality followed by tooth preparation to expose pulp horns under local anesthesia. After achieving hemostasis, the direct pulp capping agent was placed and composite restoration was done. All the teeth were evaluated and compared in terms of clinical and histological findings after 6 weeks. The statistical analysis used was the Kruskal-Wallis test.
RESULTS
Teeth with Theracal LC showed no sensitivity to heat, cold, or percussion, whereas sensitivity to heat, cold, or percussion was noted with Biodentine. Histological evaluation revealed that TheraCal LC has higher efficiency in complete dentin bridge formation, had maximum dentin thickness, and showed minimal or no pulpal disorganization and pulpal inflammation as compared to Biodentine.
CONCLUSION
TheraCal LC proves to be a promising future as a direct pulp capping agent.
PubMed: 38882760
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_805_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Apical microleakage is considered to be a common reason for the clinical failure of endodontic therapy. Three dimensional sealing of the root canal is one of the main...
BACKGROUND
Apical microleakage is considered to be a common reason for the clinical failure of endodontic therapy. Three dimensional sealing of the root canal is one of the main goals of endodontic treatment and is essential for preventing reinfection of the canal and for preserving the health of the periapical tissues, Recently Epoxy resin sealers have been used because of their reduced solubility apical seal and micro-retention to root dentine.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
This in vitro study was done to evaluate and compare the apical sealability of AH Plus and RealSeal SE using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite with 17% EDTA and 10% citric acid as irrigants. Materials and methods: 44 single-rooted premolars were selected and the teeth are randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10) and 2 control groups (n=2). The extent of dye penetration, from the apical to the coronal part of the root canal, was assessed using a stereomicroscope at 10x magnification for all groups.One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed to compare statistically significant differences among the groups, using SPSS software version 10.0.
RESULTS
Group IV (Citric acid + RealSeal SE) showed a statistically lower mean microleakage when compared to all other groups.
CONCLUSION
From, the present study, it was concluded that, RealSeal SE sealer with 10% citric acid as irrigant (group IV) showed better apical sealability followed by RealSeal SE sealer with 17% EDTA as irrigant (group III), when compared to AH Plus groups which showed least sealability.
PubMed: 38882731
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1122_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern and distribution of traumatic injuries to primary and permanent anterior teeth in 2-14-year-old pediatric dental...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern and distribution of traumatic injuries to primary and permanent anterior teeth in 2-14-year-old pediatric dental patients in AlHassa region of Saudi Arabia.
METHODS
The study sample consisted of pediatric dental patients visiting the university dental complex seeking treatment for traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) during the period from February 2022 to April 2023. Data were collected by means of interviewing the children and/or parents regarding the history of trauma and clinical examination for evidence of dental trauma to primary and permanent teeth.
RESULTS
A total of 122 children (184 teeth) including 78 (63.9%) boys and 44 (36.1%) girls sustained traumatic injuries to their teeth. The most common reason for dental trauma was falls, and maxillary right central incisor was the most frequently affected permanent teeth. Enamel-dentine fractures in permanent teeth and luxation injuries among primary teeth were predominantly noted. Majority of the injuries (47.5%) have been found to have not received timely attention for treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Early treatment of dental trauma should be emphasized, and preventive strategies targeted at parents and teachers at the community level are needed to promote and reduce the burden of TDIs.
PubMed: 38882723
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1150_23 -
Journal of Dental Research, Dental... 2024This study assessed the impact of chelating agents, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 10% citric acid (CA), and 18% etidronic acid (HEDP), on root dentin...
Effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, citric acid, and etidronic acid on root dentin mineral content and bond strength of a bioceramic-based sealer: A scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy study.
BACKGROUND
This study assessed the impact of chelating agents, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 10% citric acid (CA), and 18% etidronic acid (HEDP), on root dentin mineral content. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was applied to analyze changes, and the push-out bond strength test was used to measure dentin adhesion of Well-Root ST, a bioceramic root canal sealer.
METHODS
A total of 80 extracted single-rooted lower premolar teeth were included in this study and randomly divided into four groups (n=20): group 1 (17% EDTA), group 2 (10% CA), group 3 (18% HEDP), and group 4 (distilled water, control). After irrigation and drying, SEM-EDS was applied to analyze eight samples from each group at coronal, middle, and apical root regions for mineral content and SEM images. The remaining 12 samples underwent a push-out bond strength test using Well-Root ST sealer and gutta-percha. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests were used for statistical analyses.
RESULTS
Statistically significant differences were found between groups (<0.05). SEM-EDS showed significant differences in C, O, Ca, P, and Ca/P content, with no significant differences in Na and Mg. Push-out bond strength was significantly higher in the 17% EDTA, 10% CA, and 18% HEDP groups compared to the control group, with no significant differences between chelating agents.
CONCLUSION
Chelating agents altered root dentin mineral content and improved the adhesive properties of the bioceramic sealer. These findings highlight the importance of considering the selection and use of chelating agents in the clinical practice for root canal treatment.
PubMed: 38881645
DOI: 10.34172/joddd.40798 -
PloS One 2024In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of various chelating agents, ethilenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA), and etidronic acid (HEDP)...
INTRODUCTION
In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of various chelating agents, ethilenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA), and etidronic acid (HEDP) mixed in two different forms, in removing the smear layer and promoting the penetration of an endodontic sealer into the dentinal tubules of extracted single-rooted teeth.
METHODS
The study used 75 teeth divided into five groups: 17% EDTA, 10% CA, 9% HEDP + NaOCl, 9% HEDP + distilled water (DW), and a control (DW) group. Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess smear layer removal and confocal laser microscopy was used to evaluate tubular sealer penetration at different depths from the apical tip.
RESULTS
Sealer penetration was highest with 17% EDTA and 10% CA as compared with the other agents (p<0.001). At the cervical third, the sealer penetration for EDTA, HEDP + NaOCl, and HEDP + DW groups were significantly different than those in DW (p = 0.020). For the middle third, EDTA, CA, and HEDP + NaOCl groups were significantly higher than those of the DW group (p<0.001). Cervical-level values were significantly higher than apical-level values for HEDP + NaOCl, HEDP + DW, and DW (p<0.001). Smear layer removal was lower with 9% HEDP + DW than with 17% EDTA and 10% CA at all depths (p<0.001). A significancy in smear layer removal was observed between 10% CA and control (p = 0.015) in middle depth.
CONCLUSION
Within the limitations of this study, highest values were seen in EDTA and CA in terms of sealer penetration and smear layer removal. In the light of these findings, the use of strong chelating agents highlights better clinical efficiency than dual-rinse or single HEDP irrigation.
Topics: Humans; Chelating Agents; Root Canal Filling Materials; Edetic Acid; Smear Layer; Citric Acid; Root Canal Irrigants; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Dentin
PubMed: 38875249
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303377 -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2024Children with special health care needs including Down Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Down Syndrome experience difficulties in receiving dental treatment. Silver...
BACKGROUND
Children with special health care needs including Down Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Down Syndrome experience difficulties in receiving dental treatment. Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and Silver Fluoride (SF) are a minimally invasive treatments options to arrest dental caries without sedation; local or general anaesthesia (GA).
AIM
Evaluation of Brazilian's parents' acceptance of the use of SF in CSHCN.
METHODS
After receiving education on SF, 100 Parents of CSHCN completed a questionnaire concerning their acceptance of SF, in different dental situation.
RESULT
Majority of parents (74,5%) agreed to the use of SF for their children. SF was more acceptable on posterior teeth (74,5%) when compared to its use on anterior teeth (43,1%). Parents accepted to use SF in order: to reduce infection and pain (82,4%); to avoid dental injection (72,5%) and treatment under GA (84,3%). The Majority of parents accepted the properties of SF (82,4%) and Silver (80,4%).
CONCLUSION
Silver Fluoride was accepted as a treatment option for caries, by Brazilian parents of CSHCN. SF should be considered as a treatment option for caries limited to dentine for CSHCN, taking into consideration the individual needs and opinions with regard to aesthetics and exposure to fluoride and silver.
PubMed: 38872987
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1377949 -
Cureus May 2024The adhesive strength of sealers to dentin is influenced by various factors, and the presence of a smear layer is among the critical variables. Chitosan, known for its...
BACKGROUND
The adhesive strength of sealers to dentin is influenced by various factors, and the presence of a smear layer is among the critical variables. Chitosan, known for its dentin compatibility, has previously demonstrated a reduction in dentin change and resin sealer bond strength comparable to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) when used as an irrigant and final rinse. The study investigates the impact of chitosan, used as both a lubricating gel and final rinse, on the push-out bond strength of resin sealer.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Forty single-rooted premolar teeth, each with a fully formed root and a single root canal, were collected post-extraction. During canal preparation, 1 ml sodium hypochlorite (3%) was used for irrigation at every change of instrument, followed by applying specific chelating gel and final rinse for each experimental group. The groups included: Group 1 (17% EDTA chelating gel, final rinse with saline), Group 2 (17% EDTA chelating gel, final rinse with 17% EDTA solution), Group 3 (chitosan chelating gel, final rinse with saline solution), and Group 4 (chitosan chelating gel, final rinse with 0.2% chitosan solution), 10 specimens in each group. After obturation, specimens were sealed and incubated for a week at 37°C with 100% humidity. The universal testing machine was used for push-out tests, and specimens were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to identify various types of bond failure.
RESULTS
Among the four groups, Group 2 exhibited the highest mean push-out bond strength (7.33 ± 0.26 MPa), followed by Group 4 (5.33 ± 0.25 MPa), Group 1 (4.61 ± 0.30 MPa), and Group 3 (2.94 ± 0.32 MPa). The variations in bond strength suggest a notable impact of the chelating agents and final rinse solutions on the resin sealer's interaction with dentin.
CONCLUSION
The study concludes that the use of EDTA as both a lubricating gel and a final rinse significantly enhances push-out bond strength, outperforming chitosan in this study. Groups with saline as the final rinse (Group 1 and Group 3) exhibited the least bond strength, highlighting the importance of the final rinse in root canal therapy.
PubMed: 38872650
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60143