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Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Jun 2024To analyze the natural history of EFEMP1-associated autosomal dominant drusen (ADD). (Observational Study)
Observational Study
PURPOSE
To analyze the natural history of EFEMP1-associated autosomal dominant drusen (ADD).
METHODS
In this retrospective observational study of molecularly confirmed patients with ADD, data and retinal imaging were extracted from an in-house database. The main outcome measurements were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refraction, and retinal imaging, including quantitative analyses of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness and pigmented epithelium detachment area, as well as qualitative analyses.
RESULTS
The study included 44 patients (34 females and 10 males). The mean ± SD age of symptom onset was 40.1 ± 6.59 years of age (range, 25-52). Fourteen patients were asymptomatic during their entire follow-up. The most common symptoms at presentation were reduced vision (70%) and distortion in central vision (53%). Most subjects were emmetropic. The mean BCVA (logMAR) at baseline was 0.27 ± 0.41 (range, -0.1 to 2.1) in right eyes and was 0.19 ± 0.32 (range, -0.2 to 1.3) in left eyes. After a mean follow-up of 7.9 years, BCVA was reduced to 0.59 ± 0.66 (range, -0.1 to 2.1) in right eyes and 0.5 ± 0.72 (range, -0.1 to 2.4) in left eyes, values that were significantly different than baseline (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0014, respectively). Fifteen eyes showed active or inactive choroidal neovascularization (CNV). BCVA differed significantly (P = 0.0004) between eyes with and without CNV at a comparable mean age. The ONL had a slow rate of thinning longitudinally, which significantly correlated with BCVA.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the late onset and relatively good prognosis of ADD, CNVs are more frequent than previously reported and are associated with a worse prognosis. Further research is necessary to elucidate gender associations.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Retrospective Studies; Adult; Middle Aged; Visual Acuity; Follow-Up Studies; Retinal Drusen; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Refraction, Ocular
PubMed: 38899960
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.31 -
Cureus May 2024A 12-year-old boy with underlying severeand poorly controlled atopic dermatitis (AD) associated with atopic conjunctivitis and rhinitis presented with a right...
A 12-year-old boy with underlying severeand poorly controlled atopic dermatitis (AD) associated with atopic conjunctivitis and rhinitis presented with a right painless blurring of vision for two weeks. On examination, his right eye visual acuity was 1/60,with grade 1 relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD). Anterior segment examination revealed anterior uveitis with dense posterior subcapsular cataract and hazy fundus view. B-scan ultrasound suggested a shallow total retinal detachment. Intraoperatively, a large retinal dialysis was found. This paper highlights the need for a high index of suspicion of retinal dialysis in a child with underlying AD and the importance of good control of this systemic condition to prevent ocular morbidity.
PubMed: 38899264
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60660 -
Journal of Ophthalmology 2024Ocular trauma is a common cause of permanent vision loss in adults. The combination of an accurate clinical examination and imaging offers the best prognostic indicators...
INTRODUCTION
Ocular trauma is a common cause of permanent vision loss in adults. The combination of an accurate clinical examination and imaging offers the best prognostic indicators for patients and helps to navigate treatment modalities. This is a retrospective chart review of examination and imaging findings for ocular trauma and how they correlate with treatment course and visual acuity (VA) outcomes.
METHODS
Adult patients with ocular trauma presenting to a single institution between January 2013 and December 2020 were evaluated. Initial examination and imaging findings were compared for associations with each other and with VA outcomes.
RESULTS
136 ocular traumas on 134 patients were included. The median presenting logMAR VA was 2.7 (interquartile range (IQR) 1.2-3.7) with 62% open globe injuries. The most commonly reported finding on initial CT scan was globe deformity (30%), on B-scan was choroidal detachment (20%), and on ultrasound biomicroscopy was intraocular foreign body, ciliochoroidal effusions, or angle recession (21% each). Worse vision was observed for patients positive for retinal detachment on initial B-scan compared to those negative for this finding at 6-month (median logMAR 2.7 vs. 0.5; < 0.0001) and at final post-injury evaluation (median logMAR 3.7 vs. 0.4; < 0.0001). Similarly, worse VA was observed for patients with choroidal detachment on initial B-scan compared to those without this finding at 6-month (median logMAR 1.4 vs. 0.5; = 0.002) and at final post-injury evaluation (median logMAR 2.0 vs. 0.4; < 0.0001). If positive conjunctiva/sclera examination findings were identified, 66% had positive findings on B-scan, whereas if the conjunctiva/sclera examination findings were absent, 41% had positive findings on B-scan ( = 0.005). If anterior chamber (AC) examination findings were positive, 59% had positive findings on B-scan, whereas if the AC examination findings were absent, 37% had positive findings on B-scan ( = 0.03). . The predictive value of examination findings in this study may offer insight as to long-term visual prognosis. Positive B-scan or CT findings should increase suspicion for open globe injuries.
PubMed: 38899051
DOI: 10.1155/2024/8871776 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Ultrasound (US) has gained popularity as a guidance modality for percutaneous needle insertions because it is widely available and non-ionizing. However, coordinating...
Ultrasound (US) has gained popularity as a guidance modality for percutaneous needle insertions because it is widely available and non-ionizing. However, coordinating scanning and needle insertion still requires significant experience. Current assistance solutions utilize optical or electromagnetic tracking (EMT) technology directly integrated into the US device or probe. This results in specialized devices or introduces additional hardware, limiting the ergonomics of both the scanning and insertion process. We developed the first ultrasound (US) navigation solution designed to be used as a non-permanent accessory for existing US devices while maintaining the ergonomics during the scanning process. A miniaturized EMT source is reversibly attached to the US probe, temporarily creating a combined modality that provides real-time anatomical imaging and instrument tracking at the same time. Studies performed with 11 clinical operators show that the proposed navigation solution can guide needle insertions with a targeting accuracy of about 5 mm, which is comparable to existing approaches and unaffected by repeated attachment and detachment of the miniaturized tracking solution. The assistance proved particularly helpful for non-expert users and needle insertions performed outside of the US plane. The small size and reversible attachability of the proposed navigation solution promises streamlined integration into the clinical workflow and widespread access to US navigated punctures.
Topics: Humans; Electromagnetic Phenomena; Needles; Ultrasonography, Interventional; Miniaturization; Equipment Design; Phantoms, Imaging
PubMed: 38898086
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64530-6 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that cancer progression is under mitochondrial control. Mitochondrial fission plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of...
Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that cancer progression is under mitochondrial control. Mitochondrial fission plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of cancer cell homeostasis. The inhibition of DRP1, the main regulator of mitochondrial fission, with the mitochondrial division inhibitor (mdivi-1) had been associated with cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutics and decrease proliferation. Here, using breast cancer cells we find that mdivi-1 induces the detachment of the cells, leading to a bulk of floating cells that conserved their viability. Despite a decrease in their proliferative and clonogenic capabilities, these floating cells maintain the capacity to re-adhere upon re-seeding and retain their migratory and invasive potential. Interestingly, the cell detachment induced by mdivi-1 is independent of DRP1 but relies on inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Furthermore, mdivi-1 induces cell detachment rely on glucose and the pentose phosphate pathway. Our data evidence a novel DRP1-independent effect of mdivi-1 in the attachment of cancer cells. The generation of floating viable cells restricts the use of mdivi-1 as a therapeutic agent and demonstrates that mdivi-1 effect on cancer cells are more complex than anticipated.
Topics: Humans; Dynamins; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Extracellular Matrix; Cell Line, Tumor; Quinazolinones; Mitochondrial Dynamics; Cell Adhesion; Cell Movement; Cell Survival; Cell Proliferation; Mitochondria
PubMed: 38898058
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64228-9 -
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology : KJO Jun 2024To Investigate the prognostic factors for recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) following silicone oil removal.
PURPOSE
To Investigate the prognostic factors for recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) following silicone oil removal.
METHODS
This retrospective review included 147 consecutive patients with RRD treated with silicone-oil tamponade at a high-volume referral-based tertiary hospital between January 2012 and May 2022. All patients underwent follow-up for a minimum of 6 months after subsequent silicone oil removal. The primary outcome measure was the rate of recurrent retinal detachment following silicone oil removal, and the secondary outcome was best-corrected visual acuity after silicone oil removal.
RESULTS
The mean silicone oil tamponade duration was 4.7 5.01 months (range: 1-38 months; median: 3 months), and the recurrent retinal detachment rate after silicone oil removal was 15.6%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that argon endolaser photocoagulation during silicone oil removal (odds ratio [OR]: 0.31;95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.106-0.898; p = 0.031) was associated with a lower rate of anatomical success after silicone oil removal. Demographics, preoperative ocular characteristics, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, previous scleral encircling or buckling, previous retinectomy, concomitant phacoemulsification, duration of silicone-oil tamponade, and gas tamponade after silicone oil removal were not significantly associated with recurrent retinal redetachment r after silicone oil removal. Duration of silicone-oil tamponade (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.07-1.40; p = 0.003) and recurrent retinal detachment after silicone oil removal (OR, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.31-8.82; p = 0.012) were associated with poor visual outcomes after silicone oil removal.
CONCLUSIONS
Among all factors examined in this study, including the duration of silicone-oil tamponade, laser retinopexy was the only significant prognostic factor for recurrent retinal detachment after silicone oil removal. A longer duration of silicone oil tamponade was associated with worse visual outcomes and a lower rate of visual improvement after silicone oil removal.
PubMed: 38897593
DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2024.0011 -
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology : KJO Jun 2024
PubMed: 38897592
DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2024.0005 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Jun 2024Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) plays an important role in the field of gene therapy and viral vaccines, especially as an oncolytic virus. However, the mass...
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) plays an important role in the field of gene therapy and viral vaccines, especially as an oncolytic virus. However, the mass production of HSV-1 viral vectors remains a challenge in the industry. In this study, a microcarrier-mediated serum-reduced medium culture was used to improve the bioprocess of HSV-1 production and increase HSV-1 yields. The composition of the culture media, which included a basal medium, serum concentration, and glutamine additive, was optimized. The process was successfully conducted in a 1 L bioreactor, and virus production was threefold greater than that of conventional processes with a 10% serum medium. The bead-to-bead transfer process was also developed to further increase scalability. In spinner flasks, the detachment rate increased from 49.4 to 80.6% when combined agitation was performed during digestion; the overall recovery proportion increased from 37.9 to 71.1% after the operational steps were optimized. Specifically, microcarrier loss was reduced during aspiration and transfer, and microcarriers and detached cells were separated with filters. Comparable cell growth was achieved with the baseline process using 2D culture as the inoculum by exchanging the subculture medium. To increase virus production after bead-to-bead transfer, critical parameters, including shear stress during digestion, TrypLE and EDTA concentrations in the subculture, and the CCI, were identified from 47 parameters via correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The optimized bead-to-bead transfer process achieved an average of 90.4% overall recovery and comparable virus production compared to that of the baseline process. This study is the first to report the optimization of HSV-1 production in Vero cells cultured on microcarriers in serum-reduced medium after bead-to-bead transfer. KEY POINTS: • An HSV-1 production process was developed that involves culturing in serum-reduced medium, and this process achieved threefold greater virus production than that of traditional processes. • An indirect bead-to-bead transfer process was developed with over 90% recovery yield in bioreactors. • HSV-1 production after bead-to-bead transfer was optimized and was comparable to that achieved with 2D culture as inoculum.
Topics: Herpesvirus 1, Human; Bioreactors; Culture Media; Chlorocebus aethiops; Virus Cultivation; Vero Cells; Animals
PubMed: 38896301
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13193-4 -
International Journal of Ophthalmology 2024To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of combining panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) with intravitreal conbercept (IVC) injections for patients with high-risk...
AIM
To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of combining panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) with intravitreal conbercept (IVC) injections for patients with high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (HR-PDR) complicated by mild or moderate vitreous hemorrhage (VH), with or without diabetic macular edema (DME).
METHODS
Patients diagnosed with VH with/without DME secondary to HR-PDR and received PRP combined with IVC injections were recruited in this retrospective study. Upon establishing the patient's diagnosis, an initial IVC was performed, followed by prompt administration of PRP. In cases who significant bleeding persisted and impeded the laser operation, IVC was sustained before supplementing with PRP. Following the completion of PRP, patients were meticulously monitored for a minimum of six months. Laser therapy and IVC injections were judiciously adjusted based on fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) results. Therapeutic effect and the incidence of adverse events were observed.
RESULTS
Out of 42 patients (74 eyes), 29 were male and 13 were female, with a mean age of 59.17±12.74y (33-84y). The diabetic history was between 1wk and 26y, and the interval between the onset of visual symptoms and diagnosis of HR-PDR was 1wk-1y. The affected eye received 2.59±1.87 (1-10) IVC injections and underwent 5.5±1.02 (4-8) sessions of PRP. Of these, 68 eyes received PRP following 1 IVC injection, 5 eyes after 2 IVC injections, and 1 eye after 3 IVC injections. Complete absorption of VH was observed in all 74 eyes 5-50wk after initial treatment, with resolution of DME in 51 eyes 3-48wk after initial treatment. A newly developed epiretinal membrane was noted in one eye. Visual acuity significantly improved in 25 eyes. No complications such as glaucoma, retinal detachment, or endophthalmitis were reported.
CONCLUSION
The study suggests that the combination of PRP with IVC injections is an effective and safe modality for treating diabetic VH in patients with HR-PDR.
PubMed: 38895681
DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.06.11 -
International Journal of Ophthalmology 2024To compare the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) and silicone oil or sterile air tamponade for the treatment of...
AIM
To compare the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) and silicone oil or sterile air tamponade for the treatment of myopic foveoschisis (MF) in highly myopic eyes.
METHODS
This retrospective study included 48 myopic eyes of 40 patients with MF and axial lengths (ALs) ranging from 26-32 mm treated between January 2020 and January 2022. All patients were underwent PPV combined with ILM peeling followed by sterile air or silicone oil tamponade and followed up at least 12mo. Based on the features on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), the eyes were divided into the MF-only group (Group A, =15 eyes), MF with central foveal detachment group (Group B, =20 eyes), and MF with lamellar macular hole group (Group C, =13 eyes). According to AL, eyes were further divided into three groups: Group D (26.01-28.00 mm, =12 eyes), Group E (28.01-30.00 mm, =26 eyes), and Group F (30.01-32.00 mm, =10 eyes). The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness (CFT), and complications were recorded.
RESULTS
The patients included 16 males and 24 females with the mean age of 56±9.82y. The BCVA and CFT improved in all groups after surgery (<0.01), while there was no significant difference of the CFT in Group A, B, and C postoperatively (>0.05). The intergroup differences of BCVA and CFT postoperatively were statistically significant in Group D, E, and F. Twenty eyes were injected with sterile air, and 28 eyes were injected with silicone oil for tamponade based on the AL. However, there was no statistically significant difference among Groups D, E, and F in terms of the results of sterile air or silicone oil tamponade. The mean recovery time was 5.9mo for MF patients subjected to silicone oil tamponade and 7.7mo for patients subjected to sterile air tamponade, and the difference was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
PPV and ILM peeling combined with silicone oil or sterile air tamponade can achieve good results for MF in highly myopic eyes with ALs≤32 mm.
PubMed: 38895672
DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.06.13