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Journal of Food Protection Oct 2023Dissipation, residue levels, and ingestion risks of carbendazim in peach (Amygdalus persica L.) were investigated with individual and joint applications in the present...
Dissipation, residue levels, and ingestion risks of carbendazim in peach (Amygdalus persica L.) were investigated with individual and joint applications in the present study. The dissipation kinetics of carbendazim, chlorpyrifos, prochloraz, and imidacloprid were evaluated by the first-order kinetics. When carbendazim was individually applied, the final residual concentration was 2.97 mg kg and the half-life was 17.4 d. In the joint application of carbendazim with chlorpyrifos, prochloraz, and imidacloprid, the residual concentrations at 35 d after spraying were 7.16, 7.50, and 4.26 mg kg and the half-lives were 30.8, 23.7, and 23.2 d, respectively, which showed an increase of 1.3-1.8 times compared with the single application of carbendazim. In addition, the effects of household processing of rinsing and peeling were investigated, and a high removal rate of 54.6% and 76.5% were found. Furthermore, the carbendazim ingestion risk assessment was conducted, which indicated that the acute health risk (aHI) and hazard quotient (HQ) of carbendazim were all within acceptable levels ranging from 21.7% to 40.9%. However, a higher ingestion risk of carbendazim was found under the joint application. This study provides some preliminary guidance for the joint application and risk assessment of carbendazim in peach, which is worth further investigation.
Topics: Prunus persica; Chlorpyrifos; Risk Assessment; Pesticide Residues
PubMed: 37604252
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100145 -
Environmental Science and Ecotechnology Jan 2024Carbendazim, a widely used fungicide in China, has been found to have reproductive toxicity and mutagenic effects. However, information on the spatial-temporal...
Carbendazim, a widely used fungicide in China, has been found to have reproductive toxicity and mutagenic effects. However, information on the spatial-temporal variations of carbendazim residues in food in China is limited. Here, we investigated the presence of carbendazim in China's plant-based foods from 2011 to 2020, evaluated the spatial-temporal characteristics, and assessed the associated exposure risks in the Chinese diet. The results revealed a high detection frequency of carbendazim in fruits (26.4%) and high concentrations in vegetables (∼110 mg kg), indicating widespread misuse of the fungicide. The acute risks of consuming certain vegetables and cereals exceeded the recommended limits by up to 12 and 5 times, respectively. Although there has been a decline in carbendazim residue levels in food since the implementation of the Chinese government's action plan for zero growth of pesticide use in 2015, some provinces still exhibited high levels of carbendazim in multiple food categories, which were positively correlated with annual pesticide application. We highlight that carbendazim contamination reflects the broader issue of pesticide use in China. It emphasizes the need for committed and targeted national policies to reduce carbendazim residues in food and suggests that such measures could also regulate the use of other pesticides, given that pesticide abuse in China is not limited to specific types. We call for the re-evaluation of maximum residue limits of carbendazim, particularly in highly consumed foods such as cereals.
PubMed: 37560751
DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100301 -
Frontiers in Chemistry 2023A series of 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one derivatives containing an acylhydrazone moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activities against , , , ,...
A series of 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one derivatives containing an acylhydrazone moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activities against , , , , and . The structures of target compounds were characterized by H NMR, H NMR, F NMR and HRMS. The preliminary antifungal evaluation of all target compounds showed that some target compounds possessed moderate to good activities against , , and . Among them, compounds and exhibited noticeable inhibition effects against with the EC values (effective concentration for 50% activity) of 20.06 and 23.17 g/ml, respectively, which were even nearly double effective than that of hymexazol (40.51 g/ml). Meanwhile, compound displayed a notable inhibitory effect toward , with the EC value of 26.66 μg/ml, which was better than that of hymexazol (32.77 g/ml). In addition, compound yielded the EC value of 15.37 g/ml against , which was less than those of hymexazol (18.35 g/ml) and carbendazim (34.41 g/ml). Eventually, compound showed higher inhibitory effect against , with EC value of 26.76 g/ml, which was better than that of hymexazol (>50 g/ml).
PubMed: 37547906
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1233443 -
Chemosphere Oct 2023The Ecuadorian Amazon has experienced a significant land use change due to the demographic increase and the expansion of the agricultural frontier. Such changes in land...
The Ecuadorian Amazon has experienced a significant land use change due to the demographic increase and the expansion of the agricultural frontier. Such changes in land use have been associated to water pollution problems, including the emission of untreated urban wastewater and pesticides. Here we provide the first report on the influence of urbanization and intensive agriculture expansion on water quality parameters, pesticide contamination and the ecological status of Amazonian freshwater ecosystems of Ecuador. We monitored 19 water quality parameters, 27 pesticides, and the macroinvertebrate community in 40 sampling locations of the Napo River basin (northern Ecuador), including a nature conservation reserve and sites in areas influenced by African palm oil production, corn production and urbanization. The ecological risks of pesticides were assessed using a probabilistic approach based on species sensitivity distributions. The results of our study show that urban areas and areas dominated by African palm oil production have a significant influence on water quality parameters, affecting macroinvertebrate communities and biomonitoring indices. Pesticide residues were detected in all sampling sites, with carbendazim, azoxystrobin, diazinon, propiconazole and imidacloprid showing the largest prevalence (>80% of the samples). We found a significant effect of land use on water pesticide contamination, with residues of organophosphate insecticides correlating with African palm oil production and some fungicides with urban areas. The pesticide risk assessment indicated organophosphate insecticides (ethion, chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl, profenofos and prothiophos) and imidacloprid as the compounds posing the largest ecotoxicological hazard, with pesticide mixtures potentially affecting up to 26-29% of aquatic species. Ecological risks of organophosphate insecticides were more likely to occur in rivers surrounded by African palm oil plantations, while imidacloprid risks were identified in corn crop areas as well as in natural areas. Future investigations are needed to clarify the sources of imidacloprid contamination and to assess its effects for Amazonian freshwater ecosystems.
Topics: Pesticides; Ecuador; Insecticides; Water Quality; Ecosystem; Palm Oil; Urbanization; Environmental Monitoring; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Agriculture; Fresh Water; Rivers; Chlorpyrifos
PubMed: 37379974
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139286 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Sep 2023Novel nanomaterial-based pesticide formulations are increasingly perceived as promising aids in the transition to more efficient agricultural production systems. The...
Novel nanomaterial-based pesticide formulations are increasingly perceived as promising aids in the transition to more efficient agricultural production systems. The current understanding of potential unintended (eco)toxicological impacts of nano-formulated pesticides is scarce, in particular with regard to (non-target) aquatic organisms and ecosystems. The present study reports the results of a long-term freshwater mesocosm experiment which assessed responses of individual zooplankton taxa and communities to a novel TiO-coated nano-formulation of the fungicide carbendazim. Population- and community trends were assessed and compared in response to the nano-formulation and its constituents applied individually (i.e. nano-sized TiO, carbendazim) and in combination (i.e. nano-sized TiO & carbendazim). Minimal differences were observed between effects induced by the nano-formulation and its active ingredient (i.e. carbendazim) when applied at equivalent nominal test concentrations (4 μg L). Nano-sized TiO was found to affect zooplankton community trends when applied separately at environmentally realistic concentrations (20 μg L nominal test concentration). However, when nano-sized TiO was applied in combination with carbendazim, nano-sized TiO was found not to alter effects on community trends induced by carbendazim. The findings of the current study provide an extensive and timely addition to the current body of work available on non-target impacts of nano-formulated pesticides.
Topics: Animals; Zooplankton; Ecosystem; Pesticides; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 37271364
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121894