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Indian Journal of Pathology &... Jul 2023
PubMed: 38391348
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_501_22 -
Veterinary Parasitology, Regional... Feb 2024A German Shepherd dog was presented to a referral practice for screwworm myiasis affecting the ear. The successful management involved killing the larvae with afoxolaner...
A German Shepherd dog was presented to a referral practice for screwworm myiasis affecting the ear. The successful management involved killing the larvae with afoxolaner plus milbemycin oxime and using video otoscopy to completely remove dead larvae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of auricular myiasis by Chrysomya bezziana in a dog in Singapore and the first report of video otoscopic management of myiasis.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Screw Worm Infection; Diptera; Singapore; Myiasis; Larva; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 38316506
DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.100991 -
Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine Aug 2023Myiasis is the infestation of tissues of humans and other living vertebrates with the larva of flies, and it can affect any part of the body. Cutaneous myiasis is the...
INTRODUCTION
Myiasis is the infestation of tissues of humans and other living vertebrates with the larva of flies, and it can affect any part of the body. Cutaneous myiasis is the commonest form of presentation. Furuncular myiasis which is a sub-type of cutaneous myiasis typifies the presentation in this index patient. It is commonly caused by in Sub-Saharan African countries including Nigeria. It commonly occurs among rural dwellers, as well as people of low socio-economic and poor educational status.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present a case of balanitis from distal penile myiasis in a 3 year 8-month-old male child of a health worker in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.
CONCLUSION
It is believed that with adequate knowledge, measures such as good hygiene and proper drying and ironing of underwear are helpful.
PubMed: 38298338
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Genomics Jan 2024Wohlfahrtia magnifica is an obligatory parasite that causes myiasis in several warm-blooded vertebrates. Adult females deposit the first-stage larvae directly onto...
BACKGROUND
Wohlfahrtia magnifica is an obligatory parasite that causes myiasis in several warm-blooded vertebrates. Adult females deposit the first-stage larvae directly onto wounds or natural body orifices (e.g., genitalia) of the host, from where they quickly colonize the host tissue and feed on it for development. The infestation of W. magnifica can lead to health issues, welfare concerns, and substantial economic losses. To date, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the W. magnifica-causing myiasis.
RESULTS
In this study, we collected parasitic-stage larvae of W. magnifica from wounds of naturally infested Bactrian camels, as well as pupae and adult flies reared in vitro from the wound-collected larvae, for investigating the gene expression profiles of the different developmental stages of W. magnifica, with a particular focus on examining gene families closely related to the parasitism of the wound-collected larvae. As key proteins related to the parasite-host interaction, 2049 excretory/secretory (ES) proteins were identified in W. magnifica through the integration of multiple bioinformatics approaches. Functional analysis indicates that these ES proteins are primarily involved in cuticle development, peptidase activity, immune response, and metabolic processes. The global investigation of gene expression at different developmental stages using pairwise comparisons and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) showed that the upregulated genes during second-stage larvae were related to cuticle development, peptidase activity, and RNA transcription and translation; during third-stage larvae to peptidase inhibitor activity and nutrient reservoir activity; during pupae to cell and tissue morphogenesis and cell and tissue development; and during adult flies to signal perception, many of them involved in light perception, and adult behavior, e.g., feeding, mating, and locomotion. Specifically, the expression level analysis of the likely parasitism-related genes in parasitic wound-collected larvae revealed a significant upregulation of 88 peptidase genes (including 47 serine peptidase genes), 110 cuticle protein genes, and 21 heat shock protein (hsp) genes. Interestingly, the expression of 2 antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes, including 1 defensin and 1 diptericin, was also upregulated in the parasitic larvae.
CONCLUSIONS
We identified ES proteins in W. magnifica and investigated their functional distribution. In addition, gene expression profiles at different developmental stages of W. magnifica were examined. Specifically, we focused on gene families closely related to parasitism of wound-collected larvae. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the life cycle of the myiasis-causing fly, especially during the parasitic larval stages, and provide guidance for the development of control measures against W. magnifica.
Topics: Animals; Female; Sarcophagidae; Parasites; Myiasis; Diptera; Larva; Pupa; Gene Expression Profiling; Peptide Hydrolases
PubMed: 38297211
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09949-3 -
Insects Jan 2024Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is widespread throughout North America and Europe. Described in 1826, this blow fly was quickly associated with myiasis in amphibians,...
Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is widespread throughout North America and Europe. Described in 1826, this blow fly was quickly associated with myiasis in amphibians, and to date has rarely been reported in carrion. There is limited data regarding the time of colonization of animals with fur and the interpretation of this data is difficult due to variation in the animal models used. During an examination of initial insect colonization of cats () with light and dark fur, twelve domestic short-haired cats were placed in cages 15.2 m apart in a grassy field in West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. Eggs from initial oviposition events were collected and reared to identify the colonizing species. Three species of (Diptera: Calliphoridae), including , colonized the cats on the initial day of placement. In this study, was the primary colonizer of cats, and this may be the first study where a large number of were collected. Further studies should include development studies on to understand its life history and aid in time of colonization estimations. More work regarding the colonization of furred mammals is needed to further examine as a primary colonizer.
PubMed: 38249038
DOI: 10.3390/insects15010032 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jan 2024Sarcophagidae is one of the main fly families that is attracted to open wounds, ulcers, lesions, and other injuries for depositing their larvae. The presence of larvae... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Sarcophagidae is one of the main fly families that is attracted to open wounds, ulcers, lesions, and other injuries for depositing their larvae. The presence of larvae of flies in human tissues makes myiasis. Myiasis on the scalp could be more frightening in comparison with myiasis on the other parts of the body. It is a rare myiasis case that shows the ability of myiasis agents to attack various parts of the body. On the other hand, reporting of myiasis cases by Sarcophagidae larvae is not common due to difficulties in their identification. This study aimed to emphasize the importance of Sarcohagidae larvae in producing myiasis by describing the first case of soft tissue sarcoma infestation and provides a review of human myiasis by larvae of the Sarcophagidae family during 2010-2023 and also a review of wound myiasis cases associated with malignancy during 2000-2023.
CASE PRESENTATION
A case of sarcoma cancer myiasis is reported on the scalp of a 43-year-old man who referred to one of Tehran's hospitals for surgical treatment of cancer. Before surgery, insect larvae were observed in the area of sarcoma. The larvae were isolated, examined morphologically, and identified as Sarcophaga spp.
CONCLUSIONS
Myiasis has been considered as a neglected disease. Publishing of myiasis cases could be useful to alert health policy-makers about its danger and appearance in the community. It is not usual but can be expected even on the scalp of the human head. Exact daily supervision and dressing of the wound could be recommended to prevent cutaneous myiasis.
Topics: Male; Animals; Humans; Adult; Scalp; Iran; Sarcoma; Myiasis; Larva
PubMed: 38183025
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08957-8 -
BMC Microbiology Jan 2024The zoonotic pathogen Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica can cause several diseases in humans, including sepsis and bacteremia. Although the pathogenesis is not fully... (Review)
Review
The zoonotic pathogen Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica can cause several diseases in humans, including sepsis and bacteremia. Although the pathogenesis is not fully understood, the bacterium is thought to enter traumatic skin lesions via fly larvae, resulting in severe myiasis and/or wound contamination. Infections are typically associated with, but not limited to, infestation of an open wound by fly larvae, poor sanitary conditions, cardiovascular disease, substance abuse, and osteomyelitis. W. chitiniclastica is generally sensitive to a broad spectrum of antibiotics with the exception of fosfomycin. However, increasing drug resistance has been observed and its development should be monitored with caution. In this review, we summarize the currently available knowledge and evaluate it from both a clinical and a genomic perspective.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Gammaproteobacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diptera; Genomics; Larva
PubMed: 38172653
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03139-7 -
Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023This review aims to describe and compare the risk factors, clinical course, diagnosis, and parasitologic features of external ophthalmomyiasis. We also discuss the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This review aims to describe and compare the risk factors, clinical course, diagnosis, and parasitologic features of external ophthalmomyiasis. We also discuss the different preventive measures and the effect of global warming in a large case series reported from January 2000 to December 2022.
METHODS
We perform a literature review of reported cases of external ophthalmomyiasis to determine the clinical characteristics, therapeutic management, and information on the organisms that most commonly cause external ophthalmomyiasis.
RESULTS
A total of 312 cases of external ophthalmomyiasis were recorded. The most common causative organism was (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Oestridae), accounting for 72.1% of cases, followed by (Linnaeus Jr. in Pallas, 1781) (Diptera: Oestridae) at 5.4%, (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at 0.96%, and (Villeneuve) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at 0.96%. Before experiencing symptoms, 43.6% of cases reported having direct contact with flies or being hit in the eye, 33% reported no associated risk factors, 9.3% reported living with sheep and goats, and 7.7% reported a history of foreign objects entering the eye. The most common symptoms for those affected by were sudden onset, including a foreign body sensation and movement, redness, tearing, itching, swelling, irritation, photophobia, burning, and ocular secretion. In cases caused by , symptoms included eyelid edema, pain, redness, itching, movement within the lesion, ocular irritation, and discharge. Regarding occupational or recreational activity, agriculture, and livestock had the highest incidence, followed by trades and technical activities, being a student, and having traveled to an endemic region for work or recreation.
CONCLUSION
Patients with red eyes may suffer from external ophthalmomyiasis, which requires a thorough examination to diagnose and treat it early. Moreover, as the temperature increases due to climate change, it is essential to consider how this will affect the spread of different pathogens.
PubMed: 38131986
DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040180 -
POCUS Journal 2023An 81-year-old man presented to urgent care for assessment of an area of erythema and tenderness on his right thigh after recent travel to Belize. Point of care...
An 81-year-old man presented to urgent care for assessment of an area of erythema and tenderness on his right thigh after recent travel to Belize. Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) revealed a hyperechoic structure with acoustic shadowing in the subcutaneous tissue. Colour Doppler assessment of the structure produced a twinkle artifact. The structure was removed and pathology identified the object as a larva (human botfly). The use of POCUS helped identify and localize the subcutaneous foreign body. The use of colour Doppler produced the twinkle artifact, which has not been previously reported as a finding produced during ultrasonographic assessment of botfly larvae.
PubMed: 38099171
DOI: 10.24908/pocus.v8i2.16712 -
Medecine Tropicale Et Sante... Sep 2023Myiasis is an infestation of humans or animals by larval forms of brachycetes. Commonly observed locations are otolaryngological and cutaneous. Gastrointestinal...
INTRODUCTION
Myiasis is an infestation of humans or animals by larval forms of brachycetes. Commonly observed locations are otolaryngological and cutaneous. Gastrointestinal localization remains exceptional. In this work, we report the observation of a Moroccan case of gastrointestinal myiasis caused by . Observation. The patient was a 56-year-old man living in a rural region of northwest Morocco. He was being followed at the National Oncology Institute in Rabat for pulmonary and renal adenocarcinoma and was put on neo-adjuvant chemotherapy with concomitant radiochemotherapy. The patient presented vomiting twice containing about forty small white, circular and hairless worms measuring 4 mm in length. This sample was sent to the parasitology and mycology laboratory for identification. Microscopic study of the larvae and adult flies obtained after rearing in the laboratory of parasitology allowed the diagnosis of myiasis caused by .
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION
This observation is noteworthy for both its exceptional anatomical localization and the implicated parasite species.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Drosophila melanogaster; Larva; Morocco; Myiasis
PubMed: 38094488
DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v3i3.2023.360