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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Recent studies have demonstrated a positive role of hyaluronic acid (HA) on periodontal clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of four different...
INTRODUCTION
Recent studies have demonstrated a positive role of hyaluronic acid (HA) on periodontal clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of four different HAs on interactions between periodontal biofilm and immune cells.
METHODS
The four HAs included: high-molecular-weight HA (HHA, non-cross-linked), low-molecular-weight HA (LHA), oligomers HA (OHA), and cross-linked high-molecular-weight HA (CHA). Serial experiments were conducted to verify the influence of HAs on: (i) 12-species periodontal biofilm (formation and pre-existing); (ii) expression of inflammatory cytokines and HA receptors in monocytic (MONO-MAC-6) cells and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) with or without exposure to periodontal biofilms; (iii) generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MONO-MAC-6 cells and PDLF with presence of biofilm and HA.
RESULTS
The results indicated that HHA and CHA reduced the bacterial counts in a newly formed (4-h) biofilm and in a pre-existing five-day-old biofilm. Without biofilm challenge, OHA triggered inflammatory reaction by increasing IL-1β and IL-10 levels in MONO-MAC cells and IL-8 in PDLF in a time-dependent manner, whereas CHA suppressed this response by inhibiting the expression of IL-10 in MONO-MAC cells and IL-8 in PDLF. Under biofilm challenge, HA decreased the expression of IL-1β (most decreasing HHA) and increased IL-10 levels in MONO-MAC-6 cells in a molecular weight dependent manner (most increasing CHA). The interaction between HA and both cells may occur via ICAM-1 receptor. Biofilm stimulus increased ROS levels in MONO-MAC-6 cells and PDLF, but only HHA slightly suppressed the high generation of ROS induced by biofilm stimulation in both cells.
CONCLUSION
Overall, these results indicate that OHA induces inflammation, while HHA and CHA exhibit anti-biofilm, primarily anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties in the periodontal environment.
Topics: Biofilms; Hyaluronic Acid; Humans; Reactive Oxygen Species; Fibroblasts; Cytokines; Monocytes; Periodontal Ligament; Cell Line; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-10
PubMed: 38938883
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1414861 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Kuwayama is the leading vector of Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), the causative agent of citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) disease. The...
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Kuwayama is the leading vector of Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), the causative agent of citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) disease. The distribution and dynamics of Las within ACP are critical to understanding how the transmission, spread and infection of Las occurs within its host vector in nature. In this study, the distribution and titer changes of Las in various tissues of ACP 5 instar nymphs and adults were examined by (FISH) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) techniques. Results demonstrated that 100% of ACP 5 instar nymphs and adults were infected with Las following feeding on infected plants, and that Las had widespread distribution in most of the tissues of ACP. The titers of Las within the midgut, salivary glands and hemolymph tissues were the highest in both 5 instar nymphs and adults. When compared with adults, the titers of Las in these three tissues of 5 instar nymphs were significantly higher, while in the mycetome, ovary and testes they were significantly lower than those of adults. FISH visualization further confirmed these findings. Dynamic analysis of Las demonstrated that it was present across all the developmental ages of ACP adults. There was a discernible upward trend in the presence of Las with advancing age in most tissues of ACP adults, including the midgut, hemolymph, salivary glands, foot, head, cuticula and muscle. Our findings have significant implications for the comprehensive understanding of the transmission, dissemination and infestation of Las, which is of much importance for developing novel strategies to halt the spread of Las, and therefore contribute to the efficient prevention and control of HLB.
Topics: Animals; Hemiptera; Insect Vectors; Plant Diseases; Nymph; Citrus; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Rhizobiaceae; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Salivary Glands; Hemolymph
PubMed: 38938879
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1408362 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) that frequently affects children, leading to severe infections in...
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) that frequently affects children, leading to severe infections in some cases. In general, when infection occurs, the body upregulates inflammatory responses to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms to protect the host from infection. However, EV71 may inhibit host's innate immunity to promote virus infection. At present, it is not fully understood how EV71 hijack the host cells for its own replication. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a natural immune receptor, historically associated with bacterial endotoxin-induced inflammatory responses. However, it is still unclear whether and how TLR4 is altered during EV71 infection. In this study, we observed a reduction in both TLR4 protein and gene transcript levels in RD, GES-1, and Vero cells following EV71 infection, as detected by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence staining and western blot. Furthermore, we observed that the TLR4 downstream molecules of MYD88, p-NF-κB p65, p-TBK1 and related inflammatory cytokines were also reduced, suggesting that antiviral innate immune and inflammatory response were suppressed. To determine the impact of TLR4 changes on EV71 infection, we interfered EV71-infected RD cells with TLR4 agonist or inhibitor and the results showed that activation of TLR4 inhibited EV71 replication, while inhibition of TLR4 promote EV71 replication. Besides, EV71 replication was also promoted in TLR4 siRNA-transfected and EV71-infected RD cells. This suggests that down-regulation the expression of TLR4 by EV71 can inhibit host immune defense to promote EV71 self-replication. This novel mechanism may be a strategy for EV71 to evade host immunity.
Topics: Toll-Like Receptor 4; Enterovirus A, Human; Humans; Virus Replication; Signal Transduction; Animals; Vero Cells; Chlorocebus aethiops; Immunity, Innate; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Inflammation; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; Cell Line; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Cytokines; NF-kappa B; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
PubMed: 38938877
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1393680 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2024Upwards of 50% of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) survivors endure varying degrees of disability, with a recurrence rate of 17.7%. Thus, the prediction of outcomes in AIS...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Upwards of 50% of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) survivors endure varying degrees of disability, with a recurrence rate of 17.7%. Thus, the prediction of outcomes in AIS may be useful for treatment decisions. This study aimed to determine the applicability of a machine learning approach for forecasting early outcomes in AIS patients.
METHODS
A total of 659 patients with new-onset AIS admitted to the Department of Neurology of both the First and Second Affiliated Hospitals of Bengbu Medical University from January 2020 to October 2022 included in the study. The patient' demographic information, medical history, Trial of Org 10,172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and laboratory indicators at 24 h of admission data were collected. The Modified Rankine Scale (mRS) was used to assess the 3-mouth outcome of participants' prognosis. We constructed nine machine learning models based on 18 parameters and compared their accuracies for outcome variables.
RESULTS
Feature selection through the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator cross-validation (Lasso CV) method identified the most critical predictors for early prognosis in AIS patients as white blood cell (WBC), homocysteine (HCY), D-Dimer, baseline NIHSS, fibrinogen degradation product (FDP), and glucose (GLU). Among the nine machine learning models evaluated, the Random Forest model exhibited superior performance in the test set, achieving an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.852, an accuracy rate of 0.818, a sensitivity of 0.654, a specificity of 0.945, and a recall rate of 0.900.
CONCLUSION
These findings indicate that RF models utilizing general clinical and laboratory data from the initial 24 h of admission can effectively predict the early prognosis of AIS patients.
PubMed: 38938777
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1407152 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024The increase in the prevalence of food allergy has been considered as the second wave in the allergy epidemic following the first wave of increase in asthma and allergic... (Review)
Review
The increase in the prevalence of food allergy has been considered as the second wave in the allergy epidemic following the first wave of increase in asthma and allergic rhinitis. It is well known that the prevalence of allergic conditions would follow economic development and urbanization in many countries or regions. In developed countries, one in three children suffered from at least one allergic disorder and these conditions include food allergy, eczema, allergic rhinitis and asthma. Food allergy is very often the first allergic manifestation affecting infants and young children. The exact etiologies are not known. The clinical manifestations ranged from a simple rash or an itch around the mouth, to the more severe manifestations of angioedema and potentially fatal anaphylaxis. Among all cases of childhood anaphylaxis, food is the most common cause. The common allergens resulting in food allergies in developed countries include egg, milk, fish, wheat, peanuts and tree nuts. However, there are marked variations in the patterns of food allergens in developing countries. In line with the epidemiology of asthma, food allergy is also much less common in rural areas. Clear understanding of reasons explaining the disparity of food allergies between urban and rural population would pave the way to the development of effective primary prevention for food allergy.
PubMed: 38938666
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1373110 -
PeerJ 2024Sedentary behavior is most prevalent among those aged 80 years and above, referred to as the oldest-old. Current literature emphasizes the significance of sedentary...
BACKGROUND
Sedentary behavior is most prevalent among those aged 80 years and above, referred to as the oldest-old. Current literature emphasizes the significance of sedentary behavior patterns, but further evidence is required to understand how these patterns relate to specific health outcomes and to identify at-risk profiles for tailored interventions in the oldest-old. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify profiles of adults aged 80+ years based on their sedentary patterns and health outcomes, and to examine associations between profiles and socio-demographics.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Flanders (Belgium) from February 2021 to December 2022 recruiting 90 older adults (80+) through convenience sampling, employing word of mouth, social media and local service centers. Latent profile analysis identified device-based sedentary patterns and assessed their associations with physical and cognitive functioning, mental health-related quality of life (QoL), and social isolation. Associations of these profiles with socio-demographic factors were analyzed.
RESULTS
Three distinct profiles were identified: (1) the 'cognitively and physically frail' profile, (2) the 'healthy' profile and (3) the 'lower mental health-related QoL' profile. Those in the 'cognitively and physically frail' profile exhibited the least favorable sedentary pattern, and had a higher likelihood of residing in a nursing home. No significant differences were found for the other socio-demographic variables, being age, sex, educational degree and family situation.
CONCLUSIONS
Three distinct profiles in the oldest-old population, based on cognitive and physical functioning, mental health-related QoL, and sedentary behavior patterns, were identified. Lower physical and cognitive functioning was associated with unhealthy sedentary patterns. Further research with larger samples is crucial to uncover potential links between socio-demographics and at-risk subgroups, enhancing our understanding of sedentary behavior and geriatric health outcomes in this population.
Topics: Humans; Sedentary Behavior; Male; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Belgium; Aged, 80 and over; Quality of Life; Frailty; Cognition; Mental Health
PubMed: 38938606
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17505 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Interstitial lung disease is a common complication of anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS), and lymphocytic infiltration is often observed in the lesion. We have recently...
Interstitial lung disease is a common complication of anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS), and lymphocytic infiltration is often observed in the lesion. We have recently reported that disease-specific autoantibodies are produced by infiltrating lymphocytes in some autoimmune diseases. Here, we investigate the antigen specificity of B cells in the lung lesions of ASS patients. A total of 177 antibodies were produced from antibody-secreting cells in bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) of three each of serum anti-Jo-1 and serum anti-EJ antibody-positive patients. Twelve to 30% and 50 to 62% of these antibodies were disease-specific autoantibodies, respectively. These autoantibodies recognized conformational epitopes of the whole self-antigen and had affinity maturations, indicating that self-antigens themselves are the target of humoral immunity. In addition, 100 antibodies were produced from two salivary gland tissues, obtained by chance, of ASS patients. Salivary glands are not generally recognized as lesions of ASS, but unexpectedly, ASS-related autoantibody production was also observed similar to that of BALF. Immunostaining confirmed the presence of ASS-related autoantibody-producing cells in salivary glands. Our results suggest that disease-specific autoantibody production at lesion sites is a common pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and that tissue-specific production of autoantibodies can provide insights regarding the distribution of organ manifestations in autoimmune diseases.
Topics: Humans; Salivary Glands; Autoantibodies; Myositis; Female; Male; Lung; Middle Aged; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Adult; B-Lymphocytes; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Autoantigens; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Aged
PubMed: 38938569
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1265792 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024To examine the patterns of pretreatment facial soft tissue shape in orthodontic cases with premolar extraction using artificial intelligence (AI) and to investigate the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
To examine the patterns of pretreatment facial soft tissue shape in orthodontic cases with premolar extraction using artificial intelligence (AI) and to investigate the corresponding changes.
METHODS
One hundred and fifty-two patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction were enrolled. Lateral cephalograms were obtained before and after the treatment. For each record, the outlines of the nose-lip-chin profile and corresponding 21 cephalometric variables were extracted. The AI method classified pretreatment records into three subject groups based on the feature variables extracted from the outline. Dentoskeletal and soft tissue facial form changes observed after treatment were compared statistically (P < 0.05) between the groups using ANOVA. Multivariate regression models were used for each group.
RESULTS
Group 1 (n = 59) was characterized by Class II high-angle retrognathic mandible with an incompetent lip, group 2 (n = 55) by Class I malocclusion with retruded and thin lips, and group 3 (n = 38) by Class I malocclusion with an everted superior lip before treatment. The ratios of anteroposterior soft tissue to hard tissue movements in Group 1 were 56% (r = 0.64) and 83% (r = 0.75) for the superior and inferior lips, respectively, whereas those in Group 2 were 49% (r = 0.78) and 91% (r = 0.80), and 40% (r = 0.54) and 79% (r = 0.70), respectively, in Group 3.
CONCLUSIONS
The modes of facial form changes differed depending on the pre-treatment profile patterns classified by the AI. This indicates that the determination of the pre-treatment profile pattern can help in the selection of soft tissue to hard tissue movement ratios, which helps estimate the post-treatment facial profile with a moderate to high correlation.
Topics: Humans; Cephalometry; Face; Bicuspid; Tooth Extraction; Female; Male; Lip; Adolescent; Nose; Malocclusion, Angle Class I; Artificial Intelligence; Chin; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Mandible; Tooth Movement Techniques; Child; Young Adult; Malocclusion
PubMed: 38937790
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04512-2 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024The desirable properties of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) make it an effective agent for managing dental caries and tooth hypersensitivity. There are several clinical...
BACKGROUND
The desirable properties of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) make it an effective agent for managing dental caries and tooth hypersensitivity. There are several clinical instances that SDF application might precede the placement of direct tooth-colored restorations. On the other hand, SDF stains demineralized/carious dental tissues black, which might affect the esthetic outcomes of such restorations. Color is a key parameter of esthetics in dentistry. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review dental literature on color/color change of tooth-colored restorations placed following the application of SDF on dentine.
METHODS
Comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus and ISI Web of Science databases (until August 2023) as well as reference lists of retrieved studies was performed. In vitro studies reported color or color change of tooth-colored restorative materials applied on SDF-treated dentine were included. Methodological quality assessment was performed using RoBDEMAT tool. Pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated.
RESULTS
Eleven studies/reports with a total of 394 tooth-colored restorations placed following a) no SDF (control) or b) SDF with/without potassium iodide (KI)/glutathione dentine pre-treatments were included. Color change was quantified using ∆E formulas in most reports. The pooled findings for the comparison of resin-based composite (RBC) restorations with and without prior 38% SDF + KI application revealed no statistically significant differences in ∆E values at short- and long-term evaluations (~ 14 days: WMD: -0.56, 95% CI: -2.09 to 0.96; I: 89.6%, and ~ 60 days: WMD: 0.11; 95% CI: -1.51 to 1.72; I: 76.9%). No studies provided sufficient information for all the items in the risk of bias tool (moderate to low quality).
CONCLUSIONS
The limited evidence suggested comparable color changes of RBC restorations with and without 38% SDF + KI pre-treatment up to 60 days. The included studies lacked uniformity in methodology and reported outcomes. Further studies are imperative to draw more definite conclusions.
PROTOCOL REGISTRATION
The protocol of this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO database under number CRD42023485083.
Topics: Silver Compounds; Humans; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Fluorides, Topical; Dentin; Color; Dental Restoration, Permanent
PubMed: 38937760
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04487-0 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health May 2024The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to health care workers in intensive care units (ICU) and the contribution of airborne and fomites to SARS-CoV-2 transmission remain...
BACKGROUND
The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to health care workers in intensive care units (ICU) and the contribution of airborne and fomites to SARS-CoV-2 transmission remain unclear. To assess the rate of air and surface contamination and identify risk factors associated with this contamination in patients admitted to the ICU for acute respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
METHODS
Prospective multicentric non-interventional study conducted from June 2020 to November 2020 in 3 French ICUs. For each enrolled patient, 3 predefined surfaces were swabbed, 2 air samples at 1 m and 3 m from the patient's mouth and face masks of 3 health care workers (HCW) were collected within the first 48 h of SARS-CoV-2 positive PCR in a respiratory sample. Droplet digital PCR and quantitative PCR were performed on different samples, respectively.
RESULTS
Among 150 included patients, 5 (3.6%, 95%CI: 1.2% to 8.2%) had positive ddPCR on air samples at 1 m or 3 m. Seventy-one patients (53.3%, CI95%: 44.5% to 62.0%) had at least one surface positive. Face masks worn by HCW were positive in 6 patients (4.4%, CI: 1.6% to 9.4%). The threshold of RT-qPCR of the respiratory sample performed at inclusion (odds ratio, OR= 0.88, 95%CI: 0.83 to 0.93, p < 0.0001) and the presence of diarrhea (OR= 3.28, 95%CI: 1.09 to 9.88, p = 0.037) were significantly associated with the number of contaminated surfaces.
CONCLUSION
In this study, including patients admitted to the ICU for acute respiratory failure " contact route " of transmission, i.e. through fomites, seems dominant. While presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the air is rare in this specific population, the presence of diarrhea is associated to surface contamination around Covid patients.
PubMed: 38936235
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.05.042