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International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Various metabolites, including phytohormones, phytoalexins, and amino acids, take part in the plant immune system. Herein, we analyzed the effects of L-methionine (Met),...
Various metabolites, including phytohormones, phytoalexins, and amino acids, take part in the plant immune system. Herein, we analyzed the effects of L-methionine (Met), a sulfur-containing amino acid, on the plant immune system in tomato. Treatment with low concentrations of Met enhanced the resistance of tomato to a broad range of diseases caused by the hemi-biotrophic bacterial pathogen pv. ) and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen (), although it did not induce the production of any antimicrobial substances against these pathogens in tomato leaf tissues. Analyses of gene expression and phytohormone accumulation indicated that Met treatment alone did not activate the defense signals mediated by salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. However, the salicylic acid-responsive defense gene and the jasmonic acid-responsive gene were induced more rapidly in Met-treated plants after infection with and , respectively. These findings suggest that low concentrations of Met have a priming effect on the phytohormone-mediated immune system in tomato.
Topics: Solanum lycopersicum; Methionine; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Diseases; Botrytis; Pseudomonas syringae; Cyclopentanes; Plant Growth Regulators; Oxylipins; Plant Immunity; Disease Resistance; Salicylic Acid; Plant Leaves; Plant Proteins; Ethylenes
PubMed: 38928022
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126315 -
Biomolecules Jun 2024Ginseng ( C. A. Meyer) is an ancient and valuable Chinese herbal medicine, and ginsenoside, as the main active ingredient of ginseng, has received wide attention because...
Ginseng ( C. A. Meyer) is an ancient and valuable Chinese herbal medicine, and ginsenoside, as the main active ingredient of ginseng, has received wide attention because of its various pharmacological active effects. Cytochrome P450 is the largest family of enzymes in plant metabolism and is involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids, alkaloids, lipids, and other primary and secondary plant metabolites. It is significant to explore more genes with unknown functions and reveal their roles in ginsenoside synthesis. In this study, based on the five genes screened in the pre-laboratory, through the correlation analysis with the content of ginsenosides and the analysis of the interactions network of the key enzyme genes for ginsenoside synthesis, we screened out those highly correlated with ginsenosides, , as the target gene from among the five genes. Methyl jasmonate-induced treatment of ginseng adventitious roots showed that the gene responded to methyl jasmonate induction and was involved in the synthesis of ginsenosides. The gene was cloned and the overexpression vector pBI121-PgCYP309 and the interference vector pART27-PgCYP309 were constructed. Transformation of ginseng adventitious roots by the -mediated method and successful induction of transgenic ginseng hairy roots were achieved. The transformation rate of ginseng hairy roots with overexpression of the gene was 22.7%, and the transformation rate of ginseng hairy roots with interference of the gene was 40%. Analysis of ginseng saponin content and relative gene expression levels in positive ginseng hairy root asexual lines revealed a significant increase in PPD, PPT, and PPT-type monomeric saponins Re and Rg2. The relative expression levels of and genes were also significantly increased. gene promotes the synthesis of ginsenosides, and it was preliminarily verified that gene can promote the synthesis of dammarane-type ginsenosides.
Topics: Panax; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Ginsenosides; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Roots; Plant Proteins; Oxylipins; Acetates; Cyclopentanes
PubMed: 38927118
DOI: 10.3390/biom14060715 -
Biomolecules Jun 2024(1) Background: Phytochemicals are crucial antioxidants that play a significant role in preventing cancer. (2) Methods: We explored the use of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in...
(1) Background: Phytochemicals are crucial antioxidants that play a significant role in preventing cancer. (2) Methods: We explored the use of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in the in vitro cultivation of adventitious roots (DMAR) and evaluated its impact on secondary metabolite production in DMAR, optimizing concentration and exposure time for cost-effectiveness. We also assessed its anti-inflammatory and anti-lung cancer activities and related gene expression levels. (3) Results: MeJA treatment significantly increased the production of the phenolic compound 3,5-Di-caffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA). The maximum 3,5-DCQA production was achieved with a MeJA treatment at 40 µM for 36 h. MeJA-DMARE displayed exceptional anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, it downregulated the mRNA expression of key inflammation-related cytokines. Additionally, MeJA-DMARE exhibited anti-lung cancer activity by promoting ROS production in A549 lung cancer cells and inhibiting its migration. It also modulated apoptosis in lung cancer cells via the Bcl-2 and p38 MAPK pathways. (4) Conclusions: MeJA-treated DMARE with increased 3,5-DCQA production holds significant promise as a sustainable and novel material for pharmaceutical applications thanks to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-lung cancer properties.
Topics: Cyclopentanes; Oxylipins; Acetates; Animals; Mice; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Humans; RAW 264.7 Cells; Plant Roots; Reactive Oxygen Species; Nitric Oxide; Apoptosis; Quinic Acid; A549 Cells; Sapindaceae
PubMed: 38927108
DOI: 10.3390/biom14060705 -
BMC Genomics Jun 2024Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins, which act as negative regulators in the jasmonic acid (JA) signalling pathway, have significant implications for plant development...
BACKGROUND
Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins, which act as negative regulators in the jasmonic acid (JA) signalling pathway, have significant implications for plant development and response to abiotic stress.
RESULTS
Through a comprehensive genome-wide analysis, a total of 20 members of the JAZ gene family specific to alfalfa were identified in its genome. Phylogenetic analysis divided these 20 MsJAZ genes into five subgroups. Gene structure analysis, protein motif analysis, and 3D protein structure analysis revealed that alfalfa JAZ genes in the same evolutionary branch share similar exon‒intron, motif, and 3D structure compositions. Eight segmental duplication events were identified among these 20 MsJAZ genes through collinearity analysis. Among the 32 chromosomes of the autotetraploid cultivated alfalfa, there were 20 MsJAZ genes distributed on 17 chromosomes. Extensive stress-related cis-acting elements were detected in the upstream sequences of MsJAZ genes, suggesting that their response to stress has an underlying function. Furthermore, the expression levels of MsJAZ genes were examined across various tissues and under the influence of salt stress conditions, revealing tissue-specific expression and regulation by salt stress. Through RT‒qPCR experiments, it was discovered that the relative expression levels of these six MsJAZ genes increased under salt stress.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, our study represents the first comprehensive identification and analysis of the JAZ gene family in alfalfa. These results provide important information for exploring the mechanism of JAZ genes in alfalfa salt tolerance and identifying candidate genes for improving the salt tolerance of autotetraploid cultivated alfalfa via genetic engineering in the future.
Topics: Medicago sativa; Phylogeny; Plant Proteins; Multigene Family; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Tetraploidy; Salt Stress; Cyclopentanes; Genome, Plant; Oxylipins; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 38926665
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10460-6 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024Red blood cell (RBC) metabolism regulates hemolysis during aging in vivo and in the blood bank. Here, we leveraged a diversity outbred mouse population to map the...
UNLABELLED
Red blood cell (RBC) metabolism regulates hemolysis during aging in vivo and in the blood bank. Here, we leveraged a diversity outbred mouse population to map the genetic drivers of fresh/stored RBC metabolism and extravascular hemolysis upon storage and transfusion in 350 mice. We identify the ferrireductase Steap3 as a critical regulator of a ferroptosis-like process of lipid peroxidation. Steap3 polymorphisms were associated with RBC iron content, in vitro hemolysis, and in vivo extravascular hemolysis both in mice and 13,091 blood donors from the Recipient Epidemiology and Donor evaluation Study. Using metabolite Quantitative Trait Loci analyses, we identified a network of gene products (FADS1/2, EPHX2 and LPCAT3) - enriched in donors of African descent - associated with oxylipin metabolism in stored human RBCs and related to Steap3 or its transcriptional regulator, the tumor protein TP53. Genetic variants were associated with lower in vivo hemolysis in thousands of single-unit transfusion recipients.
HIGHLIGHTS
Steap3 regulates lipid peroxidation and extravascular hemolysis in 350 diversity outbred miceSteap3 SNPs are linked to RBC iron, hemolysis, vesiculation in 13,091 blood donorsmQTL analyses of oxylipins identified ferroptosis-related gene products FADS1/2, EPHX2, LPCAT3Ferroptosis markers are linked to hemoglobin increments in transfusion recipients.
PubMed: 38915523
DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.598512 -
BMC Plant Biology Jun 2024Drought stress poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity, especially in areas susceptible to water scarcity. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a widely...
Mitigation of drought-induced stress in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) via foliar application of Jasmonic acid through the augmentation of growth, physiological, and biochemical attributes.
Drought stress poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity, especially in areas susceptible to water scarcity. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a widely cultivated oilseed crop with considerable potential globally. Jasmonic acid, a plant growth regulator, plays a crucial role in alleviating the adverse impacts of drought stress on the morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics of crops. Experimental detail includes sunflower varieties (Armani Gold, KQS-HSF-1, Parsun, and ESFH-3391), four drought stress levels (0, 25%, 50%, and 75% drought stress), and three levels (0, 40ppm, 80ppm) of jasmonic acid. The 0% drought stress and 0ppm jasmonic acid were considered as control treatments. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with three replicates. Drought stress significantly reduced the growth in all varieties. However, the exogenous application of jasmonic acid at concentrations of 40ppm and 80ppm enhanced growth parameters, shoot and root length (1.93%, 19%), shoot and root fresh weight (18.5%, 25%), chlorophyll content (36%), photosynthetic rate (22%), transpiration rate (40%), WUE (20%), MDA (6.5%), Phenolics (19%), hydrogen peroxide (7%) proline (28%) and glycine betaine (15-30%) under water-stressed conditions, which was closely linked to the increase in stomatal activity stimulated by jasmonic acid. Furthermore, JA 80 ppm was found to be the most appropriate dose to reduce the effect of water stress in all sunflower varieties. It was concluded that the foliar application of JA has the potential to enhance drought tolerance by improving the morphological, biochemical, and physiological of sunflower.
Topics: Oxylipins; Cyclopentanes; Helianthus; Droughts; Plant Growth Regulators; Stress, Physiological; Plant Leaves; Photosynthesis; Chlorophyll
PubMed: 38907232
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05273-4 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024This study was aimed at investigating the phytochemical profile and bioactivity of subsp. (Brassicaceae), a species from central-southern Sicily (Italy), where it is...
This study was aimed at investigating the phytochemical profile and bioactivity of subsp. (Brassicaceae), a species from central-southern Sicily (Italy), where it is consumed as a salad. For this purpose, LC-ESI/HRMS analysis of the ethanolic extract was performed, highlighting the occurrence, along with flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and oxylipins, of sulfated secondary metabolites, including glucosinolates and various sulfooxy derivatives (e.g., C13 nor-isoprenoids, hydroxyphenyl, and hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives), most of which were never reported before in the Brassicaeae family or in the genus. Following ethnomedicinal information regarding this species used for the treatment of various pathologies such as diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, ethanolic extract was evaluated for its antioxidant potential using different in vitro tests such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), Ferric Reducing Ability Power, and -carotene bleaching tests. The inhibitory activity of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and pancreatic lipase was also assessed. In the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid assay, an IC value comparable to the positive control ascorbic acid (2.87 vs. 1.70 μg/mL, respectively) was obtained. The wild-wall rocket salad extract showed a significant α-amylase inhibitory effect. Obtained results indicate that Sicilian wild-wall rocket contains phytochemicals that can prevent hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and obesity.
Topics: Plant Extracts; Antioxidants; Phytochemicals; Sicily; Flavonoids
PubMed: 38893326
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112450 -
Nutrients May 2024Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the destruction of the articular cartilage, resulting in a pro-inflammatory response. The... (Review)
Review
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the destruction of the articular cartilage, resulting in a pro-inflammatory response. The progression of OA is multifactorial and is influenced by the underlying cause of inflammation, which includes but is not limited to trauma, metabolism, biology, comorbidities, and biomechanics. Although articular cartilage is the main tissue affected in osteoarthritis, the chronic inflammatory environment negatively influences the surrounding synovium, ligaments, and subchondral bone, further limiting their functional abilities and enhancing symptoms of OA. Treatment for osteoarthritis remains inconsistent due to the inability to determine the underlying mechanism of disease onset, severity of symptoms, and complicating comorbidities. In recent years, diet and nutritional supplements have gained interest regarding slowing the disease process, prevention, and treatment of OA. This is due to their anti-inflammatory properties, which result in a positive influence on pain, joint mobility, and cartilage formation. More specifically, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have demonstrated an influential role in the progression of OA, resulting in the reduction of cartilage destruction, inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine cascades, and production of oxylipins that promote anti-inflammatory pathways. The present review is focused on the assessment of evidence explaining the inflammatory processes of osteoarthritis and the influence of omega-3 supplementation to modulate the progression of osteoarthritis.
Topics: Humans; Osteoarthritis; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Dietary Supplements; Cartilage, Articular; Disease Progression; Inflammation; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Animals
PubMed: 38892583
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111650 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024The elongation of the mesocotyl plays an important role in the emergence of maize deep-sowing seeds. This study was designed to explore the function of exogenous...
The elongation of the mesocotyl plays an important role in the emergence of maize deep-sowing seeds. This study was designed to explore the function of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) in the growth of the maize mesocotyl and to examine its regulatory network. The results showed that the addition of 0.25 mmol/L exogenous SA promoted the elongation of maize mesocotyls under both 3 cm and 15 cm deep-sowing conditions. Conversely, the addition of 10 mg/L exogenous 6-BA inhibited the elongation of maize mesocotyls. Interestingly, the combined treatment of exogenous SA-6-BA also inhibited the elongation of maize mesocotyls. The longitudinal elongation of mesocotyl cells was the main reason affecting the elongation of maize mesocotyls. Transcriptome analysis showed that exogenous SA and 6-BA may interact in the hormone signaling regulatory network of mesocotyl elongation. The differential expression of genes related to auxin (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA), brassinosteroid (BR), cytokinin (CTK) and SA signaling pathways may be related to the regulation of exogenous SA and 6-BA on the growth of mesocotyls. In addition, five candidate genes that may regulate the length of mesocotyls were screened by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). These genes may be involved in the growth of maize mesocotyls through auxin-activated signaling pathways, transmembrane transport, methylation and redox processes. The results enhance our understanding of the plant hormone regulation of mesocotyl growth, which will help to further explore and identify the key genes affecting mesocotyl growth in plant hormone signaling regulatory networks.
Topics: Zea mays; Salicylic Acid; Purines; Benzyl Compounds; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Growth Regulators; Oxylipins; Cytokinins; Seeds; Gene Expression Profiling; Signal Transduction; Indoleacetic Acids; Cyclopentanes
PubMed: 38892338
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116150 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024is a medicinal plant that has important pharmacological value, and the bulbils serve as the primary reproductive organ; however, the mechanisms underlying bulbil...
is a medicinal plant that has important pharmacological value, and the bulbils serve as the primary reproductive organ; however, the mechanisms underlying bulbil initiation remain unclear. Here, we characterized bulbil development via histological, transcriptomic, and targeted metabolomic analyses to unearth the intricate relationship between hormones, genes, and bulbil development. The results show that the bulbils initiate growth from the leaf axillary meristem (AM). In this stage, jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), isopentenyl adenosine (IPA), and salicylic acid (SA) were highly enriched, while indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and 5-dexoxystrigol (5-DS) were notably decreased. Through OPLS-DA analysis, SA has emerged as the most crucial factor in initiating and positively regulating bulbil formation. Furthermore, a strong association between IPA and SA was observed during bulbil initiation. The transcriptional changes in (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (S), (), x (), (), (), (O), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (M), (), and S () were highly correlated with hormone concentrations, indicating that bulbil initiation is coordinately controlled by multiple phytohormones. Notably, eight TFs (transcription factors) that regulate AM initiation have been identified as pivotal regulators of bulbil formation. Among these, (), (), (), and (R) have been observed to exhibit elevated expression levels. Conversely, demonstrated contrasting expression patterns. The intricate expression profiles of these TFs are closely associated with the upregulated expression of (), suggesting a intricate regulatory network underlying the complex process of bulbil initiation. This study offers a profound understanding of the bulbil initiation process and could potentially aid in refining molecular breeding techniques specific to .
Topics: Plant Growth Regulators; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Pinellia; Transcriptome; Gene Expression Profiling; Cyclopentanes; Oxylipins; Plant Proteins; Acetates; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots
PubMed: 38892337
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116149