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The Journal of General Virology Nov 2023is a thermo-tolerant, ubiquitous fungus commonly found in food products, indoor environments, soil and clinical samples. It is a well-known biocontrol agent used...
is a thermo-tolerant, ubiquitous fungus commonly found in food products, indoor environments, soil and clinical samples. It is a well-known biocontrol agent used against phytopathogenic fungi and its metabolites have many industrial applications. Rare reports of related human infections have been found in the medical literature. In this study, we report for the first time the infection of isolated from a soil sample collected in a rice field with a double-stranded RNA virus, Paeciliomyces variotii partitivirus 1 (PvPV-1) in the family harboured icosahedral virus particles 30 nm in diameter with two dsRNA segments 1758 and 1356 bp long. Both dsRNA1 and dsRNA2 have a single open reading frame encoding proteins of 63 and 40 kDa, respectively. These proteins have significant similarity to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and capsid protein encoded by the genomic segments of several viruses from the family . Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PvPV-1 belongs to the family but in an unclassified group/genus, tentatively nominated Zetapartitivirus. PvPV-1 was found to increase the growth rate of the host fungus, as indicated by time course experiments performed on a range of different media for virus-infected and virus-free isogenic lines. Further, dual-culture assays performed for both isogenic lines confirmed the antagonistic potential of against other phytopathogenic fungi. The findings of this study assist us in understanding as a potential biocontrol agent, together with plant-fungus-virus interactions.
Topics: Humans; Phylogeny; Byssochlamys; Capsid Proteins; Soil
PubMed: 38015047
DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001925 -
Marine Drugs Nov 2023A systematic investigation combined with a Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) molecular networking approach, was conducted on the metabolites of the deep-sea-derived...
A systematic investigation combined with a Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) molecular networking approach, was conducted on the metabolites of the deep-sea-derived fungus W7, leading to the isolation of three new fusaric acid derivatives, hepialiamides A-C (-) and one novel hybrid polyketide hepialide (), together with 18 known miscellaneous compounds (-). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated through detailed spectroscopic analysis. as well as TD-DFT-based ECD calculation. All isolates were tested for anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Under a concentration of 1 µM, compounds , , , , and showed potent inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 microglia cells, with inhibition rates of 34.2%, 30.7%, 32.9%, 38.6%, and 58.2%, respectively. Of particularly note is compound which exhibited the most remarkable inhibitory activity, with an IC value of 426.2 nM.
Topics: Fusaric Acid; Macrophages; Paecilomyces; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 37999419
DOI: 10.3390/md21110596 -
Poultry Science Jan 2024Fungi are pathogens that infect all types of poultry and farmers, leading to economic losses in poultry production. Fungi can be isolated from environmental samples and...
Fungi are pathogens that infect all types of poultry and farmers, leading to economic losses in poultry production. Fungi can be isolated from environmental samples and are ubiquitous in the air. This study aimed to evaluate fungal contamination in domestic duck farm environments and analyze biosecurity risk factors associated with fungal infection incidence to assess the vulnerability of the farms to fungal infection. The average fungal concentration was 203 colony-forming units (CFU)/m in the air and 365 × 10 CFU/m in the wall surface samples. Sixteen fungal genera were recovered from air and wall surface samples from 19 duck-breeding farms, Aspergillus being the most frequently isolated (air: 43.2%; wall surface: 40%). Eleven additional fungal genera (Acrophialophora, Byssochlamys, Fusarium, Lichtheimia, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Polycephalomyces, Rhizomucor, Scopulariopsis, Talaromyces, and Thermoascus) were isolated from air samples. Also, 8 additional fungal genera (Chaetomium, Lichtheimia, Penicillium, Petriella, Rhizomucor, Rhizopus, Talaromyces, and Trichosporon) were isolated from wall surface samples. The characteristics of the poultry farms (geographic region, stocking density, breeding house type, affiliate, duck age, and season) and fungal concentrations in the air and wall surface samples were analyzed to evaluate the biosecurity risk of the farms. Fungal infections were significantly affected by high stocking density (>2 ducks/m), duck age (18-25 wk and >60 wk), and high fungal concentration in the wall surface samples (>300 × 10 CFU/m).
Topics: Animals; Ducks; Farms; Biosecurity; Chickens; Plant Breeding; Poultry; Mycoses; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37925771
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103197 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jan 2024Seafood has an important role to play to achieve a sustainable food system that provides healthy food to a growing world population. Future seafood production will be...
Seafood has an important role to play to achieve a sustainable food system that provides healthy food to a growing world population. Future seafood production will be increasingly reliant on aquaculture where feed innovation is essential to reduce environmental impacts and minimize feed and food competition. This study aimed to investigate whether a novel single cell protein feed ingredient based on Paecilomyces variotii grown on a side stream from the forest industry could improve environmental sustainability of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by replacing the soy protein concentrate used today. A Life Cycle Assessment including commonly addressed impacts but also the rarely assessed biodiversity impacts was performed. Furthermore, feeding trials were included for potential effects on fish growth, i.e., an assessment of the environmental impacts for the functional unit 'kg feed required to produce 1 kg live-weight rainbow trout'. Results showed that the best experimental diet containing P. variotii performed 16-73 % better than the control diet containing soy protein concentrate in all impact categories except for energy demand (21 % higher impact). The largest environmental benefits from replacing soy protein with P. variotii in rainbow trout diets was a 73 % reduction of impact on biodiversity and halved greenhouse gas emissions. The findings have high relevance for the aquaculture industry as the production scale and feed composition was comparable to commercial operations and because the effect on fish growth from inclusion of the novel ingredient in a complete diet was evaluated. The results on biodiversity loss from land use change and exploitation through fishing suggest that fishery can dominate impacts and exclusion thereof can greatly underestimate biodiversity impact. Finally, a novel feed ingredient grown on side streams from the forest industry has potential to add to food security through decreasing the dependence on increasingly scarce agricultural land resources.
Topics: Animals; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Animal Feed; Soybean Proteins; Aquaculture; Diet; Biodiversity
PubMed: 37879474
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168018 -
Biotechnologia 2023Clonal micropropagation is an effective method for plant reproduction, applicable in both scientific and industrial domains. However, a significant number of microclones...
Clonal micropropagation is an effective method for plant reproduction, applicable in both scientific and industrial domains. However, a significant number of microclones are lost during the acclimatization process. To address this, the introduction of beneficial microorganisms into the rhizosphere of micropropagated plants could have a positive effect on the survival rates and external characteristics of acclimatized plantlets. The aim of this study was to determine the protective and growth-promoting potential of ONU547 and its effect on micropropagated plants during acclimatization. The antagonistic activity of the bacteria was determined using the agar block method. L. seeds were inoculated with bacterial suspensions at concentrations of 10, 10, and 10 CFU/ml. Subsequently, the roots of the microclones were treated with suspensions of 10 and 10 CFU/ml, and biometric characteristics were measured. The results demonstrated antagonistic properties against various phytopathogenic fungi, including , , , , , , and . Inoculation of L. seeds resulted in improved germination rates, increased root numbers, and enhanced root and shoot lengths. Similarly, the effects of the studied bacteria on L. and Steud. during the acclimatization stage led to higher survival rates, increased shoot lengths, greater node numbers, and larger leaf areas. A concentration of 10 CFU/ml was identified as optimal for inoculating the microclones. The findings indicate that ONU547 holds promise for the inoculation of micropropagated plants during the acclimatization process. Further research is recommended to establish the specific interaction mechanisms between these bacteria and plants.
PubMed: 37850117
DOI: 10.5114/bta.2023.130732 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Highly adapted obligate endoparasites of the root system, root-knot nematodes ( spp.), cause great damage to agricultural crops. Our research is aimed at the assessment...
Highly adapted obligate endoparasites of the root system, root-knot nematodes ( spp.), cause great damage to agricultural crops. Our research is aimed at the assessment of nematicidal activity and effectiveness of antagonist fungal and bacterial strains against the most common type of root-knot nematode in the south of Russia. By means of molecular genetic identification, it was found that in the south of Russia, the species Chitwood, 1949 and (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 cause galls on the roots of open-ground and greenhouse tomato. Screening of microbial agents against second-stage juvenile (J2) was carried out in the laboratory. At the end of the experiment, two liquid fungal cultures of BK-6 and BK-2 were isolated, the nematicidal activity of which reached 100.0 and 70.2%, and exceeded the values of the biological standard (Nemotafagin-Mikopro) by 38.4% and 8.8%. The highest biological efficacy was noted in the liquid cultures of BK-6, BK-2, and BK-8 when introduced into the soil before planting tomato. The number of formed galls on the roots was lower in comparison with the control by 81.0%, 75.5%, and 74.4%.
PubMed: 37765486
DOI: 10.3390/plants12183323 -
Stress Biology Aug 2023Gray mold is a destructive disease caused by Botrytis cinerea, a pervasive plant pathogen, which poses a threat to both tomato growth and postharvest storage. The...
Gray mold is a destructive disease caused by Botrytis cinerea, a pervasive plant pathogen, which poses a threat to both tomato growth and postharvest storage. The utilization of induced resistance presents a potential strategy for combating plant pathogenic attacks. ZNC (zhinengcong), an extract derived from the endophytic fungus Paecilomyces variotii, has been discovered to play a vital role in preventing diverse forms of bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism behind its ability to enhance tomato resistance to fungi remains unclear. In this study, we found that the exogenous spraying of ZNC could significantly improve the resistance of tomato plants to B. cinerea. The results of both the metabolomic analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) demonstrated that tomato plants responded to ZNC treatment by accumulating high levels of rutin. Additional transcriptome analysis uncovered that rutin enhances tomato resistance possible by initiating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPKs) related genes expression during the initial phase of invasion by B. cinerea. In addition, we also found that rutin might activate plant immunity by eliciting ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated pathways. Therefore, plant immune inducer ZNC and rutin has bright application prospects and high utilization value to control gray mold.
PubMed: 37676331
DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00106-0 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Morels ( spp.) are highly prized and popular edible mushrooms. The outdoor cultivation of morels in China first developed at the beginning of the 21st century. Several...
Morels ( spp.) are highly prized and popular edible mushrooms. The outdoor cultivation of morels in China first developed at the beginning of the 21st century. Several species, such as , , and , have been commercially cultivated in greenhouses. However, the detriments and obstacles associated with continuous cropping have become increasingly serious, reducing yields and even leading to a complete lack of fructification. It has been reported that the obstacles encountered with continuous morel cropping may be related to changes in the soil microbial community. To study the effect of dazomet treatment on the cultivation of morel under continuous cropping, soil was fumigated with dazomet before morel sowing. Alpha diversity and beta diversity analysis results showed that dazomet treatment altered the microbial communities in continuous cropping soil, which decreased the relative abundance of soil-borne fungal pathogens, including , , , , and , increased the relative abundance of beneficial soil bacteria, including and . In addition, the dazomet treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of morel mycelia in the soil and significantly improved morel yield under continuous cropping. These results verified the relationship between the obstacles associated with continuous cropping in morels and the soil microbial community and elucidated the mechanism by which the obstacle is alleviated when using dazomet treatment.
PubMed: 37614603
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1200226 -
Open Forum Infectious Diseases Aug 2023is an opportunistic mold that causes pulmonary infections in immunosuppressed humans that are often treated with triazole therapy. Lupus nephritis is a major cause of...
is an opportunistic mold that causes pulmonary infections in immunosuppressed humans that are often treated with triazole therapy. Lupus nephritis is a major cause of progressive kidney disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, often requiring cyclophosphamide-based therapies. Triazole-cyclophosphamide co-administration is challenging as triazoles increase cyclophosphamide concentrations, which can worsen cyclophosphamide toxicity. We describe herein a patient with pneumonia and concomitant lupus nephritis who was successfully treated with posaconazole and echinocandin-bridged interruptions to allow for cyclophosphamide therapy. This regimen was well-tolerated without cyclophosphamide toxicity and achieved improvements in both fungal pneumonia and renal function.
PubMed: 37564740
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad410 -
International Journal of Microbiology 2023Heat-resistant molds (HRMs) are important spoilage fungi of heat-processed fruit products worldwide. Ascospores of HRMs are widely distributed in the soil in which...
Heat-resistant molds (HRMs) are important spoilage fungi of heat-processed fruit products worldwide. Ascospores of HRMs are widely distributed in the soil in which fruits are grown and are often found associated with raw fruit materials. To date, there is little available information on the distribution of HRMs in the soil and on their heat resistance. Thus, this study determined the presence and characterized the heat resistance of HRMs in soil samples from pineapple and sugarcane fields in Thailand. HRMs were detected in all soil samples, and the most dominant species was with 50-99.2% relative abundance. Other isolates, in descending order of frequency, were , , and . Then, 100 representative HRM isolates were identified based on a combination of morphological characteristics and ITS sequences. They were classified into 5 genera and 24 species. The heat resistance of ascospores aged 30 days produced by selected HRMs was qualitatively determined in a glucose-buffered solution. Based on their log reductions after heat shock at 75°C for 30 min, they were classified as less, moderately, or highly heat-resistant ascospores. HRMs belonging to , , , , , , , and produced high heat-resistant ascospores. In addition, soil physicochemical properties significantly influenced the prevalence of HRMs, depending on the fungal genus. The thermal resistance of ascospores was significantly and positively correlated to available phosphorus, whereas it was negatively correlated to soil pH. The results of this study confirmed the presence of HRMs in soils and potential HRM contamination, especially in fruits growing in acidic or high-nutrient soils, or both.
PubMed: 37546548
DOI: 10.1155/2023/8347560