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Journal of Personalized Medicine Jun 2024A cesarean section for intrapartum fetal compromise (IFC) is performed to avoid potential damage to the newborn. It is, therefore, crucial to develop an accurate...
OBJECTIVE
A cesarean section for intrapartum fetal compromise (IFC) is performed to avoid potential damage to the newborn. It is, therefore, crucial to develop an accurate prediction model that can anticipate, prior to labor, which fetus may be at risk of presenting this condition.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
To calculate a prediction model for IFC, the clinical, epidemiological, and ultrasonographic variables of 538 patients admitted to the maternity of La Fe Hospital were studied and evaluated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis, using the area under the curve (AUC) and the Akaike Information Criteria (AIC).
RESULTS
In the univariable analysis, CPR MoM was the best single parameter for the prediction of CS for IFC (OR 0.043, < 0.0001; AUC 0.72, < 0.0001). Concerning the multivariable analysis, for the general population, the best prediction model (lower AIC) included the CPR multiples of the median (MoM), the maternal age, height, and parity, the smoking habits, and the type of labor onset (spontaneous or induction) (AUC 0.80, < 0.0001). In contrast, for the pregnancies undergoing labor induction, the best prediction model included the CPR MoM, the maternal height and parity, and the smoking habits (AUC 0.80, < 0.0001). None of the models included estimated fetal weight (EFW).
CONCLUSIONS
CS for IFC can be moderately predicted prior to labor using maternal characteristics and CPR MoM. A validation study is pending to apply these models in daily clinical practice.
PubMed: 38929879
DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060658 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jun 2024: One of the most significant psychiatric problems in women is depression related to the perinatal period. Our study aims to determine the frequency and course of... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
: One of the most significant psychiatric problems in women is depression related to the perinatal period. Our study aims to determine the frequency and course of depressive symptomatology in the perinatal period with particular reference to objective rate and outcome of postpartum depression. : One hundred and eighty-eight pregnant/postnatal women were included in a prospective, longitudinal, observational study during which the depressive symptomatology was estimated at the third trimester of pregnancy, and the first, sixth, and twelfth month' postpartum. All participants completed a semi-structured sociodemographic questionnaire constructed for research purposes, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and The Mood Disorder Questionnaire at each time point. Postpartum depression diagnosis was confirmed by a trained and certified psychiatrist with long-standing experience. For a better understanding of the trajectory of depressive symptomatology and genuine postpartum depression, we classified depression into those with new-onset and those left over from the previous observation period. In general, 48.9% of participants in the study were depressed at some point during the investigation. A total of 10.6% of women were depressed in the third trimester. The highest percentage of new-onset depression (25%) was in the first month after giving birth and was maintained for up to six months, after which the appearance was sporadic. Most of the postpartum depression resolved in the period from the first month to the sixth month after childbirth (20.7%). The episodes mainly had characteristics of unipolar depression. Our results imply that a new onset of depression is most intensive during the first six months, and after that, it is sporadic. Further studies are needed to explore whether all depressive symptomatology in the postnatal period is the same, or perhaps postpartum depression, classified in this way, has specific characteristics, etiology, and consequently different treatment and preventive options.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Adult; Prospective Studies; Depression, Postpartum; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Longitudinal Studies; Depression; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Parity; Surveys and Questionnaires; Mothers; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 38929587
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060970 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2024In most current farm operations, lactating sows need to overcome reproductive and environmental stresses that have resulted in poor sow production performance and piglet...
In most current farm operations, lactating sows need to overcome reproductive and environmental stresses that have resulted in poor sow production performance and piglet growth. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of in-feed supplementation of monosodium glutamate (MSG) in sows during late gestation lactation in regard to litter performance. The study subjects were 12 multi-parity sows (Landrace × Large White), farrowing sows with an average parity of four (three with three parities, seven with four parities, and two with five parities). They were randomly divided into the following two diet groups: the basal diet as a control (CON) group based on corn and soybean meal; and the basal diet + 2% MSG group. The experimental time ranged from 109 days before delivery to 21 days after delivery. There were six sows in each group, and each sow served as the experimental unit. There were no significant differences ( > 0.05) in body weight (BW), back fat (BF) thickness and estrus interval between sows supplemented with 2% MSG in their diets before and after farrowing and during weaning ( > 0.05). However, MSG-treated sows tended to increase BW loss at farrowing more than the CON group ( = 0.093) but lost less weight during lactation than the CON group ( = 0.019). There were no significant differences in the body condition scores (BCSs) and BF loss of the two groups of sows before and after farrowing and at weaning ( > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the weight of newborn piglets between the two groups of sows ( > 0.05). The weaning weight ( = 0.020) and average daily gain (ADG) ( = 0.045) of suckling piglets were higher in the MSG treated group compared to the CON group. The daily milk production of sows in the MSG treatment group was higher compared to the CON group ( = 0.045). The protein concentration of milk at week 3 ( = 0.060) and fat concentration of milk at week 5 ( = 0.095) of the MSG-supplemented sows tended to increase more than the CON group. In summary, the dietary inclusion of MSG supplementation had a beneficial effect on the late gestating sows and their piglet's growth and milk production. Our research has shown that the addition of 2% MSG in late gestation and lactation diet would be beneficial for both sow and piglet production.
PubMed: 38929333
DOI: 10.3390/ani14121714 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Oxidative stress damage in periparturient cows decreases both production and their health; supplementation with complex additives during the periparturient period has...
Oxidative stress damage in periparturient cows decreases both production and their health; supplementation with complex additives during the periparturient period has been used as an important strategy to enhance the antioxidant status and production of dairy cows. The periparturient cows not only risk a negative energy balance due to reduced dry matter intake but also represent a sensitive period for oxidative stress. Therefore, we have developed an immunomodulatory and nutritional regulation combined additive (INC) that hopefully can improve the immune status and production of cows during the periparturient period and their offspring health and growth by improving their antioxidant stress status. The INC comprised a diverse array of additives, including water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, Selenomethionine, and active dry Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Forty-five multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to three treatments: CON (no INC supplementation, = 15), INC30 (30 g/d INC supplementation, = 15), and INC60 (60 g/d INC supplementation, = 15) based on last lactation milk yield, body condition score, and parity. Newborn calves were administered 4 L of maternal colostrum originating from the corresponding treatment and categorized based on the treatment received by their respective dams. The INC not only served to maintain the antioxidative stress system of dairy cows during the periparturient period but also showed a tendency to improve the immune response (lower tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6) during the perinatal period. A linear decrease in concentrations of alkaline phosphatase postpartum and β-hydroxybutyrate was observed with INC supplementation. Milk fat yield, milk protein yield, and energy-corrected milk yield were also increased linearly with increasing additive supplementation. Calves in the INC30 group exhibited greater wither height and chest girth but no significant effect on average daily gain or body weight. The diarrhea frequency was linearly decreased with the incremental level of INC. Results indicate that supplementation with INC in peripartum dairy cows could be a major strategy to improve immune response, decrease inflammation, maintain antioxidant stress status in transition dairy cows, and have merit in their calves. In conclusion, this study underlines the benefits of INC supplementation during the transition period, as it improved anti-inflammatory capacity, could positively impact antioxidative stress capacity, and eventually enhanced the production performance of dairy cows and the health and growth of calves.
PubMed: 38929089
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060650 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Yak milk, known as the "liquid gold", is a nutritious food with extensive consumption. Compared with cow milk, yak milk contains higher levels of nutrients such as dry...
Yak milk, known as the "liquid gold", is a nutritious food with extensive consumption. Compared with cow milk, yak milk contains higher levels of nutrients such as dry matter, milk fat, and milk protein, which demonstrates great potential for exploitation and utilization. Protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1 () is an important functional molecule in the cGMP signaling pathway, and its significant influence on milk fatty acids has been discovered. The aim of this study is to explore the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene and the quality traits of Gannan yak milk in order to identify candidate molecular markers for Gannan yak breeding. In this study, genotyping was performed on 172 healthy, 4-5-year-old lactating Gannan yaks with similar body types, naturally grazed, and two to three parity. Three SNPs (g.404195C>T, g.404213C>T, and g.760138T>C) were detected in the gene of Gannan yaks, which were uniformly distributed in the yak population. Linkage disequilibrium analysis was conducted, revealing complete linkage disequilibrium between g.404195C>T and g.404213C>T. After conducting a correlation analysis between SNPs in the gene and milk quality in Gannan yaks, we found that SNPs significantly increased the content of casein, protein, and SNFs in yak milk. Among them, the TT homozygous genotype at the g.404195C>T loci exhibited higher casein and protein contents compared to the CC and CT genotypes ( < 0.05). The SNP g.760138T>C locus was associated with casein, protein, SNFs, and TS traits ( < 0.05). The CC genotype had higher casein and protein contents than the TT and TA genotypes ( < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in milk fat, lactose, and acidity among the three genotypes ( > 0.05). In summary, gene polymorphism can serve as a candidate molecular marker for improving milk quality in Gannan yaks.
PubMed: 38928854
DOI: 10.3390/foods13121913 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Lead-free halide double perovskite CsAgInCl has been extensively studied in recent years due to the lead toxicity and poor stability of common lead halide perovskites....
Lead-free halide double perovskite CsAgInCl has been extensively studied in recent years due to the lead toxicity and poor stability of common lead halide perovskites. In this study, sodium (Na) and bismuth (Bi) doped into CsAgInCl double perovskite, then CsAgNaInBiCl films with broadband warm-yellow emissions were achieved by the blade coating method. Herein, Na and Bi content were changed as variables at a series of parameter optimization experiments, respectively. In the CsAgNaInBiCl systems, Na broke the parity-forbidden transition of CsAgInCl, and Bi suppressed non-radiative recombination. The partial replacement of Ag with Na ions and doping with Bi cations were crucial for increasing the intensity of the PL emission. The experimental results showed that the photoluminescence quantum yield of the CsAgNaInBiCl film was 66.38%, which was the highest data among all samples. It demonstrated remarkable stability under heat and ultraviolet conditions. After five thermal cycles, the PL intensity of the CsAgNaInBiCl film is only reduced to approximately 5.7% of the initial value. After 720 h continuous ultraviolet irradiation, there occurred 31.9% emission decay of the film.
PubMed: 38926459
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65492-5 -
PloS One 2024Maternal disorders are the third leading cause of sepsis globally, accounting for 5.7 million (12%) cases in 2017. There are increasing concerns about the emergence of...
INTRODUCTION
Maternal disorders are the third leading cause of sepsis globally, accounting for 5.7 million (12%) cases in 2017. There are increasing concerns about the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria commonly causing maternal sepsis. Our aim is to describe the protocol for a clinical and microbiology laboratory study to understand risk factors for and the bacterial etiology of maternal sepsis in a tertiary Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital.
METHODS
This case-control study aims to recruit 100 cases and 200 controls at Tu Du Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, which had approximately 55,000 births in 2022. Women aged ≥ 18 years and ≥ 28 weeks gestation having a singleton birth will be eligible for inclusion as cases or controls, unless they have an uncomplicated localised or chronic infection, or an infection with SARS-CoV-2. Cases will include pregnant or recently pregnant women with sepsis recognised between the onset of labour and/or time of delivery/cessation of pregnancy for up to 42 days post-partum. Sepsis will be defined as suspected or confirmed infection with an obstetrically modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of ≥ 2, treatment with intravenous antimicrobials and requested cultures of any bodily fluid. Controls will be matched by age, location, parity, mode of delivery and gestational age. Primary and secondary outcomes are risk factors associated with the development of maternal sepsis, the frequency of adverse outcomes due to maternal sepsis, bacterial etiology and AMR profiles of cases and controls.
DISCUSSION
This study will improve understanding of the epidemiology and clinical implications of maternal sepsis management including the presence of AMR in women giving birth in Vietnam. It will help us to determine whether women in this setting are receiving optimal care and to identify opportunities for improvement.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Case-Control Studies; Risk Factors; Sepsis; Vietnam; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38924013
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305411 -
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The complexity in stock index futures markets, influenced by the intricate interplay of human behavior, is characterized as nonlinearity and dynamism, contributing to...
The complexity in stock index futures markets, influenced by the intricate interplay of human behavior, is characterized as nonlinearity and dynamism, contributing to significant uncertainty in long-term price forecasting. While machine learning models have demonstrated their efficacy in stock price forecasting, they rely solely on historical price data, which, given the inherent volatility and dynamic nature of financial markets, are insufficient to address the complexity and uncertainty in long-term forecasting due to the limited connection between historical and forecasting prices. This paper introduces a pioneering approach that integrates financial theory with advanced deep learning methods to enhance predictive accuracy and risk management in China's stock index futures market. The SF-Transformer model, combining spot-forward parity and the Transformer model, is proposed to improve forecasting accuracy across short and long-term horizons. Formulated upon the arbitrage-free futures pricing model, the spot-forward parity model offers variables such as stock index price, risk-free rate, and stock index dividend yield for forecasting. Our insight is that the mutual information generated by these variables has the potential to significantly reduce uncertainty in long-term forecasting. A case study on predicting major stock index futures prices in China demonstrates the superiority of the SF-Transformer model over models based on LSTM, MLP, and the stock index futures arbitrage-free pricing model, covering both short and long-term forecasting up to 28 days. Unlike existing machine learning models, the Transformer processes entire time series concurrently, leveraging its attention mechanism to discern intricate dependencies and capture long-range relationships, thereby offering a holistic understanding of time series data. An enhancement of mutual information is observed after introducing spot-forward parity in the forecasting. The variation of mutual information and ablation study results highlights the significant contributions of spot-forward parity, particularly to the long-term forecasting. Overall, these findings highlight the SF-Transformer model's efficacy in leveraging spot-forward parity for reducing uncertainty and advancing robust and comprehensive approaches in long-term stock index futures price forecasting.
PubMed: 38920487
DOI: 10.3390/e26060478 -
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024In digital baseband processing, the forward error correction (FEC) unit belongs to the most demanding components in terms of computational complexity and power...
In digital baseband processing, the forward error correction (FEC) unit belongs to the most demanding components in terms of computational complexity and power consumption. Hence, efficient implementation of FEC decoders is crucial for next-generation mobile broadband standards and an ongoing research topic. Quantization has a significant impact on the decoder area, power consumption and throughput. Thus, lower bit widths are preferred for efficient implementations but degrade the error correction capability. To address this issue, a non-uniform quantization based on the Information Bottleneck (IB) method is proposed that enables a low bit width while maintaining the essential information. Many investigations on the use of the IB method for Low-density parity-check code) LDPC decoders exist and have shown its advantages from an implementation perspective. However, for polar code decoder implementations, there exists only one publication that is not based on the state-of-the-art Fast Simplified Successive-Cancellation (Fast-SSC) decoding algorithm, and only synthesis implementation results without energy estimation are shown. In contrast, our paper presents several optimized Fast-SSC polar code decoder implementations using IB-based quantization with placement and routing results using advanced 12 nm FinFET technology. Gains of up to 16% in area and 13% in energy efficiency are achieved with IB-based quantization at a Frame Error Rate (FER) of 10-7 and a polar code of N=1024,R=0.5 compared to state-of-the-art decoders.
PubMed: 38920471
DOI: 10.3390/e26060462 -
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024In this review, the concepts of quantum tunneling and parity violation are introduced in the context of chiral molecules. A particle moving in a double well potential...
In this review, the concepts of quantum tunneling and parity violation are introduced in the context of chiral molecules. A particle moving in a double well potential provides a good model to study the behavior of chiral molecules, where the left well and right well represent the and enantiomers, respectively. If the model considers the quantum behavior of matter, the concept of quantum tunneling emerges, giving place to stereomutation dynamics between left- and right-handed chiral molecules. Parity-violating interactions, like the electroweak one, can be also considered, making possible the existence of an energy difference between the and enantiomers, the so-called parity-violating energy difference (PVED). Here we provide a brief account of some theoretical methods usually employed to calculate this PVED, also commenting on relevant experiments devoted to experimentally detect the aforementioned PVED in chiral molecules. Finally, we comment on some ways of solving the so-called Hund's paradox, with emphasis on mean-field theory and decoherence.
PubMed: 38920465
DOI: 10.3390/e26060456