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Scientific Reports May 2024Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) lacks clear biomarkers in clinical practice. Language as a potential diagnostic biomarker for PTSD is investigated in this study....
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) lacks clear biomarkers in clinical practice. Language as a potential diagnostic biomarker for PTSD is investigated in this study. We analyze an original cohort of 148 individuals exposed to the November 13, 2015, terrorist attacks in Paris. The interviews, conducted 5-11 months after the event, include individuals from similar socioeconomic backgrounds exposed to the same incident, responding to identical questions and using uniform PTSD measures. Using this dataset to collect nuanced insights that might be clinically relevant, we propose a three-step interdisciplinary methodology that integrates expertise from psychiatry, linguistics, and the Natural Language Processing (NLP) community to examine the relationship between language and PTSD. The first step assesses a clinical psychiatrist's ability to diagnose PTSD using interview transcription alone. The second step uses statistical analysis and machine learning models to create language features based on psycholinguistic hypotheses and evaluate their predictive strength. The third step is the application of a hypothesis-free deep learning approach to the classification of PTSD in our cohort. Results show that the clinical psychiatrist achieved a diagnosis of PTSD with an AUC of 0.72. This is comparable to a gold standard questionnaire (Area Under Curve (AUC) ≈ 0.80). The machine learning model achieved a diagnostic AUC of 0.69. The deep learning approach achieved an AUC of 0.64. An examination of model error informs our discussion. Importantly, the study controls for confounding factors, establishes associations between language and DSM-5 subsymptoms, and integrates automated methods with qualitative analysis. This study provides a direct and methodologically robust description of the relationship between PTSD and language. Our work lays the groundwork for advancing early and accurate diagnosis and using linguistic markers to assess the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments and psychotherapies.
Topics: Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Humans; Deep Learning; Male; Machine Learning; Female; Adult; Language; Natural Language Processing; Biomarkers; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38816468
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61557-7 -
Phytomedicine : International Journal... Jul 2024Xiaoyao pills (XYP) is a commercial Chinese patent medicine used in the treatment of depression. However, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects, as well as... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Xiaoyao pills (XYP) is a commercial Chinese patent medicine used in the treatment of depression. However, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects, as well as the patients who can benefit from XYP, have not been evaluated so far.
OBJECTIVES
To this end, we conducted a double-blinded, random, and placebo-controlled clinical trial of orally administered XYP in patients with depression.
METHODS
The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) scores were recorded at baseline, and every 2 weeks after the start of treatment. To further elucidate the epigenetic mechanism of XYP, we performed mRNA sequencing and genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing using peripheral blood leukocytes of patients and healthy.
RESULTS
XYP effectively alleviated the symptoms in patients with mild or moderate depressive disorders, particularly that of psychomotor retardation. XYP restored aberrant gene expression and DNA methylation patterns associated with depression, and the normalization of DNA methylation correlated with downregulation of several genes. In addition, altered DNA methylation levels in the XYP-treated samples were attributed to increased expression of the DNA methyltransferase DNMT1.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study provides new insights into the epigenetic mechanism underlying depression and the therapeutic effects of XYP, along with an experimental basis for using XYP in the treatment of depression.
TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION
The name of the registry and number: U.S.
CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY
The link to the registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ISRCTN12746343 (https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12746343). The name of the trial register is "Efficacy and safety of the Xiaoyao pill for improving the clinical symptoms of stagnation of liver qi (chi) and spleen deficiency". The clinical trial registration number is ISRCTN12746343.
Topics: Humans; DNA Methylation; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Double-Blind Method; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Depression; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; Epigenesis, Genetic; Antidepressive Agents
PubMed: 38815407
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155660 -
Mycology 2024This paper discusses the interaction between two substantial debates in taxonomy and nomenclature: The potential introduction of DNA-only types into fungal taxonomy and... (Review)
Review
This paper discusses the interaction between two substantial debates in taxonomy and nomenclature: The potential introduction of DNA-only types into fungal taxonomy and whether certain species names are offensive and should be changed. It argues that the acceptance of DNA sequences as types will likely lead to a proliferation of eponyms (species named after a person or persons) and that this will render them more likely to censure thus creating a point of instability in the fungal nomenclature. More fundamentally, it seeks to highlight the cultural and aesthetic attraction of names and to promote wider conversation on why we consider the Latin binomial central in our description of species.
PubMed: 38813474
DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2295412 -
Heliyon May 2024Members of the genus, a crop in the Zingiberaceae, are widely utilized rhizomatous herbs globally. There are two distinct species, Roxb. and Roscoe, referred to the...
Members of the genus, a crop in the Zingiberaceae, are widely utilized rhizomatous herbs globally. There are two distinct species, Roxb. and Roscoe, referred to the same vernacular name "Wan Chak Motluk" in Thai. holds economic importance and is extensively used as a Thai traditional medicine due to its phytoestrogenic properties. However, its morphology closely resembles that of , which contains zederone, a compound known for its hepatotoxic effects. They are often confused, which may affect the quality, efficacy and safety of the derived herbal materials. Thus, DNA markers were developed for discriminating from . This study focused on analyzing core DNA barcode regions, including L, K, A-H spacer and ITS2, of the authentic and species. As a result, no variable nucleotides in core DNA barcode regions were observed. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome was introduced to differentiate between the two species. The comparison revealed that the cp genomes of and were 162,272 and 162,289 bp, respectively, with a total of 133 identified genes. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that and exhibited a very close relationship with other species. The cp genome of and were identified for the first time, providing valuable insights for species identification and evolutionary research within the Zingiberaceae family.
PubMed: 38813184
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31248 -
Heliyon May 2024This study aims to explore the effect of eco-innovation and renewable energy on carbon dioxide emissions (CDE) for G7 countries. Using regression models, the results...
This study aims to explore the effect of eco-innovation and renewable energy on carbon dioxide emissions (CDE) for G7 countries. Using regression models, the results reveal that eco-innovation and renewable energy lead to reducing CDE in the presence of governance variables. Additional analysis is conducted to examine whether Hofstede national culture dimensions moderate the nexus of "eco-innovation- carbon emission" and "renewable energy-carbon emission". The results show that individualism, long-term orientation, and indulgence dimensions moderate positively the eco-innovation-carbon emission relationship. Moreover, power distance and uncertainty avoidance dimensions moderate the relationship between renewable energy and CDE and help reduce carbon emissions. The outcomes of this study provide new insights and directives for policymakers and regulators. In fact, increased investment in eco-innovation and renewable energy will support the environmental agenda of G7 countries. National cultural dimensions should be taken into consideration to improve awareness of environmental quality. Moreover, the combination of governance indicators plays a key role in environmental sustainability.
PubMed: 38813154
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31142 -
Bone Reports Jun 2024Objective Isotretinoin, also known as 13-cis-retinoic acid, is an isomer of tretinoin, the oxidized form of Vitamin A. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is the result of...
Objective Isotretinoin, also known as 13-cis-retinoic acid, is an isomer of tretinoin, the oxidized form of Vitamin A. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is the result of a cascade of inflammatory responses stimulated by a physical element that is the force generated by orthodontic appliances. Isotretinoin is mainly used among adolescents and young adults, and coincidentally it is this age group that also undergoes orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods Fifty-five animals were used, and they were randomly divided into 11 groups, containing 5 animals in each group. Group 1: Control; Group 2: OTM for 7 days; Group 3: OTM for 14 days; Group 4: Treated with isotretinoin for 14 days with a dosage of 7.5 mg/kg/day; Group 5: Treated with isotretinoin for 14 days with a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg/day; Group 6: Treated with isotretinoin for 21 days with a dosage of 7.5 mg/kg/day; Group 7: Treated with isotretinoin for 21 days with a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg/day; Group 8: Treated with isotretinoin for 14 days with a dosage of 7.5 mg/kg/day and undergoing OTM for 7 days; Group 9: Treated with isotretinoin for 14 days with a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg/day and undergoing OTM for 7 days; Group 10: Treated with isotretinoin for 21 days with a dosage of 7.5 mg/kg/day and undergoing OTM for 14 days; Group 11: Treated with isotretinoin for 21 days with a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg/day and undergoing OTM for 14 days. In Groups 8, 9, 10 and 11, the animals were treated with isotretinoin for 7 days before OTM and maintained during the movement period in the respective groups. Results There was a significant difference in microtomographic parameters, including Trabecular Volume (BV/TV), Trabecular Thickness (Tb.Th), Number of Trabeculae (Tb.N), and Trabecular Separation (Tb.Sp), between the groups. The group that received orthodontic force in conjunction with isotretinoin treatment at a dosage of 7.5 mg/kg/day exhibited lower tooth displacement over a period of 21 days and 14 days. Conclusion Isotretinoin caused a reduction in tooth displacement during OTM when administered at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg/day and isotretinoin did change the microtomographic parameters of treated animals.
PubMed: 38812839
DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101775 -
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &... Jul 2024Breast hypertrophy may cause significant suffering, such as back- and breast pain, painful shoulder groves, and eczemas. Furthermore, women with breast hypertrophy may...
BACKGROUND
Breast hypertrophy may cause significant suffering, such as back- and breast pain, painful shoulder groves, and eczemas. Furthermore, women with breast hypertrophy may have lower quality of life than women without breast hypertrophy. Although 50% of the women undergoing breast reduction in the US have body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m, the current standard of normality is based on studies focusing on women <40 years of age and BMIs <25 kg/m. This study aimed to present reference values for breast measurements for women with obesity and to investigate the relationship between BMI loss and each breast measurement.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred and six women underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in Gothenburg, Sweden. The participants' breast anthropometrics were measured before and after bariatric surgery and their perception of the skin on their breasts was measured using the Sahlgrenska Excess Skin Questionnaire.
RESULTS
Breast volume, sternal notch to nipple (SNN) distance, and ptosis increased significantly with increasing BMI. For instance, women with BMIs between 30-34.9 kg/m have a mean breast volume of approximately 770 ml, those with BMIs of 40-44.9 kg/m have approximately 1150 ml, and those with BMIs above 50 kg/m have approximately 1400 ml. Furthermore, the percent change in the respective breast measurements relative to percent BMI change can be predicted, for instance, with a 20% reduction in BMI, the breast volume, SNN-distance, and ptosis decrease by 25%, 4%, and 20% respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
This article presents the first standard of normality for breast anthropometrics in women with obesity and a model for predicting the change in breast anthropometrics relative to BMI.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
This is a longitudinal observation study, registered https://fou.nu/is/gsb/ansokan/49651, No: VGFOUGSB-49651. Trial registry name: "Överskottshud efter överviktskirurgi - dess utveckling samt behov och effekt av plastikkirurgi" ("Excess skin after bariatric surgery - its development and the need and effect of plastic surgery").
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast; Weight Loss; Adult; Body Mass Index; Reference Values; Middle Aged; Obesity; Mammaplasty; Gastric Bypass; Hypertrophy; Sweden
PubMed: 38810359
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2024.05.021 -
Plant Diversity Mar 2024•The pyIFPNI package assists researchers in accessing, retrieving, and utilizing data from the IFPNI portal.•This package provides nine fundamental methods, which...
•The pyIFPNI package assists researchers in accessing, retrieving, and utilizing data from the IFPNI portal.•This package provides nine fundamental methods, which are categorized into three groups according to their purpose: taxon name search, publication search, and author search.•There are 15 advanced methods that allow for finding parent or descendent taxa of target taxa, searching for plant taxa within target publications, and locating publications by paleobotanists associated with specific taxa.•This package automatically merges result entries and allows for effortless saving to a CSV file.
PubMed: 38807908
DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.12.001 -
Clinical and Translational Science Jun 2024A study to determine the impact of cyclosporine (Neoral), an inhibitor of P-gp, on the pharmacokinetics of pralsetinib (trade name GAVRETO®) was conducted in 15 healthy...
A study to determine the impact of cyclosporine (Neoral), an inhibitor of P-gp, on the pharmacokinetics of pralsetinib (trade name GAVRETO®) was conducted in 15 healthy adult volunteers. A single 200 mg dose of pralsetinib was administered orally alone and in combination with cyclosporine with a 9-day washout between treatments. Co-administration with cyclosporine resulted in a clinically relevant increase in pralsetinib maximum plasma concentration (C) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC) with associated geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of 148% (109, 201) and 181% (136, 241), respectively. These findings provide insight into concomitant dosing of pralsetinib with inhibitors of P-gp given the increases in pralsetinib exposure observed when administered with cyclosporine. Based on these results, co-administration of pralsetinib with P-gp inhibitors is not recommended. In the event that co-administration cannot be avoided, it is recommended that the dose of pralsetinib be reduced.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Cyclosporine; Female; Drug Interactions; Young Adult; Healthy Volunteers; Area Under Curve; Middle Aged; Administration, Oral; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Benzimidazoles
PubMed: 38807449
DOI: 10.1111/cts.13818 -
Journal of Translational Medicine May 2024Substantial evidence embraced the nutrition competence of the Mediterranean diet (MD) as a healthy model for decreasing the risk of chronic diseases and increasing...
BACKGROUND
Substantial evidence embraced the nutrition competence of the Mediterranean diet (MD) as a healthy model for decreasing the risk of chronic diseases and increasing longevity, with the bonus of ensuring environmental sustainability. Measuring adherence to this diet is marginally investigated in the Arabian Gulf region, an area away from the Mediterranean region. The current study aimed to assess the MD adherence among adults in Sharjah/the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and to identify the most influential predictors for MD adherence among the study participants.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study design was employed using a self-reported, web-based electronic questionnaire that questioned sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, and familiarity with the MD. The MD adherence was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener validated questionnaire. The adherence level was classified as low for a total score of [0-5], medium [score 6-7], and high (8-13).
RESULTS
The study included 1314 participants (age 25-52 years) comprised 822 (62.6%) females and 492 (37.4%) males. There was a moderate adherence score (5.9 ± 1.9) among the study participants. The food constituent expressed the lowest contribution to the MD was fish (9.3%), followed by fruits (12.3%), and legumes (18.3%). The multivariable linear regression analysis showed an overall significant linear trend for the association between the MD adherence score and physical activity, while nutrition information from dietitians and social media were the most two strongly related predictors for the higher adherence (β = 0.747; 95% CI 0.51-0.98, and β 0.60; 95% CI 0.269-0.93; p < 0.001, respectively). On the other side, being a smoker and from a non-Mediterranean country was associated with lower adherence scores (β = 0.538; 95% CI 0.252-0.82, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The findings of the current study showed a moderate adherence, low proportion for high adherence, and a gap in the familiarity with the diet name. Being married, physically active, non-smoker, and getting nutrition information from dietitians and social media were the strongest predictors for higher adherence. It is warranted that public health and nutrition specialists/dietitians to tailor new modern approaches for promoting healthy dietary behaviours consistent with the MD.
Topics: Humans; United Arab Emirates; Diet, Mediterranean; Male; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Middle Aged; Adult; Patient Compliance; Surveys and Questionnaires; Life Style; Feeding Behavior
PubMed: 38807139
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05172-0