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Cureus May 2024Destructive thyroiditis and secondary adrenal insufficiency are major endocrinological immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the...
Destructive thyroiditis and secondary adrenal insufficiency are major endocrinological immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the timing at which each event occurs most frequently after drug administration varies, and cases where multiple events occur simultaneously are rare. We encountered a patient who concurrently suffered from thyrotoxicosis and adrenal insufficiency. An 80-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) was diagnosed with stage IVA squamous cell carcinoma of the lungs. Treatment with a combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab was initiated. Although she tested positive for thyroglobulin antibody and transient subclinical hyperthyroidism was observed after two courses, treatment with ICIs was continued. Four months later, treatment was discontinued due to drug-induced lung disease. One month after the last administration, the patient became unconscious and was admitted to another hospital, diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis, urinary tract infection, and sepsis. After acute-phase treatment, she was transferred to our hospital due to persistent fever and tachycardia. Thyrotoxicosis and adrenal insufficiency were observed, with high levels of free thyroxine, low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and cortisol levels. Treatment with extracellular fluids, potassium iodide, beta-blockers, and hydrocortisone was initiated, and the patient's condition improved. No other pituitary hormone deficiencies were observed. She was diagnosed with painless thyroiditis and secondary adrenal insufficiency based on the positive thyroglobulin antibody, negative TSH receptor antibody, decreased Doppler flow in thyroid ultrasonography, low adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), and low response of ACTH and cortisol to corticotropin-releasing hormone loading test. MRI revealed no abnormalities. We report a case of thyrotoxicosis and secondary adrenal insufficiency five months after the first administration of nivolumab and ipilimumab. Careful follow-up and early detection of endocrine disorders are critical in patients treated with a combination of ICIs.
PubMed: 38910605
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60850 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2024Erythrosine+potassium iodide-mediated photodynamic therapy has shown an anticandidal effect. Single session, however, has inadequate fungal inhibition.
BACKGROUND
Erythrosine+potassium iodide-mediated photodynamic therapy has shown an anticandidal effect. Single session, however, has inadequate fungal inhibition.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to examine the effects of multiple aPDT sessions on inhibition and singlet oxygen formation.
METHODS
220 μM erythrosine +/-100 mM potassium iodide was applied to biofilms for 1 min prior to irradiation at 530±10 nm using a 250 mW/cm light-emitting diode. Negative and positive controls were phosphate buffer saline and nystatin, respectively. Single, double and triple irradiation sessions with a 5 min resting time between sessions were performed. Post-treatment candidal counts were done at 0, 1 6 and 24 hr while log colony forming unit/ml was calculated and compared using a Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post hoc test at a <0.05 - Singlet oxygen amount was compared using one-way ANOVA with a post hoc test at a < 0.05.
RESULTS
Two and three irradiation sessions to erythrosine+potassium iodide could inhibit at 7.92 logCFU/ml ( < 0.001) . Singlet oxygen from a combination groups was significantly higher than for erythrosine (positive control). Moreover, the correlation coefficient (r) between singlet oxygen production and decreased counts was equal to 1.
CONCLUSION
Multiple sessions PDT of 220 μM erythrosine+100 mM potassium iodide effectively inhibited a biofilm.
PubMed: 38903483
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2369357 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2024Chromoblastomycosis (CMB) is a chronic granulomatous fungal infection that affect the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is clinically problematic due to limited...
BACKGROUND
Chromoblastomycosis (CMB) is a chronic granulomatous fungal infection that affect the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is clinically problematic due to limited treatment options, low cure rates, and high rates of relapse. This underscores the necessity for innovative treatment approaches. In this study, potassium iodide (KI) combined with Methylene Blue (MB) mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) were assessed in the treatment of Fonsecaea monophora (F. monophora) both in vitro and in vivo. And the underlying mechanism that contributes to the efficacy of this treatment approach was investigated.
METHODS
In vitro experiments were conducted using different combinations and concentrations of MB, KI, and 660 nm light (60 mW/cm) to inhibit F. monophora. The study was carried out using colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The production of singlet oxygen (O), free iodine (I), hydrogen peroxide (HO), and superoxide anion during the KI combined MB-mediated antimicrobial PDT process was also detected. In vivo experiments were developed using a Balb/c mouse paw infection model with F. monophora and treated with PBS, 10 mM KI, 2 mM MB +100 J/cm² and 10 mM KI+2 mM MB +100 J/cm² respectively. Inflammatory swelling, fungal load and histopathological analyses of the mouse footpads were assessed.
RESULTS
KI enhanced the killing effect of MB-mediated antimicrobial PDT on the conidial spores of F. monophora at the cell and infected animal model level. During the process, the main antimicrobial agents in KI combined with MB- mediated antimicrobial PDT could produce stronger toxic active species including free I and HO CONCLUSION: KI combined with MB-mediated antimicrobial PDT could be an effective adjunct therapy for treating CBM.
PubMed: 38901715
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104255 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024The black staining effect of silver-containing solutions for use to arrest caries can have a negative aesthetic impact on children and parents. This study aims to assess...
BACKGROUND
The black staining effect of silver-containing solutions for use to arrest caries can have a negative aesthetic impact on children and parents. This study aims to assess the staining effects of Silver Diamine Fluoride/Potassium Iodide (SDF/KI), SDF and Nanosilver Fluoride (NSF).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-four extracted carious primary molars were collected and randomly divided into four groups (n = 11). The carious tissue in all teeth was removed using a chemo-mechanical caries removal agent with an excavator. After caries removal in all groups, SDF, SDF/KI, and NSF were applied to the different groups, while no solution was applied to the control group. Subsequently, the teeth in all groups were restored with compomer. Color values L*, a* and b* were measured using a spectrophotometer at three time points: immediately after compomer restoration (T), one week later (T), and four week later (T). Changes in brightness (ΔL) and color (ΔE) over time were calculated and comparisons among groups were made.
RESULTS
The SDF solution induced statistically significant black staining (p = 0.013) and a decrease in L* value (p < 0.001) on the compomer material compared to the other groups over time.
CONCLUSIONS
It was observed that SDF/KI has the potential to reduce the black staining effect of SDF, though not entirely. Novel experimental solutions like NSF may offer an alternative to counteract the staining effect of SDF.
Topics: Silver Compounds; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Potassium Iodide; Humans; Fluorides, Topical; In Vitro Techniques; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Caries; Tooth Discoloration; Tooth, Deciduous; Spectrophotometry; Molar
PubMed: 38880907
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04370-y -
Exploration (Beijing, China) Feb 2024Halide perovskite solar cells are characterized by a hysteresis between current-voltage (- curves recorded on the reverse and on the forward scan directions, and the...
Halide perovskite solar cells are characterized by a hysteresis between current-voltage (- curves recorded on the reverse and on the forward scan directions, and the suppression of this phenomenon has focused great attention. In the present work, it is shown that a special family of 3D perovskites, that are rendered lead -and iodide- deficient (d-HPs) by incorporating large organic cations, are characterized by a large hysteresis. The strategy of passivating defects by K, which has been successful in reducing the hysteresis of 3D perovskite perovskite solar cells, is inefficient with the d-HPs. By glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES), the existence of the classic iodide migration in these layers is unveiled, which is efficiently blocked by potassium cation insertion. However, it is also shown that it co-exists with the migration of the large organic cations characteristics of d-HPs which are not blocked by the alkali metal ion. The migration of those large cations is intrinsically linked to the special structure of the d-HP. It is suggested that it takes place through channels, present throughout the whole perovskite layer after the substitution of PbI units by the large cations, making this phenomenon intrinsic to the original structure of d-HPs.
PubMed: 38854492
DOI: 10.1002/EXP.20220156 -
Nature Communications Jun 2024Artificial photosynthesis using carbon nitride (g-CN) holds a great promise for sustainable and cost-effective HO production, but the high carrier recombination rate...
Artificial photosynthesis using carbon nitride (g-CN) holds a great promise for sustainable and cost-effective HO production, but the high carrier recombination rate impedes its efficiency. To tackle this challenge, we propose an innovative method involving multispecies iodine mediators (I/I) intercalation through a pre-photo-oxidation process using potassium iodide (suspected deteriorated "KI") within the g-CN framework. Moreover, we introduce an external electric field by incorporating cationic methyl viologen ions to establish an auxiliary electron transfer channel. Such a unique design drastically improves the separation of photo-generated carriers, achieving an impressive HO production rate of 46.40 mmol g h under visible light irradiation, surpassing the most visible-light HO-producing systems. Combining various advanced characterization techniques elucidates the inner photocatalytic mechanism, and the application potential of this photocatalytic system is validated with various simulation scenarios. This work presents a significative strategy for preparing and applying highly efficient g-CN-based catalysts in photochemical HO production.
PubMed: 38830881
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49046-x -
JDR Clinical and Translational Research May 2024Discoloration of carious lesions after application of silver diamine fluoride lowers patient acceptance and limits its wider use for caries arrest.
BACKGROUND
Discoloration of carious lesions after application of silver diamine fluoride lowers patient acceptance and limits its wider use for caries arrest.
OBJECTIVE
To assess lesion and tooth color changes from 2 novel silver fluoride (AgF) products and its relationship to caries activity (clinical visuo-tactile scores) and bacterial load (using laser fluorescence with the DIAGNOdent).
METHODS
A split-mouth design was followed, with matched smooth surface carious lesions in the same arch in adults with special needs randomized for 1-min treatments with AgF/potassium iodide (KI) (Riva Star Aqua, SDI) and AgF/stannous fluoride (SnF) (Caries Status Disclosing Solution; Whiteley). Standardized images taken at baseline, immediately postoperatively, and at 3-mo review were subjected to digital image analysis to calculate delta-E and to track changes in luminosity of carious lesions.
RESULTS
Twelve participants were recruited in the study. A total of 56 teeth (28 pairs) were included. Significantly greater changes were seen in treated lesions than in the adjacent noncarious natural tooth structure, both immediately after treatment and at the 3-mo review ( < 0.0001). Color change and caries activity were not affected by tooth type, tooth location, plaque status, salivary status, or special needs condition. AgF/SnF caused transitory darkening immediately on application, while AgF/KI caused the immediate formation of yellow deposits (silver iodide). Both products caused significant darkening of treated lesions at 3 mo ( = 0.0009; = 0.0361), with no differences between them ( = 0.506). Responding lesions showed larger and more perceptible color changes immediately after either AgF application ( = 0.002; = 0.024).
CONCLUSIONS
Both AgF products were highly effective for caries arrest in this patient population. Despite minor differences in the appearance of treated lesions at the time of application, both products lead to similar darkening of treated sites at 3 mo.
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT
This study shows the usefulness of silver fluoride used in conjunction with potassium iodide or stannous fluoride for achieving caries arrest in smooth surface lesions in adults with special needs. Patients need to be informed that long-term staining of the lesion occurs with both, similar to silver diamine fluoride.
PubMed: 38760973
DOI: 10.1177/23800844241246199 -
Maedica Mar 2024This study aimed to evaluate the effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in combination with or without glutathione (Glu) and potassium iodide (KI) on the fluoride...
Evaluating the Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride, with or without Glutathione and Potassium Iodide, on Fluoride Release, Dentin Microhardness and Surface Properties of Dentin.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in combination with or without glutathione (Glu) and potassium iodide (KI) on the fluoride release and the enhancement of dentin microhardness. In this study, 90 intact premolar teeth from human subjects were allocated into nine groups, each consisting of ten samples: A) control; B) SDF; C) SDF combined with 5% Glu; D) SDF combined with 10% Glu; E) SDF combined with 20% Glu; F) KI after SDF; G) 5% Glu after SDF; H) 10% Glu after SDF; and I) 20% Glu after SDF. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software and ANOVA and post-hoc and repeated measure test (P value <0.05). Dentin microhardness exhibited variations across different treatments, with the highest value being observed in the SDF-5% Glu group and the lowest in the control group. However, there was a significant difference between the mean values of SDF-5% Glu group and the SDF group. Significant increases in microhardness were observed when comparing SDF-5% Glu to SDF+5% Glu and SDF-10% Glu to SDF+10% Glu in peer groups (P value <0.05). Over time, there was a significant increase in the amount of fluoride released as compared to the initial day. The utilization of SDF-5% Glu group exhibited the most favorable effect on improving dentin hardness. Additionally, utilizing Glu in concentrations of 5% and 10% after SDF application proved more effective in increasing dentin microhardness than combining it with SDF. Moreover, in all three fluoride measurement periods, adding 5% Glu to SDF and using 20% Glu following SDF administration led to a significant increase in fluoride release compared to the application of SDF alone.
PubMed: 38736910
DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2024.19.11.48 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024We modified -symmetric benzene-1,3,5--amide (BTA) by introducing flexible linkers in order to generate an N-centered BTA (N-BTA) molecule. The N-BTA compound formed gels...
We modified -symmetric benzene-1,3,5--amide (BTA) by introducing flexible linkers in order to generate an N-centered BTA (N-BTA) molecule. The N-BTA compound formed gels in alcohols and aqueous mixtures of high-polar solvents. Rheological studies showed that the DMSO/water (1:1, /) gels were mechanically stronger compared to other gels, and a similar trend was observed for thermal stability. Powder X-ray analysis of the xerogel obtained from various aqueous gels revealed that the packing modes of the gelators in these systems were similar. The stimuli-responsive properties of the N-BTA towards sodium/potassium salts indicated that the gel network collapsed in the presence of more nucleophilic anions such as cyanide, fluoride, and chloride salts at the MGC, but the gel network was intact when in contact with nitrate, sulphate, acetate, bromide, and iodide salts, indicating the anion-responsive properties of N-BTA gels. Anion-induced gel formation was observed for less nucleophilic anions below the MGC of N-BTA. The ability of N-BTA gels to act as an adsorbent for hazardous anionic and cationic dyes in water was evaluated. The results indicated that the ethanolic gels of N-BTA successfully absorbed methylene blue and methyl orange dyes from water. This work demonstrates the potential of the N-BTA gelator to act as a stimuli-responsive material and a promising candidate for water purification.
PubMed: 38731640
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092149 -
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 2024Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical treatment for carious lesions and a primary preventative for newly exposed high-risk surfaces such as fissures and roots in...
INTRODUCTION
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical treatment for carious lesions and a primary preventative for newly exposed high-risk surfaces such as fissures and roots in the first molars. Using potassium iodide (KI) after applying SDF has been recommended as a way of reducing the severity of black staining, as well as preserving its antibacterial effect useful in deep caries.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this research was to compare the antibacterial effect of SDF, with and without KI, on (. ) and dental biofilm.
METHODS
The antibacterial effects of SDF, KI, and the combination of both were measured using three different techniques (inhibition halo, minimum inhibitory effect [MIE], and colony-forming unit [CFU], testing).
RESULTS
The results were then subjected to statistical analysis. Analyzed by means of the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test, the inhibition halos yielded a value of = 0.3309. Using the MIE test, only the SDF treatment produced an antibacterial effect, at 10%, compared to the KI group, with = 0.001. Finally, the CFU test revealed a total absence of colonies for all three reagents. All three substances analyzed achieved total inhibition of . . SDF is effective even in its minimal commercial concentration. Its antibacterial capacity decreases with the addition of KI.
CONCLUSIONS
The three substances analyzed at their maximum concentrations exhibited an antibacterial effect against . , resulting in total inhibition.
PubMed: 38707672
DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_393_23