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Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024The development of clinical practice guidelines in traditional medicine requires evidence that sufficiently reflects the medical field. Cardiac neurosis is a disease...
BACKGROUND
The development of clinical practice guidelines in traditional medicine requires evidence that sufficiently reflects the medical field. Cardiac neurosis is a disease that occurs because of problems in the autonomic nervous system and is characterized by symptoms of the circulatory system that are representative of autonomic dysfunction. In traditional medicine, the heart is considered to be involved in mental health problems, and cardiac neurosis is accompanied by a variety of mental symptoms. Furthermore, there is a categorized diagnosis for cardiac neurosis, and active empirical research is being conducted in China.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to systematically review and quantitatively synthesize the effects of Korean medicine treatments in patients with cardiac neurosis to develop evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of autonomic dysfunction.
METHODS
Nine databases were searched for articles published before September 13, 2022. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the RoB tool. The primary outcomes were somatization, depression, anxiety, and effectiveness rate. The secondary outcome was the rate of adverse effects.
RESULTS
Based on a systematic literature review, 151 randomized controlled trials were selected and analyzed. For patients with cardiac neurosis, herbal medicine, combined treatment of herbal medicine and Western medicine, combined treatment of herbal medicine and acupuncture, acupuncture, and combined treatment of acupuncture and Western medicine showed better overall effects than Western medicine alone. Furthermore, the combined treatment of herbal medicine and psychotherapy and that of herbal medicine, psychotherapy, and Western medicine showed an overall better effect than the combined treatment of Western medicine and psychotherapy.
CONCLUSION
A meta-analysis of articles revealed the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatments and verified the effectiveness of a Korean medicine treatment alone, Korean medicine combined treatment, and combined treatment of Korean medicine and Western medicine on cardiac neurosis. Limitations included the inability to verify the cause of high heterogeneity between studies and the poor quality of the included studies. Nevertheless, this systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiac neurosis showed that the disease concept of traditional medicine can also be organized based on the latest research. Future research related to traditional diseases such as these should be conducted.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022347992, identifier CRD42022347992.
PubMed: 38410677
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1302245 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2024Chronic headache is a serious clinical problem in women which psychological factors play major role and requires an approach with bio-psycho-social integrity....
Chronic headache is a serious clinical problem in women which psychological factors play major role and requires an approach with bio-psycho-social integrity. Psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety disorder and major depression are frequent. Young described Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) as maladaptive and dysfunctional patterns that appear due to unpleasant situations occurred between patient and people who were important to him. EMS affect perception, emotions, thoughts and behaviors that makes a basis for many disorders. EMS are found to be related with depression, anxiety and somatization within recent literature. In literature, chronic pain and migraine's relationship with EMS were studied before in a few separate articles. However, there is a lack of data that compares the relationship between EMS and clearly distinguished headache types: migraine (MH) and tension-type headache (TTH) especially in female patients who are more prone to somatic complaints/findings. Our study directly compared three groups, migraine and tension type headache and healthy controls. 150 female patients with chronic headache were enrolled for study in consecutive fashion. Exclusion criteria were as follows: age < 18 or > 60 years, male gender, existence of comorbidity affecting central nervous system, headache due to drug/substance abuse, previous diagnosis of migraine with aura, previous diagnosis of psychotic disease, mental retardation, cognitive disorders, being in delirium state. Patients were grouped into two categories according to type of headache and a third control group. All patients were evaluated with Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) and their scores were noted and categorized in related schema domains. Sociodemographic data were comparable among groups. However, there were significant differences in terms of previous psychiatric diagnosis and psychiatric drug usage. When we compared YSQ scores, groups differed in many schema categories. MH group showed significantly higher scores in dependency/incompetency, unrelenting standards and punitiveness schemas when compared to remaining two groups. TTH group had significantly more points in emotional deprivation, vulnerability to harm or illness schemas among all groups. On the other hand, control group had significantly higher scores in insufficient self-discipline and entitlement/grandiosity schemas when compared to both MH and TTH groups. Presence of EMS in female patients with headache significantly differed from control group. Types of EMS were also significantly different between patients with MH and TTH among this whole headache group. We suggest that a comprehensive psychotherapeutic approach that targets to improve coping methods for distinct EMS in distinct headache types would provide critical aid to general treatment of headaches especially in resistant cases.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Tension-Type Headache; Adaptation, Psychological; Depressive Disorder, Major; Surveys and Questionnaires; Migraine Disorders; Headache
PubMed: 38347033
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53816-4 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2024In cancer patients, psychological distress, which encompasses anxiety, depression, and somatization, arises from the complex interplay of emotional and behavioral...
In cancer patients, psychological distress, which encompasses anxiety, depression, and somatization, arises from the complex interplay of emotional and behavioral reactions to the diagnosis and treatment, significantly influencing their functionality and quality of life. The aim was to investigate factors associated with psychological distress in cancer patients. This prospective and multicenter study, conducted by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), included two cohorts of patients with cancer (localized resected or advanced unresectable). They completed surveys assessing psychological distress (BSI-18) before and after cancer treatment and coping (MINI-MAC) and spirituality (FACIT-sp) prior to therapy. A multivariable logistic regression analysis and a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were conducted. Between 2019 and 2022, 1807 patients were evaluated, mostly women (54%), average age 64 years. The most frequent cancers were colorectal (30%), breast (25%) and lung (18%). Men had lower levels of anxiety and depression (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.52-0.84; OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56-0.93). Colorectal cancer patients experienced less anxiety (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43-0.92), depression (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37-0.81), and somatization (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.42-0.83). Patients with localized cancer and spiritual beliefs had reduced psychological distress, whereas those with anxious preoccupation had higher level. SEM revealed a relationship between psychological distress and coping strategies, emphasizing how baseline anxious preoccupation exacerbates post-treatment distress. This study suggests that age, sex, extension and location of cancer, coping and spirituality influence psychological distress in cancer patients.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Adaptation, Psychological; Anxiety; Depression; Neoplasms; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires; Aged
PubMed: 38326426
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53212-y -
International Journal of Clinical and... 2024Although demoralization is associated with morbidity and mortality in cardiac settings, its treatment has been overlooked. The present randomized controlled trial aimed...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE
Although demoralization is associated with morbidity and mortality in cardiac settings, its treatment has been overlooked. The present randomized controlled trial aimed at 1) evaluating the effectiveness of sequential combination of Cognitive-Behavioral and Well-Being therapies (CBT/WBT), compared to Clinical Management (CM), on demoralization among Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) patients, at post-treatment and after 3 months; 2) examining ACS patients' characteristics predicting demoralization persistence at 3-month follow-up.
METHOD
91 demoralized ACS patients were randomized to CBT/WBT ( = 47) or CM ( = 44). Demoralization was assessed with an interview on Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatics Research at baseline, post-treatment and 3-month follow-up. Predictors of demoralization maintenance included cardiac parameters, psychological distress and well-being.
RESULTS
Compared to CM, CBT/WBT significantly reduced demoralization post-treatment. Somatization (odds ratio = 1.11; = 0.027) and history of depression (odds ratio = 5.16; = 0.004) were risk factors associated with demoralization persistence at follow-up, whereas positive relationships (odds ratio = 0.94; = 0.005) represented protective factors.
CONCLUSIONS
The study provides preliminary and promising evidence on the benefits of CBT/WBT in treating demoralization in ACS patients. Moreover, ACS patients with somatization or positive history of depression could be at higher risk for developing persistent demoralization.
PubMed: 38317782
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100444 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Reports Jan 2024Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) has been shown to have detrimental impact on amygdala structure. Prior research found that adaptive psychological changes after...
BACKGROUND
Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) has been shown to have detrimental impact on amygdala structure. Prior research found that adaptive psychological changes after Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBI) were associated with amygdala volumetric changes. The present study aims to further investigate whether such effects also occur among ACE survivors and whether the effects are unique to MBI.
METHODS
A total of 64 young adult childhood adversity survivors were randomized to an eight-week MBI or Stress Management Education (SME) as an active control condition. Anatomical MRI and questionnaires on mindfulness, stress and psychological health were collected at baseline and post-intervention. Due to subject dropout, the final sample included 39 subjects (MBI:20, SME:19).
RESULTS
Both groups showed increased mindfulness levels, reduced stress, and improved psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, and somatization), with no significant group by time interaction effect. There was no significant group difference on amygdala volumetric changes. Within the MBI group, childhood maltreatment severity was a significant mediator between changes of mindfulness levels and amygdala volumetric changes. Across pooled sample of both groups, childhood maltreatment was a significant moderator for the effect of trait anxiety level changes on amygdala volumetric changes.
LIMITATIONS
Modest sample size, relatively low retention rates, suboptimal monitoring of home practice.
CONCLUSIONS
MBI did not demonstrate overall better clinical effects than SME. Psychological-change-dependent amygdala volumetric change was not specific to MBI. Childhood maltreatment severity modulated the relationships between adaptive psychological changes and amygdala volumetric changes.
PubMed: 38314142
DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100714 -
Pain Reports Jan 2024Previous studies have demonstrated associations between sex and racialized group on pain sensitivity and tolerance. We analyzed the association of sex and racialized...
Secondary analysis: heat and self-report pain sensitivity associate with biological sex and racialized sociocultural group but may not be mediated by anxiety or pain catastrophizing.
INTRODUCTION
Previous studies have demonstrated associations between sex and racialized group on pain sensitivity and tolerance. We analyzed the association of sex and racialized group on heat pain sensitivity, sensibility to painful suprathreshold mechanical pain (STMP), and pain sensitivity questionnaire (PSQ). We hypothesized that anxiety and pain catastrophizing reported by racialized minority groups and women would mediate enhanced pain sensitivity. Our secondary aim was to evaluate validity of the PSQ in a diverse population.
METHODS
Using quantitative sensory testing for painful heat, STMP (forces: 64, 128, 256, and 512 mN), and PSQ, we evaluated pain sensitivity in 134 healthy participants [34 (18 women) Asian, 25 (13 women) Black, and 75 (41 women) White]. We used general linear and linear mixed models to analyze outcomes. We assessed mediation of state and trait anxiety and pain catastrophizing on pain sensitivity.
RESULTS
Racialized minority status was associated with greater heat pain sensitivity (F = 7.63; = 0.00074) and PSQ scores (F = 15.45; = 9.84 × 10) but not associated with STMP (F = 1.50; = 0.23). Female sex was associated with greater heat pain sensitivity (F = 4.9; = 0.029) and lower PSQ (F = 9.50; = 0.0025) but not associated with STMP (F = 0.0018; = 0.97). Neither anxiety nor pain catastrophizing mediated associations between sex or racialized group with heat pain threshold or PSQ. Differential experience of individual items (F = 19.87; = 3.28 × 10) limited PSQ face validity in racialized minorities.
CONCLUSION
Consistent with previous research, sensitivity to painful heat was associated with racialized minority status and female sex. By contrast, there was no significant effect of racialized minority status or female sex on STMP. Some PSQ items are inapplicable to participants from racialized minority groups.
PubMed: 38283650
DOI: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000001133 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024This study investigated how sleep quality affects the global severity of psychiatric symptoms, including suicidality, in young adults. Poor sleep quality has a...
This study investigated how sleep quality affects the global severity of psychiatric symptoms, including suicidality, in young adults. Poor sleep quality has a significant impact on mental health and should therefore be given special attention in suicidal treatment. 1,214 participants (914 females; age: = 25.81, = 6.35) completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18), the Scale for Suicidal Experience and Behavior (SSEV), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) via an online survey. Correlation statistics and path analysis were conducted for data evaluation. Thereby, anxiety and depression but not somatization mediated the relationship between sleep quality and suicidality. Our findings confirm the putative link between diminished sleep quality and increased suicidality and may lead to an early detection of suicidal behavior.
Topics: Female; Humans; Young Adult; Suicidal Ideation; Depression; Suicide; Sleep Quality; Anxiety
PubMed: 38282761
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1322069 -
PloS One 2024Lebanese adults have been crippled for years by several crises, including the lately COVID-19 pandemic. These massive civilian traumas have increased the risk of...
Expressive suppression moderates the relationship between PTSD from COVID-19 and somatization and validation of the Arabic version of Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15).
BACKGROUND
Lebanese adults have been crippled for years by several crises, including the lately COVID-19 pandemic. These massive civilian traumas have increased the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in this population. Extensive literature pointed to the association between PTSD and somatization; however, the nature of this relationship remains unknown. We sought to contribute further to work in this area by testing the moderating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between COVID-19- related PTSD and somatization. As a secondary objective, we aimed to examine the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the somatization measure Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) in terms of factorial validity and internal consistency before its use in the present study.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted between September and October 2021. A total of 403 Lebanese adults residing in Lebanon were recruited. Eligible participants received an online link to the survey. The Patient Health Questionnaire-15 was used to assess somatization, PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version for PTSD and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for emotion regulation.
RESULTS
The results of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a three-factor solution explaining 48.79% of the common variance. Confirmatory Factor Analysis results of the three-factor model obtained in the EFA indicated a good fit with a significant CFI of 0.98, TLI 0.98 and a GFI of .97, a RMSEA of .04 [90% CI .01, .06]. Higher PTSD symptoms were associated with somatization. In addition, we found that one specific ER component, i.e. expressive suppression, significantly moderated the relationship between PTSD from the COVID pandemic and somatization. In particular, the interaction PTSD from the COVID-19 pandemic by expressive suppression was significantly associated with somatization; at low, medium and high levels of expressive suppression, higher PTSD from the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly associated with higher somatization scores. As for our secondary objective, findings revealed that the Arabic version of the PHQ-15 exhibited good psychometric properties. In particular, the scale yielded a three-factor structure, and good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.87).
CONCLUSION
The moderating role of expressive suppression on the link between PTSD and somatization presents a novel finding in the field of trauma. Additionally, making a psychometrically sound Arabic version of the PHQ-15 available is a valuable addition to the literature.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Patient Health Questionnaire; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pandemics; COVID-19; Surveys and Questionnaires; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 38271356
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293081 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024Exposure to traumatic events during childhood is common, and the consequences for physical and mental health can be severe. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) such as... (Review)
Review
Exposure to traumatic events during childhood is common, and the consequences for physical and mental health can be severe. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) such as physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect appear to contribute to the onset and severity of a variety of somatic inflictions, including obesity, diabetes, cancer, and heart disease. The aim of this scoping review was to try to gain insight into how this might occur. Given the evidence of indirect (i.e., through unhealthy behaviours such as excessive drinking or poor eating habits) and direct (i.e., through its impact on the endocrine, immune, and cardiovascular systems as well as on the brain) effects of attachment on health, we examined the possibility that insecure attachment might contribute to the development of somatic symptoms in adult survivors of childhood trauma. Eleven studies met our inclusion criteria. Findings from this review suggest that insecure and disorganized attachment orientations are related to DNA damage, metabolic syndrome and obesity, physical pain, functional neurological disorder, and somatization in adults exposed to childhood trauma. We discuss the implications of this for the conceptualization and treatment of trauma and stress disorders.
PubMed: 38255090
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020203 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2023Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a clinical disease that affects multiple body systems. It is characterized by persistent or recurring fatigue, which may be linked to...
A cross-sectional study exploring the relationship between symptoms of anxiety/depression and P50 sensory gating in adult patients diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis.
INTRODUCTION
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a clinical disease that affects multiple body systems. It is characterized by persistent or recurring fatigue, which may be linked to immune, neuroendocrine, and energy metabolism dysfunctions. Individuals with CFS may experience pain, sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression. This research analyzed the fundamental characteristics of anxiety/depression symptoms in patients with CFS and investigated the association between these symptoms and the P50 SG (sensory gate) ratio.
METHODS
Two hundred and forty-nine subjects fulfilled the CDC-1994 criteria for CFS and were included in the study. The subjects successively completed the Symptom CheckList-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale-14 (HAMA-14), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 (HAMD-24). Auditory-evoked potential P50 were measured using the 128-lead-electroencephalograph.
RESULT
According to HAMA and HAMD, 17.3% ( = 43) of the patients did not exhibit anxiety/depression, with a threshold score of 7 and 7 for HAMA and HAMD. When the threshold score was 14 and 20 respectively, 43.3% ( = 108) of the patients did not exhibit anxiety/depression. The SCL-90-R results indicated that 69.5% ( = 173) of these individuals with the score arranging from 0 to 160 did not present mental problems. There was a correlation between somatization scores and P50 SG ratio in the overall sample and no anxiety or depression (NAOD) group delimited by 14 and 20, respectively, ( < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that anxiety and depression were risk factors associated with an abnormal P50 SG ratio.
DISCUSSION
A significant correlation exists between the P50 SG ratio and clinical symptoms such as fatigue, anxiety, and depression. Abnormalities in brain function among patients with CFS may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the condition, leading to their classification as being prone to functional neurological disorders. The P50 SG ratio cannot be used as a diagnostic marker for CFS but show some significance on the mechanism, classification, treatment, and prognosis of CFS.
PubMed: 38249591
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1286340