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Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2023Age estimation is an essential part of forensic odontology and many methods are available with variable accuracy. However, the research is going on to find the simple...
BACKGROUND
Age estimation is an essential part of forensic odontology and many methods are available with variable accuracy. However, the research is going on to find the simple and most reliable method.
OBJECTIVES
By measuring the length and area of root dentin translucency in extracted tooth specimens manually and digitally, and comparing them, this study aims to find the most reliable technique of age assessment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One-hundred and twenty-five single-rooted extracted human permanent teeth were selected for the study. In both unsectioned and sectioned teeth, the total length of root dentin translucency was manually measured using a digital vernier caliper. Then, in a ground-sectioned tooth specimen, the total length and area of root dentin translucency were measured digitally using a scanner scale and computer software. Both the methods were compared.
RESULTS
In both manual and digital approaches, the length and area of root dentin translucency grew with age, from younger to older age groups. On comparing the measurements, the correlation coefficient was somewhat higher for digital area measurements than other measurements ( = 0.985).
CONCLUSION
The digital technique outperforms the traditional way for calculating age, and furthermore, measuring the area in the digital method for age estimation has shown to be more accurate.
PubMed: 37654306
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_33_23 -
Neurology India 2023Asterion is the junction of lambdoid, parietomastoid, and occipitomastoid sutures. In traditional anatomy teaching, it is believed that asterion sits over the...
BACKGROUND
Asterion is the junction of lambdoid, parietomastoid, and occipitomastoid sutures. In traditional anatomy teaching, it is believed that asterion sits over the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction (TSSJ). It is a significant surgical landmark for the placement of a burr hole in the retrosigmoid approach.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the asterion's accuracy as a TSSJ-specific external surgical landmark in the Indian population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
16 human dried skulls were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, New Delhi. The point of TSSJ was taken between the two lips and just posterior to the entry of the superior petrosal sinus. Asterion internally was localized with the help of a geometrical divider. The x- horizontal/ anterior and y- vertically superior (+)/ inferior (-) distances were measured from asterion (internally) to the TSSJ by a digital vernier caliper.
RESULTS
The mean horizontal distance (x) of the left side asterion & TSSJ was 10.3±1.0mm whereas the vertical distance (y) ranged between +2 to -4.3 mm. The mean horizontal distance (x) of the right side asterion & TSSJ was 13.5±1.4mm whereas the vertical distance (y) ranged between +3 to -4.2 mm.
CONCLUSION
Asterion is not a reliable landmark for TSSJ in Indian skulls. The TSSJ with respect to asterion was found on average 10mm and 13.5mm anterior on the left and right side respectively, and mostly inferior (average 4.2mm) in 75% of the skulls. The TSSJ was closer to the asterion on the left side in comparison with the right side. However, further studies with a larger sample size will be needed to evaluate the population-specific relation of asterion with the TSSJ.
Topics: Humans; Craniotomy; Skull; Cranial Sinuses; Cranial Sutures; Transverse Sinuses
PubMed: 37635506
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.383854 -
Journal of Physiological Anthropology Jul 2023The aim of the present study is to evaluate the reduction of the distal teeth towards the medial ones in one functional dental group in southern Bulgarian population.
AIM
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the reduction of the distal teeth towards the medial ones in one functional dental group in southern Bulgarian population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study included 232 Bulgarians aged 20-40 years. Mesiodistal dimensions of the teeth were measured by Dentistry Sliding Vernier Caliper and analyzed with SPSS 23.0. Four interdental indices were calculated: inter-incisive, premolar, upper, and lower molar indices.
RESULTS
We found a decrease in the percentage ratio of the lateral to the central incisors of people from the Bulgarian population compared to those dating from the Eneolithic period on the territory of Bulgaria. Furthermore, we found a reduction in the percentage ratio of the upper and lower second molars compared to the first ones. The biggest reduction in the percentage ratio (more than 6%) was found in the lower second premolars compared to the first ones, which is characteristic for southern Bulgarians.
CONCLUSION
There was a dental reduction in all the distal members compared to the medial ones participating in one morphological dental group. As a result, we think that interdental indices can be used for explaining historical, cultural, and biological macro and microevolutionary processes and thus for understanding the origin, formation, contacts, and migration pathways of the different populations leading to ethnic variation of humanity. Therefore, they can be a reliable source of information in physiological anthropology.
Topics: Humans; Bulgaria; Young Adult; Adult; Tooth
PubMed: 37481566
DOI: 10.1186/s40101-023-00332-5 -
F1000Research 2022In the issue of biodiversity, the domestication of birds as pets and trade animals requires special attention as a conservation effort. Lovebirds ( ) are popular birds...
BACKGROUND
In the issue of biodiversity, the domestication of birds as pets and trade animals requires special attention as a conservation effort. Lovebirds ( ) are popular birds worldwide, due to their varied ornamentation and melodic chirping sound. Syrinx structure is suspected to be the main source of sound production during the chirping period. This study aimed to investigate syrinx morphometry and its correlation with sound frequency produced in lovebirds.
METHODS
A total of 24 lovebirds of different ages and gender were investigated. Polymerase chain reaction method was performed to determine lovebird gender, meanwhile bird age was identified based on post-hatch recordings at the breeding farm. Thus, we enrolled male (n=12) and female (n=12) lovebirds aged 2 (n=4), 3 (n=4), and 4 (n=4) months in the investigation group, respectively. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was performed to evaluate sound frequency during chirping period. Then, syrinx morphometry was identified using a topographic approach and methylene blue staining. Each variable was evaluated with Image J software and vernier caliper.
RESULTS
Based on a topographical approach, we reported the general cartilage structure of the tracheosyringeal, bronchosyringeal, paired protrusions, tracheolateral muscles, sternotracheal muscles, and syringeal muscles in lovebird syrinx. In particular, the tympaniform membranes lateral lead a crucial role in modulating the frequency of male lovebirds more significantly (p=0,009) compared to female. On the other hand, the tympaniform membranes lateral dexter (p=0,02) and sinister (p=0,05) in females showed wider compared to male. We also reported a negative correlation between sound frequency compared to tympaniform membranes lateral dexter (y = -913,56x + 6770,8) and sinister (y = -706,16x + 5736).
CONCLUSIONS
It can be concluded that the tympaniform membranes lateral produced the lovebirds' primary sound. The sound frequency of male lovebirds was higher compared to female, however negatively correlated with the area of tympaniform membranes lateral.
PubMed: 38779459
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.108884.2