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Virulence Dec 2024The global surge in multidrug-resistant bacteria owing to antibiotic misuse and overuse poses considerable risks to human and animal health. With existing antibiotics...
The global surge in multidrug-resistant bacteria owing to antibiotic misuse and overuse poses considerable risks to human and animal health. With existing antibiotics losing their effectiveness and the protracted process of developing new antibiotics, urgent alternatives are imperative to curb disease spread. Notably, improving the bactericidal effect of antibiotics by using non-antibiotic substances has emerged as a viable strategy. Although reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) may play a crucial role in regulating bacterial resistance, studies examining how the change of metabolic profile and bacterial resistance following by exogenous administration are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the metabolic changes that occur in (), which exhibits resistance to various antibiotics, following the exogenous addition of NADH using metabolomics. The effects of these alterations on the bactericidal activity of neomycin were investigated. NADH enhanced the effectiveness of aminoglycoside antibiotics against ATCC15947, achieving bacterial eradication at low doses. Metabolomic analysis revealed that NADH reprogrammed the ATCC15947 metabolic profile by promoting purine metabolism and energy metabolism, yielding increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. Increased ATP levels played a crucial role in enhancing the bactericidal effects of neomycin. Moreover, exogenous NADH promoted the bactericidal efficacy of tetracyclines and chloramphenicols. NADH in combination with neomycin was effective against other clinically resistant bacteria, including , methicillin-resistant , and . These results may facilitate the development of effective approaches for preventing and managing -induced infections and multidrug resistance in aquaculture and clinical settings.
Topics: Edwardsiella tarda; Anti-Bacterial Agents; NAD; Aminoglycosides; Animals; Fish Diseases; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Adenosine Triphosphate; Neomycin; Drug Synergism; Metabolomics; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
PubMed: 38884466
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2367647 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Jun 2024A Pacific native lineage of ST36 serotype O4:K12 was introduced into the Atlantic, which increased local source illnesses. To identify genetic determinants of virulence...
A Pacific native lineage of ST36 serotype O4:K12 was introduced into the Atlantic, which increased local source illnesses. To identify genetic determinants of virulence and ecological resiliency and track their transfer into endemic populations, we constructed a complete genome of a 2013 Atlantic-traced clinical isolate by hybrid assembly.
PubMed: 38864604
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00352-24 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2024The incidence of infections, with high mortality rates in humans and aquatic animals, has escalated, highlighting a significant public health challenge. Currently,...
The incidence of infections, with high mortality rates in humans and aquatic animals, has escalated, highlighting a significant public health challenge. Currently, reliable markers to identify strains with high virulence potential are lacking, and the understanding of evolutionary drivers behind the emergence of pathogenic strains is limited. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of virulent genotypes and phenotypes to discern the infectious potential of strains isolated from three distinct sources. Most isolates, traditionally classified as biotype 1, possessed the virulence-correlated gene-C type. Environmental isolates predominantly exhibited YJ-like alleles, while clinical and diseased fish isolates were significantly associated with the gene and pathogenicity region XII. Hemolytic activity was primarily observed in the culture supernatants of clinical and diseased fish isolates. Genetic relationships, as determined by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis, suggested that strains originating from the same source tended to cluster together. However, multilocus sequence typing revealed considerable genetic diversity across clusters and sources. A phylogenetic analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms of diseased fish strains alongside publicly available genomes demonstrated a high degree of evolutionary relatedness within and across different isolation sources. Notably, our findings reveal no direct correlation between phylogenetic patterns, isolation sources, and virulence capabilities. This underscores the necessity for proactive risk management strategies to address pathogenic strains emerging from environmental reservoirs.IMPORTANCEAs the global incidence of infections rises, impacting human health and marine aquacultures, understanding the pathogenicity of environmental strains remains critical yet underexplored. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the virulence potential and genetic relatedness of strains, focusing on environmental origins. We conduct an extensive genotypic analysis and phenotypic assessment, including virulence testing in a wax moth model. Our findings aim to uncover genetic and evolutionary factors that drive pathogenic strain emergence in the environment. This research advances our ability to identify reliable virulence markers and understand the distribution of pathogenic strains, offering significant insights for public health and environmental risk management.
PubMed: 38860819
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00079-24 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024In Ethiopia, despite major improvements seen in health service delivery system, the country continues to be significantly affected by cholera outbreaks. Cholera remains...
INTRODUCTION
In Ethiopia, despite major improvements seen in health service delivery system, the country continues to be significantly affected by cholera outbreaks. Cholera remains a significant public health problem among the vulnerable populations living in many resource-limited settings with poor access to safe and clean water and hygiene practices. Recurring cholera outbreaks are an indication of deprived water and sanitation conditions as well as weak health systems, contributing to the transmission and spread of the cholera infection.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the cholera outbreak, its challenges, and the way forward on public health interventions to solve the knowledge and health service delivery gaps related to cholera control in Guraghe Zone, Ethiopia, 2023.
METHODS
Active surveillance of the cholera outbreak was conducted in all kebeles and town administrative of Guraghe zone from 7/8/2023 to 30/10/2023. A total of 224 cholera cases were detected during the active surveillance method. Data obtained from Guraghe zone offices were exported to SPSS version 25 for additional analysis. The case fatality rate, incidence of the cases, and other descriptive variables were presented and described using figures and tables.
RESULT
A total of 224 cholera cases were detected through an active surveillance system. In this study, the case fatality rate of cholera outbreak was 2.6%. To tackle the cholera outbreak, the Guraghe zone health office collaborated with other stakeholders to prepare four cholera treatment centers. The absence of OCV, inaccessible safe water, low latrine coverage, inappropriate utilization of latrines, and absence of cholera laboratory rapid diagnostics test in Guraghe Zone are barriers to tackling the outbreak.
CONCLUSION
Ethiopia National Cholera Plan targeted eradicating cholera by 2030, 222 cholera outbreak occurred in Guraghe Zone, Ethiopia. To minimize and control cholera mortality rate oral cholera vaccinations should be employed in all areas of the region. Sustainable WASH measures should be guaranteed for the use of safe water and good hygiene practices. Early diagnosis and treatment should be initiated appropriately for those who are infected.
Topics: Cholera; Ethiopia; Humans; Disease Outbreaks; Adolescent; Female; Male; Sanitation; Public Health; Adult; Child; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Child, Preschool; Incidence
PubMed: 38859897
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1355613 -
Southern African Journal of Infectious... 2024Cholera, a severe diarrhoeal disease caused by is typically associated with inadequate potable water supply and poor sanitation. We report cholera disease presentation...
UNLABELLED
Cholera, a severe diarrhoeal disease caused by is typically associated with inadequate potable water supply and poor sanitation. We report cholera disease presentation identified as a suspected case of acute diarrhoea (HIV/AIDS common condition) in a person living with HIV seen in a cholera non-endemic area.
CONTRIBUTION
We highlight the importance of recognizing cholera in cases of acute diarrhoea, especially among people with HIV, in resource-constraint areas that lack potable water supply.
PubMed: 38841342
DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v39i1.619 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Jun 2024
PubMed: 38839495
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.05.177 -
Food Microbiology Sep 2024Acanthamoeba spp., are ubiquitous protist which belongs to Free-Living Amoeba (FLA) group, is considered as causal agent of side-threatening keratitis or fatal...
Acanthamoeba spp., are ubiquitous protist which belongs to Free-Living Amoeba (FLA) group, is considered as causal agent of side-threatening keratitis or fatal encephalitis among other human infections. Besides, this parasite has been reported as host for other microorganisms important to human health such as Campylobacter spp. or Vibrio spp. among others. This role of Acanthamoeba as pathogen and environmental phagocyte has increased the reports confirming its presence in human related environments, acting as a water quality indicator. Considering the tide relationship between water and kitchen environments, and the high prevalence of Acanthamoeba in water sources, the present study aims to establish a quick and accurate protocol based on DNA extraction and a real time qPCR assay to detect Acanthamoeba spp. in dishcloths. The procedure has been validated by processing 17 used dishcloths. Our findings demonstrated the high sensitivity of the qPCR assay used which was capable of detecting up to one Acanthamoeba from an in vitro contaminated dishcloth. The protocol accurately detected 64.7% of positive samples for Acanthamoeba spp, (in 4 samples DNA concentrations corresponded to 1-10 amoebae). Our findings demonstrate the importance of FLA surveillance by efficient and sensitive methods since one amoeba is capable of colonizing human related food environments such as kitchens sinks and could be a potential source of infection.
Topics: Acanthamoeba; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; DNA, Protozoan; Humans; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 38839225
DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104562 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2024is a threat to human health and one of the leading bacterial causes of seafood-borne infection worldwide. This pathogen is autochtonous in the marine environment and is...
is a threat to human health and one of the leading bacterial causes of seafood-borne infection worldwide. This pathogen is autochtonous in the marine environment and is able to acquire antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms, which is a global concern. However, the emergence of AMR strains in seafood is still understudied, as interpretation criteria for this species for antimicrobial susceptibility tests are limited in the literature. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility profiles to clinically important antibiotics and the associated genetic determinants of isolates cultured from imported shrimps. Based on the analysis of the resistance phenotypes of 304 . isolates, we have defined experimental epidemiological cutoff values (CO) for 14/15 antibiotics tested. We observed that 19.1% of the bacterial isolates had acquired resistance to at least one antibiotic class. The highest number of resistance was associated with tetracycline (14.5% of the strains) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (3.6%). Moreover, seven strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR, resistant to at least three antibiotic classes). The most frequently identified genes in these strains were / (aminoglycoside resistance), (sulfonamide), ) (tetracycline), and (chloramphenicol). The SXT/R391 family ICE and class 1 integron-integrase genes were detected by PCR in three and one MDR strains, respectively. Consequently, in seafood can act as a reservoir of AMR, constituting a health risk for the consumer.IMPORTANCEOur study on "Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Genetic Determinants of Isolates from Imported Shrimps" addresses a critical gap in understanding the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in this seafood-associated pathogen. is a major cause of global seafood-borne infections, and our research reveals that 19.1% of isolates from imported shrimps display resistance to at least one antibiotic class, with multidrug resistance observed in seven strains. Importantly, we establish experimental epidemiological cutoff values for antibiotic susceptibility, providing valuable criteria specific to . Our findings underscore the potential risk to consumers, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring and intervention strategies. This study significantly contributes to the comprehension of AMR dynamics in , offering crucial insights for global public health. The dissemination of our research through Microbiology Spectrum ensures broad accessibility and impact within the scientific community and beyond.
PubMed: 38832768
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00175-24 -
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... 2024Iron is necessary for all living organisms, and bacteria that cause infections in human hosts also need ferrous ions for their growth and proliferation. In the human... (Review)
Review
Iron is necessary for all living organisms, and bacteria that cause infections in human hosts also need ferrous ions for their growth and proliferation. In the human body, most ferric ions (Fe) are tightly bound to iron-binding proteins such as hemoglobin, transferrin, lactoferrin, and ferritin. Pathogenic bacteria express highly specific iron uptake systems, including siderophores and specific receptors. Most bacteria secrete siderophores, which are low-molecular weight metal-chelating agents, to capture Fe outside cell. Siderophores are mainly classified as either catecholate or hydroxamate. Vibrio vulnificus, a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium, is responsible for serious infections in humans and requires iron for growth. A clinical isolate, V. vulnificus M2799, secretes a catecholate siderophore, vulnibactin, that captures ferric ions from the environment. In our study, we generated deletion mutants of the genes encoding proteins involved in the vulnibactin mediated iron-utilization system, such as ferric-vulnibactin receptor protein (VuuA), periplasmic ferric-vulnibactin binding protein (FatB), ferric-vulnibactin reductase (VuuB), and isochorismate synthase (ICS). ICS and VuuA are required under low-iron conditions for ferric-utilization in M2799, but the alternative proteins FatB and VuuB can function as a periplasmic binding protein and a ferric-chelate reductase, respectively. VatD, which functions as ferric-hydroxamate siderophores periplasmic binding protein, was shown to participate in the ferric-vulnibactin uptake system in the absence of FatB. Furthermore, the ferric-hydroxamate siderophore reductase IutB was observed to participate in ferric-vulnibactin reduction in the absence of VuuB. We propose that ferric-siderophore periplasmic binding proteins and ferric-chelate reductases represent potential targets for drug discovery in the context of infectious diseases.
Topics: Iron; Siderophores; Humans; Drug Discovery; Bacterial Infections; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Hydroxamic Acids; Iron-Binding Proteins
PubMed: 38825472
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00197-2 -
Nature Communications Jun 2024Vaccines and clean water shortages continue to give rise to cholera outbreaks in Africa. Coordinated efforts to increase vaccine distribution and improve physical...
Vaccines and clean water shortages continue to give rise to cholera outbreaks in Africa. Coordinated efforts to increase vaccine distribution and improve physical infrastructure are needed while considering future outbreaks and water demands due to conflicts and climate events.
Topics: Cholera; Humans; Africa; Cholera Vaccines; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 38824141
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49077-4