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International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024is the pathogen that most affects the salmon industry in Chile. Large quantities of antibiotics have been used to control it. In search of alternatives, we have...
is the pathogen that most affects the salmon industry in Chile. Large quantities of antibiotics have been used to control it. In search of alternatives, we have developed [Cu(NN)]ClO where NN = 6-((quinolin-2-ylmethylene)amino)-2H-chromen-2-one. The antibacterial capacity of [Cu(NN)]ClO was determined. Subsequently, the effect of the administration of [Cu(NN)]ClO on the growth of , modulation of the immune system and the intestinal microbiota was studied. Finally, the ability to protect against a challenge with was evaluated. The results obtained showed that the compound has an MIC between 15 and 33.9 μg/mL in four isolates. On the other hand, the compound did not affect the growth of the fish; however, an increase in the transcript levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-1β, CD4, lysozyme and perforin was observed in fish treated with 40 μg/g of fish. Furthermore, modulation of the intestinal microbiota was observed, increasing the genera of beneficial bacteria such as and as well as potential pathogens such as and . Finally, the treatment increased survival in fish challenged with by more than 60%. These results demonstrate that the compound is capable of protecting fish against , probably by modulating the immune system and the composition of the intestinal microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Salmo salar; Copper; Piscirickettsiaceae Infections; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38612511
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073700 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Mar 2024In the realm of modern aquaculture, the utilization of probiotics has gained prominence, primarily due to their ability to enhance growth, boost immunity, and prevent...
In the realm of modern aquaculture, the utilization of probiotics has gained prominence, primarily due to their ability to enhance growth, boost immunity, and prevent diseases in aquatic species. This study primarily investigates the efficacy of strains, both host-derived and from other sources, in influencing fish growth, immunity, lipid metabolism, and disease resistance. Employing a 42-day feeding trial, we divided hybrid grouper into four distinct groups: a control group on a basal diet and three experimental groups supplemented with 1 × 10 CFU/g of different strains-BS, 6-3-1, and HAINUP40. Remarkably, the study demonstrated that the 6-3-1 and HAINUP40 groups exhibited significant enhancements across key growth parameters: final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), feed intake (FI), feed efficiency ratio (FER), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The investigation into lipid metabolism revealed that the 6-3-1 strain upregulated seven metabolism-related genes, HAINUP40 affected four metabolism-related genes, and the BS strain influenced two metabolism-related genes, indicating diverse metabolic impacts by different strains. Further, a notable reduction in liver enzymes AST and ALT was observed across all supplemented groups, implying improved liver health. Noteworthy was the BS strain's superior antioxidative capabilities, positively affecting all four measured parameters (CAT, GSH-Px, MDA). In the sphere of immune-related gene expression, the BS strain significantly decreased the expression of both inflammation and apoptosis-related genes, whereas the HAINUP40 strain demonstrated an upregulation in these genes. The challenge test results were particularly telling, showcasing improved survival rates against infection in the BS and 6-3-1 groups, unlike the HAINUP40 group. These outcomes highlight the strain-specific nature of probiotics and their varying mechanisms of action within the host. In conclusion, this study reveals that probiotic strains, varying by source, demonstrate unique, strain-specific effects in promoting growth and modulating immunity in hybrid grouper. This research highlights the promise of tailored probiotic applications in improving aquaculture practices. Such advancements contribute to more sustainable and efficient fish farming methods.
PubMed: 38612301
DOI: 10.3390/ani14071062 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024Heavy metal accumulation increases rapidly in the environment due to anthropogenic activities and industrialization. The leather and surgical industry produces many...
Heavy metal accumulation increases rapidly in the environment due to anthropogenic activities and industrialization. The leather and surgical industry produces many contaminants containing heavy metals. Cadmium, a prominent contaminant, is linked to severe health risks, notably kidney and liver damage, especially among individuals exposed to contaminated wastewater. This study aims to leverage the natural cadmium resistance mechanisms in bacteria for bioaccumulation purposes. The industrial wastewater samples, characterized by an alarming cadmium concentration of 29.6 ppm, 52 ppm, and 76.4 ppm-far exceeding the recommended limit of 0.003 ppm-were subjected to screening for cadmium-resistant bacteria using cadmium-supplemented media with CdCl. 16S rRNA characterization identified Vibrio cholerae and Proteus mirabilis as cadmium-resistant bacteria in the collected samples. Subsequently, the cadmium resistance-associated cadA gene was successfully amplified in Vibrio species and Proteus mirabilis, revealing a product size of 623 bp. Further analysis of the identified bacteria included the examination of virulent genes, specifically the tcpA gene (472 bp) associated with cholera and the UreC gene (317 bp) linked to urinary tract infections. To enhance the bioaccumulation of cadmium, the study proposes the potential suppression of virulent gene expression through in-silico gene-editing tools such as CRISPR-Cas9. A total of 27 gRNAs were generated for UreC, with five selected for expression. Similarly, 42 gRNA sequences were generated for tcpA, with eight chosen for expression analysis. The selected gRNAs were integrated into the lentiCRISPR v2 expression vector. This strategic approach aims to facilitate precise gene editing of disease-causing genes (tcpA and UreC) within the bacterial genome. In conclusion, this study underscores the potential utility of Vibrio species and Proteus mirabilis as effective candidates for the removal of cadmium from industrial wastewater, offering insights for future environmental remediation strategies.
Topics: Humans; Cholera; Proteus mirabilis; Cadmium; CRISPR-Cas Systems; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Wastewater; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems; Vibrio; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 38609487
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59340-9 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024are associated with live seafood because they are part of the indigenous marine microflora. In Asia, foodborne infections caused by spp. are common. In recent years,...
are associated with live seafood because they are part of the indigenous marine microflora. In Asia, foodborne infections caused by spp. are common. In recent years, has become the leading cause of all reported food poisoning outbreaks. Therefore, the halogenated acid and its 33 derivatives were investigated for their antibacterial efficacy against . The compounds 3,5-diiodo-2-methoxyphenylboronic acid (DIMPBA) and 2-fluoro-5-iodophenylboronic acid (FIPBA) exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. DIMPBA and FIPBA had minimum inhibitory concentrations of 100 μg/mL for the planktonic cell growth and prevented biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. Both iodo-boric acids could diminish the several virulence factors influencing the motility, agglutination of fimbria, hydrophobicity, and indole synthesis. Consequently, these two active halogenated acids hampered the proliferation of the planktonic and biofilm cells. Moreover, these compounds have the potential to effectively inhibit the presence of biofilm formation on the surface of both squid and shrimp models.
Topics: Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Biofilms; Virulence Factors; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Boronic Acids; Vibrio
PubMed: 38606300
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1340910 -
NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes Apr 2024Increasing evidence infers that some complex diseases are attributed to co-infection with multiple pathogens, such as shrimp white feces syndrome (WFS); however, there...
Increasing evidence infers that some complex diseases are attributed to co-infection with multiple pathogens, such as shrimp white feces syndrome (WFS); however, there is a lack of experimental evidence to validate such causal link. This deficiency further impedes rational design of probiotics to elicit desired benefits to shrimp WFS resistance. Herein, we validated the causal roles of Vibrio fluvialis, V. coralliilyticus and V. tubiashii (in a ratio of 7:2:1) in shrimp WFS etiology, which fully satisfied Koch's postulates. Correspondingly, we precisely designed four antagonistic strains: Ruegeria lacuscaerulensis, Nioella nitratireducens, Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces euryhalinus in a ratio of 4:3:2:1, which efficiently guarded against WFS. Dietary supplementation of the probiotics stimulated beneficial gut populations, streptomycin, short chain fatty acids, taurine metabolism potentials, network stability, tight junction, and host selection, while reducing turnover rate and average variation degree of gut microbiota, thereby facilitating ecological and mechanical barriers against pathogens. Additionally, shrimp immune pathways, such as Fcγ R-mediated phagocytosis, Toll-like receptor and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways conferring immune barrier, were activated by probiotics supplementation. Collectively, we establish an updated framework for precisely validating co-infection with multiple pathogens and rationally designing antagonistic probiotics. Furthermore, our findings uncover the underlying beneficial mechanisms of designed probiotics from the probiotics-gut microbiome-host immunity axis.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Coinfection; Feces; Probiotics
PubMed: 38605016
DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00509-5 -
PLoS Genetics Apr 2024Peptidoglycan (PG) is the main component of the bacterial cell wall; it maintains cell shape while protecting the cell from internal osmotic pressure and external...
Peptidoglycan (PG) is the main component of the bacterial cell wall; it maintains cell shape while protecting the cell from internal osmotic pressure and external environmental challenges. PG synthesis is essential for bacterial growth and survival, and a series of PG modifications are required to allow expansion of the sacculus. Endopeptidases (EPs), for example, cleave the crosslinks between adjacent PG strands to allow the incorporation of newly synthesized PG. EPs are collectively essential for bacterial growth and must likely be carefully regulated to prevent sacculus degradation and cell death. However, EP regulation mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we used TnSeq to uncover novel EP regulators in Vibrio cholerae. This screen revealed that the carboxypeptidase DacA1 (PBP5) alleviates EP toxicity. dacA1 is essential for viability on LB medium, and this essentiality was suppressed by EP overexpression, revealing that EP toxicity both mitigates, and is mitigated by, a defect in dacA1. A subsequent suppressor screen to restore viability of ΔdacA1 in LB medium identified hypomorphic mutants in the PG synthesis pathway, as well as mutations that promote EP activation. Our data thus reveal a more complex role of DacA1 in maintaining PG homeostasis than previously assumed.
Topics: Peptidoglycan; Vibrio cholerae; Endopeptidases; Carboxypeptidases; Cell Wall; Bacterial Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Epistasis, Genetic; Mutation
PubMed: 38598601
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011234 -
Vaccine Apr 2024Despite being a preventable and treatable disease, cholera remains a public health problem in Sudan. The objective of the outbreak investigation was to identify...
INTRODUCTION
Despite being a preventable and treatable disease, cholera remains a public health problem in Sudan. The objective of the outbreak investigation was to identify associated risk factors that would help institute appropriate control measures.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A case control study design was chosen to identify the risk factors for cholera in Gadarif State.
RESULTS
Multi-variate analysis of identified two risk factors and three preventive factors for cholera in Gadarif City.
RISK FACTORS
Buying foods or drinks from street vendors (OR = 71.36), 95 % CI: 16.58-307.14), living in an urban setting (Gadarif City) (OR = 5.38), 95 % CI: 2.10-13.81); and the preventive factors were: Washing hands with water after defecation but without soap (OR = 0.16), 95 % CI: 0.04-0.63) or with soap (OR = 0.01), 95 % CI: 0.00-0.03), washing hands before eating (OR = 0.15), 95 % CI: 0.05-0.51) and taking Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) (OR = 0.19, 95 % CI: 0.08-0.44). The effectiveness of OCV (VE) was (Unadjusted VE: 80 %, 95 % CI: 69 %-87 %) or (Adjusted VE = 81.0 %, 95 % CI: 56.0 %-92.0 %).
DISCUSSION
Cholera outbreaks, especially in the setting of a complex humanitarian crises, can spread rapidly, resulting in many deaths, and quickly become a public health crisis. Implementation of a community-wide vaccination campaign using OCV as early as possible during the outbreak while implementing other control measures to target hotspots and at-risk populations would expedite halting outbreaks of cholera and save lives.
Topics: Humans; Cholera Vaccines; Cholera; Case-Control Studies; Soaps; Administration, Oral; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 38594122
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.045 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Apr 2024
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Vibrio vulnificus; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 38589031
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.231766 -
Cell Host & Microbe May 2024Many, if not all, bacteria use quorum sensing (QS) to control collective behaviors, and more recently, QS has also been discovered in bacteriophages (phages). Phages can...
Many, if not all, bacteria use quorum sensing (QS) to control collective behaviors, and more recently, QS has also been discovered in bacteriophages (phages). Phages can produce communication molecules of their own, or "listen in" on the host's communication processes, to switch between lytic and lysogenic modes of infection. Here, we study the interaction of Vibrio cholerae with the lysogenic phage VP882, which is activated by the QS molecule DPO. We discover that induction of VP882 results in the binding of phage transcripts to the major RNA chaperone Hfq, which in turn outcompetes and downregulates host-encoded small RNAs (sRNAs). VP882 itself also encodes Hfq-binding sRNAs, and we demonstrate that one of these sRNAs, named VpdS, promotes phage replication by regulating host and phage mRNA levels. We further show that host-encoded sRNAs can antagonize phage replication by downregulating phage mRNA expression and thus might be part of the host's phage defense arsenal.
Topics: Vibrio cholerae; Quorum Sensing; Bacteriophages; Host Factor 1 Protein; Virus Replication; Lysogeny; RNA, Viral; RNA, Small Untranslated; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Messenger; Host Microbial Interactions
PubMed: 38579715
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.03.010 -
Swiss Medical Weekly Apr 2024Although non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae lack the ctxAB genes encoding cholera toxin, they can cause diarrhoeal disease and outbreaks in humans. In Switzerland, V....
STUDY AIMS
Although non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae lack the ctxAB genes encoding cholera toxin, they can cause diarrhoeal disease and outbreaks in humans. In Switzerland, V. cholerae is a notifiable pathogen and all clinical isolates are analysed at the National Reference Laboratory for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria. Up to 20 infections are reported annually. In this study, we investigated the population structure and genetic characteristics of non-toxigenic V. cholerae isolates collected over five years.
METHODS
V. cholerae isolates were serotyped and non-toxigenic isolates identified using a ctxA-specific PCR. Following Illumina whole-genome sequencing, genome assemblies were screened for virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Phylogenetic analyses were performed in the context of 965 publicly available V. cholerae genomes.
RESULTS
Out of 33 V. cholerae infections reported between January 2017 and January 2022 in Switzerland, 31 were caused by ctxA-negative isolates. These non-toxigenic isolates originated from gastrointestinal (n = 29) or extraintestinal (n = 2) sites. They were phylogenetically diverse and belonged to 29 distinct sequence types. Two isolates were allocated to the lineage L3b, a ctxAB-negative but tcpA-positive clade previously associated with regional outbreaks. The remaining 29 isolates were placed in lineage L4, which is associated with environmental strains. Genes or mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to the first-line antibiotics fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines were identified in 11 and 3 isolates, respectively. One isolate was predicted to be multidrug resistant.
CONCLUSIONS
V. cholerae infections in Switzerland are rare and predominantly caused by lowly virulent ctxAB-negative and tcpA-negative strains. As V. cholerae is not endemic in Switzerland, cases are assumed to be acquired predominantly during travel. This assumption was supported by the phylogenetic diversity of the analysed isolates.
Topics: Humans; Vibrio cholerae; Cholera; Cross-Sectional Studies; Phylogeny; Switzerland; Genomics
PubMed: 38579327
DOI: 10.57187/s.3437