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BMJ Case Reports Dec 2023The internal mammary artery has become the primary conduit for the surgical revascularisation of the left anterior descending artery. Large side branches of internal...
The internal mammary artery has become the primary conduit for the surgical revascularisation of the left anterior descending artery. Large side branches of internal mammary artery are typically ligated during cardiac surgery to avoid a potential coronary steal phenomenon. However, ligation of side branches can be unsuccessful due to the technically difficult surgical exploration of internal mammary artery branches. In this article, we present a case of a man who suffered from exertion angina pectoris despite successful surgical revascularisation of occluded left anterior descending artery by the internal mammary artery bypass. The coronary steal syndrome caused by the mighty side branch of internal mammary artery, that is, lateral costal artery was concluded as the reason of exertional angina. The endovascular procedure was performed and the lateral costal artery was successfully occluded using vascular plug. The occlusion of lateral costal artery has led to a complete disappearance of the exertional angina.
Topics: Male; Humans; Angina Pectoris; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronary Artery Disease; Mammary Arteries; Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis
PubMed: 38129080
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-256654 -
Computers in Biology and Medicine Feb 2024This article presents an overview of existing approaches to perform vectorcardiographic (VCG) diagnostics of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Individual methodologies are... (Review)
Review
This article presents an overview of existing approaches to perform vectorcardiographic (VCG) diagnostics of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Individual methodologies are divided into categories to create a comprehensive and clear overview of electrical cardiac activity measurement, signal pre-processing, features extraction and classification procedures. An emphasis is placed on methods describing the electrical heart space (EHS) by several features extraction techniques based on spatiotemporal characteristics or signal modelling and signal transformations. Performance of individual methodologies are compared depending on classification of extent of ischemia, acute forms - myocardial infarction (MI) and myocardial scars localization. Based on a comparison of imaging methods, the advantages of VCG over the standard 12-leads ECG such as providing a 3D orthogonal leads imaging, better performance, and appropriate computer processing are highlighted. The issues of electrical cardiac activity measurements on body surface, the lack of VKG databases supported by a more accurate imaging method, possibility of comparison with the physiology of individual cases are outlined as potential reserves for future research.
Topics: Humans; Vectorcardiography; Heart; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardium; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Electrocardiography
PubMed: 38103481
DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107781 -
Poultry Science Feb 2024The cluster homolog of immunoglobulin-like receptors (CHIRs), previously known as the "chicken homolog of immunogloublin-like receptors," represents is a large group of...
The cluster homolog of immunoglobulin-like receptors (CHIRs), previously known as the "chicken homolog of immunogloublin-like receptors," represents is a large group of transmembrane glycoproteins that direct the immune response. However, the full repertoire of putatively activating, inhibitory, or dual function CHIRA, CHIRB, and CHIRAB on chickens' immune responses is poorly understood. Herein, the study objective was to determine the genes encoding CHIR proteins and predict their function by searching canonical protein structure. A bioinformatics pipeline based on previous work was employed to search for the CHIRs from the newly updated broiler and layer genomes. The categorization into CHIRA, CHIRB, and CHIRAB types was assigned through motif searches, multiple sequence alignment, and phylogeny. In total, 150 protein-encoding genes on Chromosome 31 were identified as CHIRs. Gene members of each functional group (CHIRA, CHIRB, CHIRAB) were classified in accordance with previously recognized proteins. The genes were renamed to "cluster homolog of immunoglobulin-like receptors" (CHIRs) to allow for the naming of orthologous genes in other avian species. Additionally, expression analysis of the classified CHIRs across various reinforces their importance as immune regulators and activation in inflammatory tissues. Furthermore, over 1,000 diverse and rare CHIRs variants associated with differential Marek's disease response (P < 0.05) emphasize the impact of CHIRs on shaping avian immune responses in diverse contexts. The practical applications of these findings encompass advancing immunology, improving poultry health management, optimizing breeding programs for disease resistance, and enhancing overall animal health through a deeper understanding of the roles and functions of CHIRA, CHIRB, and CHIRAB types in avian immune responses.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Genome; Phylogeny; Marek Disease; Immunoglobulins
PubMed: 38100950
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103292 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Dec 2023The pronounced growth in livestock populations since the 1950s has altered the epidemiological and evolutionary trajectory of their associated pathogens. For example,...
The pronounced growth in livestock populations since the 1950s has altered the epidemiological and evolutionary trajectory of their associated pathogens. For example, Marek's disease virus (MDV), which causes lymphoid tumors in chickens, has experienced a marked increase in virulence over the past century. Today, MDV infections kill >90% of unvaccinated birds, and controlling it costs more than US$1 billion annually. By sequencing MDV genomes derived from archeological chickens, we demonstrate that it has been circulating for at least 1000 years. We functionally tested the oncogene, one of 49 viral genes positively selected in modern strains, demonstrating that ancient MDV was likely incapable of driving tumor formation. Our results demonstrate the power of ancient DNA approaches to trace the molecular basis of virulence in economically relevant pathogens.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Herpesvirus 2, Gallid; Lymphoma; Marek Disease; Virulence; Phylogeny
PubMed: 38096384
DOI: 10.1126/science.adg2238 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Dec 2023Microbial genomes from ancient chickens uncover the drivers of pathogenicity.
Microbial genomes from ancient chickens uncover the drivers of pathogenicity.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Virulence; Marek Disease; Mardivirus; Genome, Viral
PubMed: 38096277
DOI: 10.1126/science.adl6094 -
Poultry Science Feb 2024The concept of backyard poultry historically encompassed "food-producing animals." Nevertheless, a recent shift in livestock production paradigms within developed... (Review)
Review
The concept of backyard poultry historically encompassed "food-producing animals." Nevertheless, a recent shift in livestock production paradigms within developed countries is evident, as backyard poultry owners now raise their birds for purposes beyond self-consumption, raising animals in a familiar way, and fostering emotional bonds with them. Because backyard animals are frequently privately owned, and the resulting products are typically not marketed, very little information is available about the demographic profile of backyard owners and information on flocks' characteristics, husbandry, and welfare. Thus, this review aims to clarify the characteristics of backyard poultry, highlighting the prevalent infectious diseases and the zoonotic risk to which farmers are exposed. According to the FAO, there are different types of poultry production systems: intensive, sub-intensive, and extensive. The system conditions, requirements, and the resulting performance differ extensively due to the type of breed, feeding practices, prevalence of disease, prevention and control of diseases, flock management, and the interactions among all these factors. The presence and transmission of infectious diseases in avian species is a problem that affects both the animals themselves and public health. Bacterial (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Mycoplasma), parasitic (helminths, louses, and mites), and viral (Avian influenza, Newcastle, Marek, Infectious Bronchitis, Gumboro, Infectious Laringotracheitis, and Fowlpox) are the most important pathogens involved in backyard poultry health. In addition, Avian influenza, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli, could be a risk for backyard farmers and/or backyard-derived products consumers. Thus, proper biosecurity implementation measures are mandatory to control them. While the principles and practices of on-farm biosecurity may be well-versed among commercial farmers, hobbyists, and backyard farmers might not be familiar with the necessary steps to protect their flocks from infectious diseases and curb their transmission. This sector represents the fourth category of poultry farming, characterized by the lowest biosecurity standards. Consequently, it is imperative to address the legal status of backyard poultry, educate owners about biosecurity measures, and promote proper veterinary care and disease control.
Topics: Animals; Poultry; Influenza in Birds; Chickens; Escherichia coli; Communicable Diseases; Poultry Diseases; Animal Husbandry
PubMed: 38056053
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103284 -
JAMA Neurology Jan 2024Nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) often predate the movement disorder by decades. Currently, there is no blood biomarker to define this prodromal phase.
IMPORTANCE
Nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) often predate the movement disorder by decades. Currently, there is no blood biomarker to define this prodromal phase.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether α-synuclein in neuronally derived serum-extracellular vesicles identifies individuals at risk of developing PD and related dementia.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This retrospective, cross-sectional multicenter study of serum samples included the Oxford Discovery, Marburg, Cologne, and Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative cohorts. Participants were recruited from July 2013 through August 2023 and samples were analyzed from April 2022 through September 2023. The derivation group (n = 170) included participants with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and controls. Two validation groups were used: the first (n = 122) included participants with iRBD and controls and the second (n = 263) included nonmanifest GBA1N409S gene carriers, participants with iRBD or hyposmia, and available dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography, healthy controls, and patients with sporadic PD. Overall the study included 199 participants with iRBD, 20 hyposmic participants with available dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography, 146 nonmanifest GBA1N409S gene carriers, 21 GBA1N409S gene carrier patients with PD, 50 patients with sporadic PD, and 140 healthy controls. In the derivation group and validation group 1, participants with polysomnographically confirmed iRBD were included. In the validation group 2, at-risk participants with available Movement Disorder Society prodromal markers and serum samples were included. Among 580 potential participants, 4 were excluded due to alternative diagnoses.
EXPOSURES
Clinical assessments, imaging, and serum collection.
MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES
L1CAM-positive extracellular vesicles (L1EV) were immunocaptured from serum. α-Synuclein and syntenin-1 were measured by electrochemiluminescence. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) with 95% CIs evaluated biomarker performance. Probable prodromal PD was determined using the updated Movement Disorder Society research criteria. Multiple linear regression models assessed the association between L1EV α-synuclein and prodromal markers.
RESULTS
Among 576 participants included, the mean (SD) age was 64.30 (8.27) years, 394 were male (68.4%), and 182 were female (31.6%). A derived threshold of serum L1EV α-synuclein distinguished participants with iRBD from controls (AUC = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86-0.96) and those with more than 80% probability of having prodromal PD from participants with less than 5% probability (AUC = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71-0.89). Subgroup analyses revealed that specific combinations of prodromal markers were associated with increased L1EV α-synuclein levels. Across all cohorts, L1EV α-synuclein differentiated participants with more than 80% probability of having prodromal PD from current and historic healthy control populations (AUC = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.93), irrespective of initial diagnosis. L1EV α-synuclein was increased in at-risk participants with a positive cerebrospinal fluid seed amplification assay and was above the identified threshold in 80% of cases (n = 40) that phenoconverted to PD or related dementia.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
L1EV α-synuclein in combination with prodromal markers should be considered in the stratification of those at high risk of developing PD and related Lewy body diseases.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; alpha-Synuclein; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Extracellular Vesicles; Lewy Body Disease; Parkinson Disease; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38048087
DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.4398 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Marek's disease (MD) caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), poses a serious threat to the poultry industry by inducing neurological disease and malignant lymphoma in...
Marek's disease (MD) caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), poses a serious threat to the poultry industry by inducing neurological disease and malignant lymphoma in infected chickens. However, the underlying mechanisms how MDV disrupts host cells and causes damage still remain elusive. Recently, the application of metabolomics has shown great potential for uncovering the complex mechanisms during virus-host interactions. In this study, chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) infected with MDV were subjected to ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) and multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that 261 metabolites were significantly altered upon MDV infection, with most changes occurring in amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Notably, MDV infection induces an up-regulation of amino acids in host cells during the early stages of infection to provide the energy and intermediary metabolites necessary for efficient multiplication of its own replication. Taken together, these data not only hold promise in identifying the biochemical molecules utilized by MDV replication in host cells, but also provides a new insight into understanding MDV-host interactions.
PubMed: 38029131
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270762 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023
PubMed: 38026625
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1326282 -
Journal of Virology Dec 2023Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly infectious and oncogenic virus that can induce severe T cell lymphomas in chickens. MDV encodes more than 100 genes, most of...
Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly infectious and oncogenic virus that can induce severe T cell lymphomas in chickens. MDV encodes more than 100 genes, most of which have unknown functions. This work indicated that the gene is necessary for MDV early cytolytic replication in B lymphocytes. In addition, we have found that the deletion mutant has a comparative immunological protective effect with CVI988/Rispens vaccine strain against very virulent MDV challenge. This is a significant discovery that LORF9 can be exploited as a possible target for the development of an MDV gene deletion vaccine.
Topics: Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Chickens; Gene Deletion; Herpesvirus 2, Gallid; Marek Disease; Marek Disease Vaccines; Poultry Diseases; Virus Replication
PubMed: 38014947
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01574-23