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Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2024The growing increase in the fish farming sector has favored the establishment of bacterial outbreaks caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in several species. The hexane...
The growing increase in the fish farming sector has favored the establishment of bacterial outbreaks caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in several species. The hexane extract of Hesperozygis ringens (HEHR) (Lamiaceae) leaves increased the survival rate of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) experimentally infected by A. hydrophila. However, it is noteworthy that no reports have been found on the possible mechanisms of action of this extract in infected fish. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the HEHR, administered through single immersion bath, on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defenses in muscle and liver tissue of silver catfish challenged with A. hydrophila. The results showed that the oxidative status of silver catfish was altered, although oxidative stress was not triggered during the experiment. HEHR at 30 mg/L (HEHR30) was not characterized as a pro-oxidant agent in the presence of infection, unlike florfenicol and HEHR at 15 mg/L treatments in some cases. In short, HEHR30 provided an important increase in hepatic catalase activity, characterizing one of the possible mechanisms involved in the greater survival of fish experimentally infected by A. hydrophila. Additionally, HEHR30 did not induce lipid peroxidation, nor reduced antioxidant defenses of silver catfish infected or not by A. hydrophila.
Topics: Animals; Aeromonas hydrophila; Antioxidants; Catfishes; Hexanes; Immersion; Lamiaceae; Oxidation-Reduction; Fish Diseases; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 38597489
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230188 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Jun 2024Heat-killed probiotics offer an alternative approach to enhance growth and disease resistance in farmed fish. In this study, we isolated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum...
Effect of dietary heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum VSG3 on growth, immunity, antioxidant status, and immune-related gene expression in pathogen-aggravated Cyprinus carpio.
Heat-killed probiotics offer an alternative approach to enhance growth and disease resistance in farmed fish. In this study, we isolated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum VSG3 from the gut of Labeo rohita to investigate the effects of heat-killed L. plantarum (HK-LP) on the health and growth performance of Cyprinus carpio fingerlings. Different concentrations of HK-LP (0, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg) were administered to the fish, followed by a challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila after 8 weeks of feeding. Notably, the LP200 group exhibited significantly improved percentage weight gain and specific growth rate, accompanied by the lowest feed conversion ratio. Post-challenge survival rates were considerably enhanced in the LP200 group, reaching 60.65%. Moreover, serum analysis indicated significantly higher levels of total protein and albumin in the LP200 group than in the control group. Although HK-LP had no substantial impact on certain serum parameters (glucose, total cholesterol, cortisol, and alanine aminotransferase), aspartate aminotransferase levels were considerably low in the LP200 group. Intestinal protease and trypsin activities significantly increased in the LP200 group, while no significant changes were observed in lipase and amylase activities post-pathogen challenge. Serum immunological indices, including lysozyme, alternative complement pathway, and phagocytic activity, improved considerably in the LP200 group. Additionally, serum antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], catalase [CAT], and myeloperoxidase) were significantly elevated in the LP200 group, while malondialdehyde level was reduced. Gene expression analysis in liver tissue indicated strong upregulation of antioxidant-related genes (SOD, CAT, nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NFE2]-related factor 2 [Nrf2], Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1[Keap1]) in the LP100 and LP200 groups. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) were considerably downregulated in the kidneys of the LP200 post-challenged fish, although the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 showed an increased expression. Quadratic regression analysis identified the optimal dietary HK-LP level for maximizing growth and immune performance (200.381-270.003 mg/kg). In summary, our findings underscore the potential of HK-LP as a valuable dietary supplement for enhancing carp aquaculture, particularly at the appropriate concentration.
Topics: Animals; Probiotics; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Carps; Animal Feed; Fish Diseases; Diet; Aeromonas hydrophila; Antioxidants; Immunity, Innate; Lactobacillus plantarum; Hot Temperature; Gene Expression; Dietary Supplements; Random Allocation; Disease Resistance
PubMed: 38593522
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109547 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Mar 2024Necrotizi ng fasciit is [NF] i s a m ultifaceted disease of the muscle fascia and body tissues which demands the earliest intervention. Past reviews have documented ver...
Necrotizi ng fasciit is [NF] i s a m ultifaceted disease of the muscle fascia and body tissues which demands the earliest intervention. Past reviews have documented ver y few cases of Aeromonas Hydroph ila [AH] induced N F fol lo wing abdominal surgery. AH can cause fatal NF as seen in a 72 year old female patient reported at Liaquat National Hospital &Medical College; a ter tiary care center in Karachi, Pakistan on 2nd April, 2022. She had a k nown comorbidity of hypertension and presented with the chief complaint of symptomatic gallstones for which she unde rwent Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LAPCHOL). She developed NF of the lower ab domen post- oper atively. Following uneventful Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy our pati ent presented to the ER two days later with severe lower abdo minal pain and overlyi ng celluliti s. Fasc io to my revealed extensive myonecrosis with necrotizing soft tissue in fe ction. Despite u ndergoing extensive surgical debr idement and broad spectr um antibi ot ic administration; the patient died in the ICU on the fifth postoperat ive day followi ng septic complications. Histopathologica l an alysis, confirmed i nflammat ion and necrosis. Culture sensitivity of the debrided tissue revealed AH. Approach should lie towards analyzing the behaviour of such microbes in high risk patients through collective case studies. This is the first clinical case showcasing such parameters e ncountered in the General Surger y Department.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aged; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Aeromonas hydrophila; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; Comorbidity; Gallstones
PubMed: 38591302
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.9344 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Bacterial biofilm is a well-known characteristic that plays important roles in diverse physiological functions, whereas the current intrinsic regulatory mechanism of its...
INTRODUCTION
Bacterial biofilm is a well-known characteristic that plays important roles in diverse physiological functions, whereas the current intrinsic regulatory mechanism of its formation is still largely unknown.
METHODS
In the present study, a label-free based quantitative proteomics technology was conducted to compare the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between and the wild-type strain in the biofilm state.
RESULTS
The results showed that the deletion of gene uidR encoding a TetR transcriptional regulator significantly increased the biofilm formation in . And there was a total of 220 DEPs, including 120 up-regulated proteins and 100 down-regulated proteins between and the wild-type strain based on the quantitative proteomics. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that may affect bacterial biofilm formation by regulating some related proteins in glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid pathway. The expressions of selected proteins involved in this pathway were further confirmed by q-PCR assay, and the results was in accordance with the quantitative proteomics data. Moreover, the deletion of four genes ( and ) related to the glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid pathway lead to a significant decrease in the biofilm formation.
DISCUSSION
Thus, the results indicated that involved in the regulatory of bacterial biofilm formation, and it may provide a potential target for the drug development and a new clue for the prevention of pathogenic in the future.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Aeromonas hydrophila; Proteomics; Biofilms; Glyoxylates
PubMed: 38585655
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1380747 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Jun 2024C-type lectins (CTLs) execute critical functions in multiple immune responses of crustaceans as a member of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) family. In this study, a...
C-type lectins (CTLs) execute critical functions in multiple immune responses of crustaceans as a member of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) family. In this study, a novel CTL was identified from the exoskeleton of the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (MnLec3). The full-length cDNA of MnLec3 was 1150 bp with an open reading frame of 723 bp, encoding 240 amino acids. MnLec3 protein contained a signal peptide and one single carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). MnLec3 transcripts were widely distributed at the exoskeleton all over the body. Significant up-regulation of MnLec3 in exoskeleton after Aeromonas hydrophila challenged suggested the involvement of MnLec3 as well as the possible function of the exoskeleton in immune response. In vitro tests with recombinant MnLec3 protein (rMnLec3) manifested that it had polysaccharide binding activity, a wide spectrum of bacterial binding activity and agglutination activity only for tested Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Vibrio anguillarum and A. hydrophila). Moreover, rMnLec3 significantly promoted phagocytic ability of hemocytes against A. hydrophila in vivo. What's more, MnLec3 interference remarkably impaired the survivability of the prawns when infected with A. hydrophila. Collectively, these results ascertained that MnLec3 derived from exoskeleton took an essential part in immune defense of the prawns against invading bacteria as a PRR.
Topics: Animals; Palaemonidae; Lectins, C-Type; Phagocytosis; Arthropod Proteins; Hemocytes; Immunity, Innate; Amino Acid Sequence; Aeromonas hydrophila; Phylogeny; Sequence Alignment; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Profiling; Base Sequence; Animal Shells
PubMed: 38579977
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109532 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024This study was divided into two parts. The first part involved the isolation, and detection of the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Aeromonas...
This study was divided into two parts. The first part involved the isolation, and detection of the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio species from Nile tilapia fish and marine aquatic water. One hundred freshly dead Nile tilapia fish were collected from freshwater aquaculture fish farms located in Al-Abbassah district, Sharkia Governorate, and 100 samples of marine aquatic water were collected from fish farms in Port Said. The second part of the study focused on determining the in vitro inhibitory effect of dual-combination of AgNPs-H2O2 on bacterial growth and its down regulatory effect on crucial virulence factors using RT-PCR. The highest levels of A. hydrophila and P. aeruginosa were detected in 43%, and 34% of Nile tilapia fish samples, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest level of Vibrio species was found in 37% of marine water samples. Additionally, most of the isolated A. hydrophila, P. aeruginosa and Vibrio species exhibited a multi-drug resistance profile. The MIC and MBC results indicated a bactericidal effect of AgNPs-H2O2. Furthermore, a transcriptional modulation effect of AgNPs-H2O2 on the virulence-associated genes resulted in a significant down-regulation of aerA, exoU, and trh genes in A. hydrophila, P. aeruginosa, and Vibrio spp., respectively. The findings of this study suggest the effectiveness of AgNPs-H2O2 against drug resistant pathogens related to aquaculture.
Topics: Animals; Hydrogen Peroxide; Silver; Fisheries; Metal Nanoparticles; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cichlids; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Water; Fish Diseases; Aeromonas hydrophila
PubMed: 38575637
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58349-4 -
PloS One 2024This study aimed to investigate AMR profiles of Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio cholerae isolated from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) (n = 276)...
This study aimed to investigate AMR profiles of Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio cholerae isolated from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) (n = 276) purchased from fresh markets and supermarkets in Bangkok, Thailand. A sample of tilapia was divided into three parts: fish intestine (n = 276), fish meat (n = 276), and liver and kidney (n = 276). The occurrence of A. hydrophila, Salmonella, and V. cholerae was 3.1%, 7.4%, and 8.5%, respectively. A high prevalence of these pathogenic bacteria was observed in fresh market tilapia compared to those from supermarkets (p < 0.05). The predominant Salmonella serovars were Paratyphi B (6.4%), followed by Escanaba (5.7%), and Saintpaul (5.7%). All isolates tested positive for the virulence genes of A. hydrophila (aero and hly), Salmonella (invA), and V. cholerae (hlyA). A. hydrophila (65.4%), Salmonella (31.2%), and V. cholerae (2.9%) showed multidrug resistant isolates. All A. hydrophila isolates (n = 26) exhibited resistant to ampicillin (100.0%) and florfenicol (100.0%), and often carried sul1 (53.8%) and tetA (50.0%). Salmonella isolates were primarily resistant to ampicillin (36.9%), with a high incidence of blaTEM (26.2%) and qnrS (25.5%). For V. cholerae isolates, resistance was observed against ampicillin (48.6%), and they commonly carried qnrS (24.3%) and tetA (22.9%). To identify mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs), a single C248A point mutation of C248A (Ser-83-Tyr) in the gyrA region was identified in six out of seven isolates of Salmonella isolates. This study highlighted the presence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic bacteria in Nile tilapia at a selling point. It is important to rigorously implement strategies for AMR control and prevention.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cichlids; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Thailand; Ampicillin; Aeromonas hydrophila; Salmonella; Foodborne Diseases
PubMed: 38564611
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299987 -
International Journal of Biological... May 2024The increasing emergence and dissemination of bacterial pathogens in largemouth bass culture accelerate the desire for new treatment measures. Antimicrobial peptides as...
The increasing emergence and dissemination of bacterial pathogens in largemouth bass culture accelerate the desire for new treatment measures. Antimicrobial peptides as the host's antimicrobial source dominate the preferred molecules for discovering antibacterial agents. Here, the potential of Hepcidin-1 from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) (MsHep-1) against bacterial infection is demonstrated. MsHep-1 not only improved the survival rate in infection experiments involving Nocardia seriolae (12 %) and Aeromonas hydrophila (18 %) but also coped with iron overload conditions in vivo. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of MsHep-1 in vitro was identified against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Mechanistic studies show MsHep-1 leads to bacterial death by changing the bacterial membrane potential and disrupting the bacterial membrane structure. These findings demonstrate that MsHep-1 may play an important role in the host response to bacterial infection. It provides promising strategies in the application of immunosuppression prevention and control in fish. AMPs may be a promising and available reservoir for treating the current bacterial diseases.
Topics: Animals; Hepcidins; Bass; Fish Diseases; Bacterial Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aeromonas hydrophila
PubMed: 38556234
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131144 -
Journal of Fish Diseases Jul 2024Aeromonas hydrophila is not a traditional intracellular bacterium. However, previous studies revealed that pathogenic A. hydrophila B11 could temporarily survive for...
Aeromonas hydrophila is not a traditional intracellular bacterium. However, previous studies revealed that pathogenic A. hydrophila B11 could temporarily survive for at least 24 h in fish phagocytes, and the regulation of intracellular survival in bacteria was associated with regulators of the LuxR-type. The mechanisms of luxR on the A. hydrophila's survival in macrophages were investigated using comprehensive transcriptome analysis and biological phenotype analysis in this study. The results showed that after luxR was silenced, the intracellular survival ability of bacteria was significantly diminished. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that luxR was a critical regulator of A. hydrophila, which regulated the expression of over 1200 genes, involving in bacterial flagellar assembly and chemotaxis, ribosome, sulphur metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and other mechanisms. Further studies confirmed that after the inhibition of expression of luxR, the motility, chemotaxis and adhesion of A. hydrophila significantly decreased. Moreover, compared with the wild-type strain, the survival rates of silencing strain were all considerably reduced under both HO and low pH stress conditions. According to both transcriptome analysis and phenotypic tests, the luxR of A. hydrophila could act as global regulator in bacteria intracellular survival. This regulator regulated intracellular survival of A. hydrophila mainly through two ways. One way is to regulate bacterial flagellar synthesis and further affects the motility, chemotaxis and adhesion of bacteria. The other way is to regulate sulphur and glycerolipid metabolisms, thus affecting bacterial energy production and the ability to resist environmental stress.
Topics: Aeromonas hydrophila; Gene Expression Profiling; Animals; Trans-Activators; Repressor Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Transcriptome; Fish Diseases
PubMed: 38555527
DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13949 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Jun 2024In teleost blood, red blood cells (RBCs) are the most common type of cell, and they differ from mammalian RBCs in having a nucleus and other organelles. As nucleated...
In teleost blood, red blood cells (RBCs) are the most common type of cell, and they differ from mammalian RBCs in having a nucleus and other organelles. As nucleated cells, teleost RBCs contribute to the immune response against pathogens, but their antibacterial mechanism remains unclear. Here, we utilized RNA-Seq to analyze gene expression patterns of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) RBCs (GcRBCs) stimulated by Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Our transcriptomic data showed that bacterial stimulation generated many differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Furthermore, several inflammatory pathways responded to bacterial activation, and the TLR, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways were significantly activated based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the findings of qRT-PCR showed markedly elevated expression of various cytokines, including IL-1β, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL12, and TNFα, in GcRBCs after incubation with bacteria. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in GcRBCs was markedly increased after the cells were stimulated with the three bacteria, and the expression of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, was altered. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptosis rate of GcRBCs was enhanced after stimulation with the three bacteria for different times. In summary, our findings reveal that bacterial stimulation activates the immune response of GcRBCs by regulating ROS release, cytokine expression, and the antioxidant system, leading to apoptosis of GcRBCs.
Topics: Animals; Carps; Fish Diseases; Erythrocytes; Aeromonas hydrophila; Immunity, Innate; Escherichia coli; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Fish Proteins; Staphylococcal Infections; Transcriptome; Escherichia coli Infections
PubMed: 38554743
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109526