-
Frontiers in Chemistry 2024This study investigates the potential effects of cannabis seed oil (CSO) on the wound healing process. The aim was to assess the efficacy of CSO in treating skin wounds...
INTRODUCTION
This study investigates the potential effects of cannabis seed oil (CSO) on the wound healing process. The aim was to assess the efficacy of CSO in treating skin wounds using an animal model and to explore its anti-inflammatory properties through in silico analysis.
METHODS
Eighteen male albino Wistar rats, weighing between 200 and 250 g, were divided into three groups: an untreated negative control group, a group treated with the reference drug silver sulfadiazine (SSD) (0.01 g/mL), and a group treated topically with CSO (0.962 g/mL). The initial wound diameter for all groups was 1 cm. In silico studies were conducted using Maestro 11.5 to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of phytoconstituents against cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).
RESULTS
CSO and SSD treatments led to a significant reduction (p <0.05) in the size of burned skin wounds by day 5, with contraction rates of 53.95% and 45.94%, respectively, compared to the untreated negative control group. By day 15, wounds treated with CSO and SSD had nearly healed, showing contraction rates of 98.8% and 98.15%, respectively. By day 20, the wounds treated with CSO had fully healed (100%), while those treated with SSD had almost completely healed, with a contraction rate of 98.97%. Histological examination revealed granulated tissue, neo-blood vessels, fibroblasts, and collagen fibers in wounds treated with CSO. In silico studies identified arachidic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and linolenic acid as potent inhibitors of COX-1 and COX-2. Serum biochemical parameters indicated no significant changes (p > 0.05) in liver and kidney function in rats treated with CSO, whereas a significant increase (p < 0.01) in ALAT level was observed in rats treated with SSD.
DISCUSSION
The findings demonstrate that CSO has a promising effect on wound healing. The CSO treatment resulted in significant wound contraction and histological improvements, with no adverse effects on liver and kidney function.However, the study's limitations, including the small sample size and the need for detailed elucidation of CSO's mechanism of action, suggest that further research is necessary. Future studies should focus on exploring the molecular pathways and signaling processes involved in CSO's pharmacological effects.
PubMed: 38919274
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1381527 -
Se Pu = Chinese Journal of... Jun 2024Oils and fats are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry as solvents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, and dispersants, and are an important category of pharmaceutical...
[Determination of fatty acid composition after saponification of common oil pharmaceutical excipients by supercritical fluid-evaporative light scattering method and its application in oil identification].
Oils and fats are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry as solvents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, and dispersants, and are an important category of pharmaceutical excipients. Fatty acids with unique compositions are important components of oil pharmaceutical excipients. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia provides clear descriptions of the fatty acid types and limits suitable for individual oil pharmaceutical excipient. An unqualified fatty acid composition or content may indicate adulteration or deterioration. The fatty acid composition, as a key indicator for the identification and adulteration evaluation of oil pharmaceutical excipients, can directly affect the quality and safety of oil pharmaceutical excipients and preparations. Gas chromatography is the most widely used technique for fatty acid analysis, but it generally requires derivatization, which affects quantitative accuracy. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), an environmentally friendly technique with excellent separation capability, offers an efficient method for detecting fatty acids without derivatization. Unlike other chromatographic methods, SFC does not use nonvolatile solvents (e. g., water) as the mobile phase, rendering it compatible with an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) for enhanced detection sensitivity. However, the fatty acids in oil pharmaceutical excipients exist in the free and bound forms, and the low content of free fatty acids in these oil pharmaceutical excipients not only poses challenges for their detection but also complicates the determination of characteristic fatty acid compositions and contents. Moreover, the compositions and ratios of fatty acids are influenced by environmental factors, leading to interconversion between their two forms. In this context, saponification provides a simpler and faster alternative to derivatization. Saponification degrades oils and fats by utilizing the reaction between esters and an alkaline solution, ultimately releasing the corresponding fatty acids. Because this method is more cost effective than derivatization, it is a suitable pretreatment method for the detection of fatty acids in oil pharmaceutical excipients using the SFC-ELSD approach. In this study, we employed SFC-ELSD to simultaneously determine six fatty acids, namely, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, docosanoic acid, and lignoceric acid, in oil pharmaceutical excipients. Saponification of the oil pharmaceutical excipients using sodium hydroxide methanol solution effectively avoided the bias in the determination of fatty acid species and contents caused by the interconversion of fatty acids and esters. The separation of the six fatty acids was achieved within 12 min, with good linearity within their respective mass concentration ranges. The limits of detection and quantification were 5-10 mg/L and 10-25 mg/L, respectively, and the spiked recoveries were 80.93%-111.66%. The method proved to be sensitive, reproducible, and stable, adequately meeting requirements for the analysis of fatty acids in oil pharmaceutical excipients. Finally, the analytical method was successfully applied to the determination of six fatty acids in five types of oil pharmaceutical excipients, namely, corn oil, soybean oil, coconut oil, olive oil, and peanut oil. It can be combined with principal component analysis to accurately differentiate different types of oil pharmaceutical excipients, providing technical support for the rapid identification and quality control of oil pharmaceutical excipients. Thus, the proposed method may potentially be applied to the analysis of complex systems adulterated with oil pharmaceutical excipients.
Topics: Fatty Acids; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; Excipients; Scattering, Radiation; Light; Oils
PubMed: 38845519
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.01003 -
International Journal of... May 2024The efficacy of SA foliar use on Pb and Ni-induced stress tolerance and phytoremediation potential by L. were assayed as a factorial trial based on a completely...
The efficacy of SA foliar use on Pb and Ni-induced stress tolerance and phytoremediation potential by L. were assayed as a factorial trial based on a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The factors included; SA foliar application (0 and 100 µM) and HMs application of Pb [0, 150, and 225 mg kg soil Lead (II) nitrate] and Ni [0, 220, and 330 mg kg soil Nickel (II) nitrate]. Plant height, stem diameter, shoot and root fresh and dry weight, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble proteins, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, and some macro- and micro-elements contents were reduced facing the HMs stress, but SA foliar application ameliorated these traits. HMs stress increased malondialdehyde content, total antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, phenolics, and linolenic acid content, while SA foliar application declined the mentioned parameters. Moreover, shoot and root Pb and Ni content enhanced in the purslane plants supplemented by SA under the HMs stress. The results propose SA foliar application as a reliable methodology to recover purslane growth characters and fatty acid profiles in the soil contaminated with the HMs. The idea is that SA would be potentially effective in alleviating HMs contamination while keeping reasonable phytoremediation potential.
PubMed: 38819100
DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2357634 -
Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces... May 2024Air bubbles in pure water appear to coalesce much faster compared to oil emulsion droplets at the same water solution conditions. The main factors explaining this...
Air bubbles in pure water appear to coalesce much faster compared to oil emulsion droplets at the same water solution conditions. The main factors explaining this difference in coalescence times could be interface mobility and/or pH-dependent surface charge at the water interface. To quantify the relative importance of these effects, we use high-speed imaging to monitor the coalescence of free-rising air bubbles with the water-air interface as well as free-falling fluorocarbon-oil emulsion droplets with a water-oil interface. We measure the coalescence times of such bubbles and droplets over a range of different water pH values (3.0, 5.6, 11.0). In the case of bubbles, a very fast coalescence (milliseconds) is observed for the entire pH range in pure water, consistent with the hydrodynamics of fully mobile interfaces. However, when the water-air interface is immobilized by the deposition of a monolayer of arachidic acid, the coalescence is significantly delayed. Furthermore, the coalescence times increase with increasing pH. In the case of fluorocarbon-oil droplets, the coalescence is always much slower (seconds) and consistent with immobile interface coalescence. The fluorocarbon droplet's coalescence time is also pH-dependent, with a complete stabilization (no coalescence) observed at pH 11. In the high electrolyte concentration, a 0.6 M NaCl water solution, bubbles, and droplets have similar coalescence times, which could be related to the bubble interface immobilization at the late stage of the coalescence process. Numerical simulations are used to evaluate the time scale of mobile and immobile interface film drainage.
PubMed: 38748812
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01247 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jun 2024Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) have received considerable attention as anti-aging and anti-metabolic disease nutraceuticals. However,...
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) have received considerable attention as anti-aging and anti-metabolic disease nutraceuticals. However, few studies have focused on their role in ameliorating hepatic metabolic disturbances. In the present study, the effects of NMN and NR on the liver of mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were investigated via transcriptome and metabolome analyses. NMN and NR reduced body weight gain, improved glucose homeostasis, regulated plasma lipid levels, and ameliorated liver injury, oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation in mice with HFD-induced NAFLD. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses indicated that NMN and NR altered the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic acid metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism pathways, increased saturated fatty acid (palmitic acid, stearate, and arachidic acid) content, and increased polyunsaturated fatty acid (linoleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid) content. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that NMN and NR primarily promoted arachidonic acid and linoleic acid catabolism via cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes. This study established a theoretical foundation for the potential use of NMN and NR in future clinical settings.
Topics: Animals; Niacinamide; Pyridinium Compounds; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Nicotinamide Mononucleotide; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Transcriptome; Metabolome; Mice; Liver; Oxidative Stress; Lipid Metabolism; Diet, High-Fat
PubMed: 38729053
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116701 -
International Journal of Food Science 2024seed butter or fat (PBSB) is a vegetable fat extracted from the seeds of the plant. The butter has potential use in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries....
seed butter or fat (PBSB) is a vegetable fat extracted from the seeds of the plant. The butter has potential use in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. The study investigated traditional PBSB processing methods in Ghana and evaluated their effects on yield, physicochemical parameters, and fatty acid composition. Four traditional extraction methods were identified and evaluated, and these methods are direct wet extraction of PBSB from a fresh mixture of the seed paste and water (DEW); wet extraction of PBSB from a 12-hour fermented mixture of the seed paste and water (FWO); direct wet extraction of PBSB from a fresh mixture of the seed paste, salt, and water (DES); and wet extraction of PBSB from a 12-hour fermented mixture of the seed paste, salt, and water (FSO). Results of physicochemical properties of the PBSB samples showed moisture content of 0.06-0.07%, free fatty acid of 1.38-2.43%, iodine value of 56.50-56.85 Wijs, peroxide value of 5.58-8.52 mEq/kg, relative density of 0.91, refractive index of 1.462-1.464, percent impurities of 0.015-0.017%, saponification value of 165.57-178.02 mg KOH/g, and percent unsaponifiable matter of 2.60-3.18%. The PBSB yield varied in the range of 21.68-26.97%, with the highest average butter yield observed for FWO. Seventeen fatty acids were characterized in the PBSB samples, and they included ten saturated fatty acids, five monounsaturated fatty acids, and two polyunsaturated fatty acids. Key fatty acids found in the PBSB samples were oleic acid (51.21-51.31%), stearic acid (43.22-43.33%), palmitic acid (2.91-3.07%), linoleic acid (0.49-0.51%), linolenic acid (0.12-0.20%), and arachidic acid (0.14-0.15%). PBSB samples produced by the various traditional extraction methods in Ghana recorded similar physicochemical characteristics as unrefined shea butter per the Regional Standard for Unrefined Shea Butter (CXS 325R-2017) as well as Cook Brand Margarine, a common commercial baking fat, and thus, their potential food application such as an alternative shortening/ingredient could be explored in a future study.
PubMed: 38715570
DOI: 10.1155/2024/5282230 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Aug 2024Recent studies have shown that elevated levels of medium and long chain saturated fatty acids are associated with an increased risk of depression. However, little is...
BACKGROUND
Recent studies have shown that elevated levels of medium and long chain saturated fatty acids are associated with an increased risk of depression. However, little is known about the effect of very long chain saturated fatty acids (VLSFAs) on depression. Therefore, our study aimed to examine the association between VLSFAs and depression in the US adult population.
METHODS
A total of 2706 participants with serum VLSFAs detection from NHANES 2011-2014 were included in the study. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between quartile levels of serum VLSFAs (20:0, 22:0, 23:0, 24:0, and total VLSFA) and depression.
RESULTS
After adjusting for multiple variables, we found that increased circulating levels of 22:0, 23:0, 24:0 and total VLSFA were linearly associated with a reduced risk of depression (model 3, Q4 OR: 0.658, 95 % CI: 0.438-0.989, P-trend = 0.023; OR: 0.515, 95 % CI: 0.339-0.782, P-trend<0.001; OR: 0.556, 95 % CI: 0.370-0.835, P-trend = 0.003; OR: 0.652, 95 % CI: 0.435-0.976, P-trend = 0.021, respectively). Additionally, individuals with the highest serum ratios of 22:0/16:0, 23:0/16:0, 24:0/16:0 and total VLSFA/16:0 also had a lower risk of depression after adjusting for multiple variables compared to the group with the lowest serum VLSFAs/16:0 (P-trend = 0.001, <0.001, 0.001 and 0.004, respectively). Moreover, the decreasing trend of depression associated with increased VLSFAs/18:0 remained significant.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, our findings suggest that increased circulating levels of 22:0, 23:0, 24:0 and total VLSFA may have a protective effect against the risk of depression.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Fatty Acids; Middle Aged; Adult; Nutrition Surveys; Depression; United States; Cross-Sectional Studies
PubMed: 38703909
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.008 -
Biotechnologia 2024In this study, we examined the effects of seven different sulfur treatments on safflower seeds. The treatments included: no sulfur application (S0), 25 kg/ha of pure...
In this study, we examined the effects of seven different sulfur treatments on safflower seeds. The treatments included: no sulfur application (S0), 25 kg/ha of pure bulk sulfur (S25), 50 kg/ha of pure bulk sulfur (S50), 25 kg/ha of sulfur phosphate (Sp25), 50 kg/ha of sulfur phosphate (Sp50), 25 kg/ha of zinc sulfate (Zs25), and 50 kg/ha of zinc sulfate (Zs50). Our evaluation covered various seed quality attributes, including ash percentage (ASH), oil percentage (OIL), and protein percentage (PRO). Additionally, we analyzed the fatty acid composition, including palmitic acid 16 : 0 (PAL), stearic acid 18 : 0 (STE), oleic acid 18 : 1 (OLE), linoleic acid 18 : 2 (LINL), arachidic acid 20 : 0 (ARA), and linolenic acid 18 : 3 (LINN). The vector-view of the biplot illustrated positive associations among the fatty acids STE, PAL, and OLE, whereas ASH exhibited negative associations with OIL, LINL, and LINN. The polygon-view graph was divided into four sectors, with the genotype S50 emerging as the top performer for attributes such as OIL, PRO, LINL, ARA, and LINN. Treatment Zs50 occupied the vertex of another sector and displayed the highest values for palmitic acid PAL, STE, and OLE, while treatment S0 was positioned at the vertex of the next sector, characterized by its high ASH content. By utilizing the ideal tester tool of treatment by trait biplot, we identified OIL as the desirable trait that most effectively represented the data. The qualitative properties of safflower oil were notably influenced by sulfur application, with treatment S50 proving to be the most effective in enhancing these properties.
PubMed: 38633892
DOI: 10.5114/bta.2024.135640 -
Journal of Animal Science and Technology Mar 2024Glyconutrients help in the body's cell communication. Glyconutrients and synbiotics are promising options for improving immune function. Therefore, we hypothesized that...
Glyconutrients help in the body's cell communication. Glyconutrients and synbiotics are promising options for improving immune function. Therefore, we hypothesized that combining synbiotics and glyconutrients will enhance pig nutrient utilization. 150 pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc), initially weighing 58.85 ± 3.30 kg of live body weight (BW) were utilized to determine the effects of synbiotics-glyconutrients (SGN) on the pigs' performance, feed efficiency, gas emission, pork traits, and composition of fatty acids. The pigs were matched by BW and sex and chosen at random to 1 of 3 diet treatments: control = Basal diet; TRT1 = Basal diet + SGN 0.15%; TRT2 = Basal diet + SGN 0.30%%. The trials were conducted in two phases (weeks 1-5 and weeks 5-10). The average daily gain was increased in pigs fed a basal diet with SGN ( = 0.036) in weeks 5-10. However, the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy did not differ among the treatments ( > 0.05). Dietary treatments had no effect on NH, HS, methyl mercaptans, acetic acids, and CO emissions ( > 0.05). Improvement in drip loss on day 7 ( = 0.053) and tendency in the cooking loss were observed ( = 0.070) in a group fed basal diets and SGN at 0.30% inclusion level. The group supplemented with 0.30% of SGN had higher levels of palmitoleic acid (C16:1), margaric acid (C17:0), omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, and ω-6: ω-3 ratio ( = 0.034, 0.020, 0.025, 0.007, and 0.003, respectively) in the fat of finishing pigs. Furthermore, group supplemented with 0.30% of SGN improved margaric acid (C17:0), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), arachidic acid (C20:0), omega 6 fatty acid, omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, unsaturated fatty acid, and monounsaturated fatty acid (p = 0.037, 0.05, 0.0142, 0.036, 0.033, 0.020, and 0.045, respectively) in the lean tissues of finishing pigs compared to pigs fed with the control diets. In conclusion, the combination of probiotics, prebiotics, and glyconutrients led to higher average daily gain, improved the quality of pork, and more favorable fatty acid composition. Therefore, these results contributed to a better understanding of the potential of SGN combinations as a feed additive for pigs.
PubMed: 38628678
DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e52 -
BMC Public Health Apr 2024Age-related cognitive decline has a significant impact on the health and longevity of older adults. Circulating very long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLSFAs) may...
BACKGROUND
Age-related cognitive decline has a significant impact on the health and longevity of older adults. Circulating very long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLSFAs) may actively contribute to the improvement of cognitive function. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between arachidic acid (20:0), docosanoic acid (22:0), tricosanoic acid (23:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0) with cognitive function in older adults.
METHODS
This study used a dataset derived from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A total of 806 adults (≥ 60 years) were included who underwent comprehensive cognitive testing and plasma fatty acid measurements. Multivariable linear regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and interaction analyses were used to assess associations between VLSFAs and cognitive function. Partial Spearman' s correlation analysis was used to examine the correlations between VLSFAs and palmitic acid (16:0), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, systemic inflammatory markers, and dietary nutrients.
RESULTS
Multivariable linear regression analysis, adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical conditions, and lifestyle factors, showed that 22:0 and 24:0 levels were positively associated with better global cognitive function (β = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01, 0.73; β = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.29, 1.2, respectively) as well as better CEARD-DR Z-score (β = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.36, 1.3 and β = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.63, 1.8, respectively). RCS analysis showed linear associations between higher 22:0 and 24:0 levels and better cognitive performance in both global cognitive function and CERAD-DR tests.
CONCLUSIONS
The study suggests that higher levels of 22:0 and 24:0 are associated with better global cognitive function in older adults. 22:0 and 24:0 may be important biomarkers for recognizing cognitive impairment, and supplementation with specific VLSFAs (22:0 and 24:0) may be an important intervention to improve cognitive function. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms between VLSFAs and cognitive function.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Fatty Acids; Triglycerides; Cognition; Cholesterol
PubMed: 38627688
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18478-x