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Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2023In individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), abdominal pathologies rank second in frequency only to pulmonary illnesses. An essential imaging...
INTRODUCTION
In individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), abdominal pathologies rank second in frequency only to pulmonary illnesses. An essential imaging method for assessing abdominal diseases is ultrasonography (USG). In this study, abdominal pathologies in HIV/AIDS patients were evaluated using USG, and their relationship to CD4 count was further examined.
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES
400 HIV+ subjects with aberrant abdominal USG participated in the current investigation. The subjects were assessed and graded as per the CD4 counts. Later the comparisons were drawn between the USG, and its relationship to CD4 count using SPSS 16.0 software, and all data were examined using appropriate statistical tools.
RESULTS
Men were over 60% of the 400 subjects. The average age of these subjects was 35.6 years; the range for this age group was 6 to 63 years. Spleen involvement was found on ultrasonographic examination in 45.1% of subjects, while liver and lymph node involvement was seen in 43.6% of subjects. Substantial correlations between CD4 counts and findings such as periportal & mesenteric lymphadenopathy, localized pancreatic lesion, splenic microabscess, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly were found. One percent of individuals had lymphoma, which affected the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, pancreas, and liver.
CONCLUSION
Present research demonstrates the significance of abdominal ultrasonographic examination in HIV+ patients. CD4 counts have a big impact on how an HIV/AIDS patient's differential diagnosis is determined. The interpretation of USG results in relation to CD4 levels may aid in accurate diagnosis.
PubMed: 37654380
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_461_22 -
Toxicon : Official Journal of the... Sep 2023Anthurium schlechtendalii Kunth is used by the Zoque group in southeastern Mexico for kidney and urinary diseases, but its safety and effectiveness are unproven,... (Review)
Review
Anthurium schlechtendalii Kunth is used by the Zoque group in southeastern Mexico for kidney and urinary diseases, but its safety and effectiveness are unproven, therefore a model of adenine-induced renal failure in rats was performed. The rats were fed with solid and aqueous plant extracts for 4 weeks to study its effects on kidney histological morphology. Kidneys were examined, and statistical analysis was performed. The adenine-containing diet caused renal failure, characterized by crystal deposits, cystic dilatation of tubules, and micro-abscesses. Both extracts caused tubular damage and collagen increase without inflammation. However, when combined with adenine, the extracts showed some protective effects, although cystic dilatation and granulomatous inflammation were observed. The extracts at the tested doses resulted in glomerular and tubular damage, aggravating cystic degeneration, therefore, its indiscriminate use in Humans is not safe. Additionally, the extracts can serve as a model for studying renal damage without crystal deposits.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Rats; Animals; Rats, Wistar; Kidney Diseases; Kidney; Renal Insufficiency; Adenine; Araceae; Inflammation; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 37652102
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107272 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Sep 2023Kimura Disease, an eosinophilic hyperplastic granulomatous disease of idiopathic origin is most commonly seen in young males. It mostly presents with deep subcutaneous...
UNLABELLED
Kimura Disease, an eosinophilic hyperplastic granulomatous disease of idiopathic origin is most commonly seen in young males. It mostly presents with deep subcutaneous tissue swelling along with enlargement of salivary glands and regional lymphadenopathy. Diagnosis is mainly based on histopathological findings and raised serum IgE and hypereosinophilia. The radiological investigation of choice is Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Management strategy includes surgery and steroid therapy. Chemotherapeutic agents are also frequently used by some centres. Relapse and recurrence stands to be a common problem with management of this disease process.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-023-03817-y.
PubMed: 37636657
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03817-y -
Yonago Acta Medica Aug 2023Psoriasis is a common chronical inflammatory skin disease with a prevalence of 2%-4% worldwide. In contrast, porocarcinoma is a relatively rare cutaneous neoplasm and an...
Psoriasis is a common chronical inflammatory skin disease with a prevalence of 2%-4% worldwide. In contrast, porocarcinoma is a relatively rare cutaneous neoplasm and an associated localization of both lesions is rare. Here, we describe the first case of porocarcinoma in a patient with psoriasis. A 71-year-old Japanese man was referred to our clinic for evaluation of nodule within a keratotic plaque of 20-years history on his leg. Histopathological examination showed that the plaque revealed acanthosis with regular elongation of rete ridges, agranulosis and the presence of Munro microabscesses. In contrast, massive proliferation of atypical poroid cells and a few cuticular cells in the dermis were seen in the nodule. We speculated that it is likely the porocarcinoma was caused by the elevated risk of skin cancer due to chronic inflammatory process of psoriasis itself in our patient.
PubMed: 37621981
DOI: 10.33160/yam.2023.08.005 -
Journal of Stomatology, Oral and... Dec 2023Role of neutrophils in shaping the tumor microenvironment is well known in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, neutrophil microabscess (NM) formation within... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
Role of neutrophils in shaping the tumor microenvironment is well known in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, neutrophil microabscess (NM) formation within the tumor islands is distinctive phenomenon and has never been investigated in the literature. This pilot observational study identifies the incidence of NM in OSCC and its clinicopathologic correlation as a platform for the future studies.
METHODOLOGY
A retrospective study was carried out on archival specimens of 121 cases of surgically excised OSCC specimens for identification of NM formations within the tumor islands using compound microscope. Mean NM density was calculated based on the quantification done at five randomly selected hotspots.
RESULTS
Out of total 121 cases of OSCC, thirteen (10.74%) cases showed a frank evidence of NM within tumor islands. The hotspot analysis showed that the NM density ranges from 2 to 7 with mean of 3.76 ± 1.39 per high power field. NM density was higher in moderately differentiated OSCC (3.76 ± 1.93) than well differentiated (3.76 ± 1.93) however the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.165). Similarly, higher NM density was reported in advanced T stage, lymph node involvement, advanced TNM stage and lymphovascular invasion, however, the results were statistically insignificant.
CONCLUSION
There is evidence of NM formation in the tumor islands of OSCC, however their exact role as a prognosticator needs further exploration with large sample size and follow-up data.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Neutrophils; Retrospective Studies; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37619671
DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101609 -
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery Aug 2023Weighing the perioperative risk of elective sigmoidectomy is done regardless of the specific diverticulitis classification. The aim of this study is to evaluate surgical...
OBJECTIVE
Weighing the perioperative risk of elective sigmoidectomy is done regardless of the specific diverticulitis classification. The aim of this study is to evaluate surgical outcomes according to the classification grade and the indication.
METHODS
All patients who underwent elective colonic resection for diverticulitis during the ten-year study period were included. They were divided into two groups: relative surgery indication (RSI) and absolute surgery indication (ASI). RSI included microabscess and recurrent uncomplicated disease. ASI included macroabscess and recurrent complicated disease. Propensity score-matching (PSM, 1:1) was performed.
RESULTS
585 patients fulfilled criteria for RSI and 318 patients fulfilled criteria for ASI. In the univariate analysis, RSI patients were younger (62 vs. 67.7 years, p < 0.001), had a higher physical status (ASA score 1 or 2 in 80.7% vs. 60.8%, p < 0.001), were less immunosuppressed (3.4% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.021) and suffered less often from coronary heart disease (3.8% vs. 7.2%, p = 0.025). After PSM, 318 RSI vs. 318 ASI patients were selected; baseline characteristics results were comparable. The proportion of planned laparoscopic resection was 93% in RSI versus 75% in ASI (p < 0.001), and the conversion rate to open surgery for laparoscopic resection was 5.0% and 13.8% in RSI versus ASI, respectively (p < 0.001). Major morbidity (Clavien/Dindo ≥ IIIb) occurred less frequently in RSI (3.77% vs. 10%, p = 0.003). A defunctioning stoma was formed in 0.9% and 11.0% in RSI vs ASI, respectively (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The lower risk for postoperative morbidity, the higher chance for a laparoscopic resection and the decreased rate of stoma formation are attributed to patients with recurrent uncomplicated diverticulitis or diverticulitis including a microabscess as compared to patients with complicated diverticulitis or diverticulitis and a macroabscess, and this applies even after PSM.
Topics: Humans; Cohort Studies; Diverticulitis, Colonic; Propensity Score; Diverticulitis; Colon, Sigmoid; Laparoscopy; Elective Surgical Procedures; Abscess; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37535118
DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-03034-9 -
Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine Jun 2023Clinical and histopathologic observations have indicated that psoriasis is not rare in our population as previously thought. The initial rarity also led to paucity of...
BACKGROUND
Clinical and histopathologic observations have indicated that psoriasis is not rare in our population as previously thought. The initial rarity also led to paucity of studies on the disorder including histopathologic features in our practice setting. To date, there is no report on the histopathologic features of psoriasis indigenous to our practice environment.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the frequency of occurrence of the various histopathologic features of psoriasis in patients from this environment and identify any peculiarities that exist in black African patients.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed clinically with psoriasis at the University College Hospital, Ibadan between January 2015 and October 2016. After baseline sociodemographic data, all patients had baseline clinical examination and were offered skin biopsy after obtaining informed consent. The biopsy specimen was examined for histopathologic features of psoriasis after routine processing and staining using a pretested proforma with the frequencies of each diagnostic feature reported in percentages.
RESULTS
Forty-four patients with plaque psoriasis were analyzed. The mean age of the patients studied was 39.84 ± 20.97 years with a male to female ratio of which was almost equal. The most consistent epidermal changes in decreasing other of frequency were acanthosis, hypogranulosis, hyperkeratosis followed by elongation of rete ridges while dermal features were dermal infiltration by inflammatory cells, and dilatation of superficial dermal vessels. Munro's microabscesses were found in less than half of the patients biopsied. Some of the patients were found to have atypical changes.
CONCLUSION
Histopathological features of psoriasis in the study is similar to what has been previously established universally but typical features such as Munro's micro abscesses and Kogoj's spongiform pustules are less frequently seen than expected. Atypical changes such as dermal melanophages and periadnexal infiltration by inflammatory cells may also be seen.
PubMed: 37528824
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Education & Teaching in... Jan 2023Small bowel diverticulitis is an uncommon subset of acute diverticulitis and can mimic many other intra-abdominal processes. As a result, imaging modalities such as...
UNLABELLED
Small bowel diverticulitis is an uncommon subset of acute diverticulitis and can mimic many other intra-abdominal processes. As a result, imaging modalities such as ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan are especially important for timely recognition of diverticulitis and can expedite diagnosis and treatment and reduce complications. In the case described in this report, an 81-year-old male with history of esophageal cancer and recurrent diverticulitis with history of multiple bowel resections presented to the emergency department (ED) with right lower quadrant abdominal pain and constipation. Findings on ultrasound were suggestive of diverticulitis, and findings on CT of the abdomen and pelvis showed ileitis with phlegmon and micro-abscess suspicious for small bowel diverticulitis. ED providers should familiarize themselves with ultrasound findings of diverticulitis and be aware that diverticulitis can also present in the small bowel. Treatment of small bowel diverticulitis is similar to colonic diverticulitis.
TOPICS
Ileitis, small bowel diverticulitis, abdominal ultrasound.
PubMed: 37465035
DOI: 10.21980/J8F078 -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2023We present the case of a 37-year-old male diagnosed with Mycosis fungoides (MF) after gradually developing multiple skin tags and brownish lichenoid papules. The patient...
We present the case of a 37-year-old male diagnosed with Mycosis fungoides (MF) after gradually developing multiple skin tags and brownish lichenoid papules. The patient had pre-existing erythema over his entire body, especially his face, upper extremities, and trunk, for over 1.5 years. Microscopic examination of the papule and the skin tag (ST) exhibited similar features mainly characterized by superficial dense band-like lymphoid infiltrates and epidermotropism of atypical lymphocytes (Pautrier's micro-abscesses). Immunohistochemistry further revealed the lymphoid infiltrates predominantly expressed LCA, CD3, CD4, and CD45RO but lacked CD7, CD8, CD30, CD20, and CD79a. The finding of this study that reports MF characterized by unusual STs suggests that some causes and effects have not been previously described in MF.
PubMed: 37441694
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S411041 -
Veterinary Immunology and... Jul 2023Ovine brucellosis is an infectious disease that causes alterations in the reproductive tract in ram and abortion in ewes. Their negative economic impact in ovine...
Ovine brucellosis is an infectious disease that causes alterations in the reproductive tract in ram and abortion in ewes. Their negative economic impact in ovine production warrants a thorough understanding the interactions between B. ovis and the host. Here, epididymis lesions of rams infected by B. ovis were histopathologically staged into early and advanced. Expression by immunohistochemistry of Brucella antigens, inflammatory cell markers (CD3, CD79αcy) and cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β1) was assessed in both stages. Early lesions were characterized by epithelial changes, interstitial inflammation, and mild fibrosis; whereas advanced lesions displayed caseous granulomas containing numerous macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Expression of Brucella antigens were observed in both stages. The cellular response in B. ovis lesions were predominantly of T-cells (CD3+) whereas low numbers of B-cells and plasma cells (CD79αcy+) were present in both early and advanced lesions. IFN-γ was expressed by lymphocytes in early lesions suggesting that the adaptive immune response against B. ovis is initiated by Th1 cells, this response was also preserved in advanced stages. Expression of TNF-α was observed in neutrophils of epithelial microabscesses and intraepithelial T-cells of early lesions suggesting a promotion of neutrophil phagocytosis triggered by TNF-α. On the other hand, advanced lesions showed a reduction of TNF-α expression which may permit B. ovis persistence in granulomas. Lastly, TGF-β1 expression (fibroblast, macrophages and less in lymphocytes) were increased with time, suggesting that B. ovis promotes TGF-β1 secretion promoting chronicity of the lesions.
Topics: Sheep; Animals; Male; Female; Epididymis; Brucella ovis; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Sheep Diseases; Brucellosis; Sheep, Domestic
PubMed: 37348444
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110621