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BMJ Case Reports May 2024Urogenital myiasis is a rare entity that is usually manifested in women belonging to lower socioeconomic status residing in tropical or subtropical nations with poor...
Urogenital myiasis is a rare entity that is usually manifested in women belonging to lower socioeconomic status residing in tropical or subtropical nations with poor hygiene or intellectual disability. It is caused by fly larvae capable of penetrating body orifices and healthy or necrotic tissue. The larvae penetrate the skin, forming painful, inflammatory nodules that can form fistula to the internal organs or the skin's surface. Serous and haemorrhagic exudation, along with crawling larvae, are encountered. Some complications, such as secondary infection and tetanus, have been documented. The prognosis is generally good, and treatment consists of removing the parasitic larvae and thoroughly cleansing the affected area.We present a case of a postmenopausal woman with parity 3 and live issue 1 in her early 50s from lower socioeconomic status diagnosed with uterovaginal prolapse complicated by myiasis. The patient was managed successfully with systemic antibiotics, manual removal of myiasis and hysterectomy.
Topics: Humans; Female; Myiasis; Uterine Prolapse; Middle Aged; Hysterectomy; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Animals
PubMed: 38782421
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-259333 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2024Ophthalmomyiasis is the result of fly larvae feeding on the tissues of the eye. Commonly associated with poor hygiene and open wounds, this condition is rare and often...
Ophthalmomyiasis is the result of fly larvae feeding on the tissues of the eye. Commonly associated with poor hygiene and open wounds, this condition is rare and often stigmatized. Treatment can be straightforward, and full recovery is common. Identifying the species responsible for ophthalmomyiasis is important for the medical, forensic, and entomological communities. Here, we present a case of ophthalmomyiasis where 30-40 blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae were removed from the eye of a human male. A representative subsample of five larvae was used for taxonomic identification via two approaches (a) DNA analysis, via sequencing of the complete mitochondrial genome (mtGenome) and comparison of the mtGenome and mitochondrial barcode region to GenBank, and (b) morphology, examination of the posterior spiracles using microscopy, and comparison to published larval descriptions of blow flies. Two species of blow flies were identified from the DNA analysis: and . Morphological examination could only confirm as being present. To our knowledge, finding two blow fly species causing ophthalmomyiasis in a single individual has not been previously reported in the scientific literature. Neither nor prefers living tissue for larva development, but since they fill similar ecological niches, perhaps this was a show of competition rather than a normal feeding habit. Knowing these blow fly species can resort to this behavior, and that it can affect human populations, is valuable to the education of patients and providers.
Topics: Animals; Calliphoridae; Male; Humans; Larva; Myiasis; North America; Phylogeny; Diptera; Genome, Mitochondrial
PubMed: 38774420
DOI: 10.1155/2024/2209301 -
Veterinary Parasitology, Regional... Jun 2024Nasopharyngeal myiasis caused by the camel nasal bot, Cephalopina titillator, is very common in old world camelids and is usually found at necropsy or during meat...
Nasopharyngeal myiasis caused by the camel nasal bot, Cephalopina titillator, is very common in old world camelids and is usually found at necropsy or during meat inspection. Herein we report massive infection with C. titillator in a 9 years old female one-humped camel slaughtered on February 18, 2024 in the village of Kizil Uy, Nukus District, Republic of Karakalpakstan, northwestern Uzbekistan. A total of 69 larvae: 20 first stage larva (28.9%), 31 second stage larva (44.9%), and 18 third stage larva (26.0%) were detected in the nasal passages and pharynx of the camel. Morphological and morphometrical characters of all larval stages are illustrated and detailed in this article. To our knowledge this is the first record of camel nasal bot infestation in Uzbekistan. Future epidemiological studies are needed to shed light on the prevalence, seasonal fluctuation, clinical impact and economic burden of nasopharyngeal myiasis in dromedary camels of the country.
Topics: Animals; Myiasis; Uzbekistan; Female; Camelus; Larva; Diptera; Nasopharynx; Nasopharyngeal Diseases
PubMed: 38772645
DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101029 -
Journal of Travel Medicine May 2024
PubMed: 38753878
DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taae070 -
Animal Welfare (South Mimms, England) 2024Tail docking is a husbandry practice widely incorporated in sheep farms around the world. It is an irreversible mutilation that impairs animal welfare, both immediately...
Tail docking is a husbandry practice widely incorporated in sheep farms around the world. It is an irreversible mutilation that impairs animal welfare, both immediately and in the longer term. The defence of tail docking as a practice is centred around the perception that doing so contributes to the promotion of local hygiene, allowing the use of the wool, facilitating reproductive management and reducing the chances of myiasis, a disease caused by the invasion of blowfly larvae in the tissues of warm-blooded animals. However, current understanding of farm animal welfare questions the need to maintain practices such as tail docking. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tail docking on the incidence of myiasis in sheep in an experimental flock in Brazil during a six-year retrospective cohort study. Relative risk, odds ratio and incidence rate ratio were the association measures adopted. A total of 4,318 data-points were collected and supplied the analytical model. Tail docking did not decrease the risk and, on the contrary, was found to increase the chances of sheep being affected by myiasis. The results support the hypothesis that tail docking is not a protective factor against the occurrence of myiasis and further fuel calls for a rethink of tail docking being deployed as a blanket measure in the prevention of myiasis in sheep.
PubMed: 38751799
DOI: 10.1017/awf.2024.21 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Apr 2024Nasopharyngeal myiasis in European roe deer is a pathological condition caused by the larval stages of , a fly from the Oestridae family. These larvae reside in the...
Nasopharyngeal myiasis in European roe deer is a pathological condition caused by the larval stages of , a fly from the Oestridae family. These larvae reside in the host's upper respiratory tract for months, inducing significant tissue damage and clinical symptoms. The lifecycle of is complex, involving three larval stages before maturation into adult flies, with each stage contributing to the progressive pathology observed in the host. Despite their prevalence, the histopathological effects of these larvae in the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities have been understudied. Our study fills this knowledge gap by providing a detailed histopathological analysis of the affected tissues, using various staining techniques to reveal the extent and nature of the damage caused by these parasitic larvae. This histopathological examination reveals significant alterations within the nasopharyngeal mucosa and nasal cavity, including erythematous changes, mucosal metaplasia, fibrosis, and tissue necrosis. Parasitic cysts and eosinophilic infiltration further characterize the impact of the infestation, compromising not only the mucosal integrity but also potentially the olfactory function of the affected animals. This research is crucial for understanding the impact of myiasis on both the health and olfactory capabilities of roe deer populations and could have significant implications for wildlife management and conservation.
PubMed: 38731301
DOI: 10.3390/ani14091297 -
Medicina Clinica May 2024
PubMed: 38714469
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2024.01.050 -
IDCases 2024•Tracheostomy wound myiasis is rarely observed in unconscious and immobile patients.•Maggots in the vicinity of the tracheostomy site should be closely...
•Tracheostomy wound myiasis is rarely observed in unconscious and immobile patients.•Maggots in the vicinity of the tracheostomy site should be closely monitored.•Controlling myiasis in hospitals requires fly control and patient fluid management.
PubMed: 38681076
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01969 -
Genes Apr 2024The Australian sheep blowfly, , is a major sheep ectoparasite causing subcutaneous myiasis (flystrike), which can lead to reduced livestock productivity and, in severe...
The Australian sheep blowfly, , is a major sheep ectoparasite causing subcutaneous myiasis (flystrike), which can lead to reduced livestock productivity and, in severe instances, death of the affected animals. It is also a primary colonizer of carrion, an efficient pollinator, and used in maggot debridement therapy and forensic investigations. In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of from the Northern Territory (NT), Australia, where sheep are prohibited animals, unlike the rest of Australia. The mt genome is 15,943 bp in length, comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and a non-coding control region. The gene order of the current mt genome is consistent with the previously published mt genomes. Nucleotide composition revealed an AT bias, accounting for 77.5% of total mt genome nucleotides. Phylogenetic analyses of 56 species/taxa of dipterans indicated that and are the closest among all sibling species of the genus , which helps to explain species evolution within the family Luciliinae. This study provides the first complete mt genome sequence for derived from the NT, Australia to facilitate species identification and the examination of the evolutionary history of these blowflies.
Topics: Animals; Genome, Mitochondrial; Calliphoridae; Phylogeny; Northern Territory; Myiasis; RNA, Transfer; RNA, Ribosomal; Diptera; Sheep
PubMed: 38674440
DOI: 10.3390/genes15040506 -
Veterinary Research Communications Apr 2024Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an emergent neglected disease affecting human and animals in Egypt with a wide distribution and incidence. This study aimed to evaluate the...
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an emergent neglected disease affecting human and animals in Egypt with a wide distribution and incidence. This study aimed to evaluate the use of a polyclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA in the detection of Echinococcus granulosus antigen in human and camel sera. Hydatid cyst protoscoleces antigen (PsAg) was isolated from hydatid cysts collected from naturally infected camel livers and lungs. PsAg was used for immunization of rabbits to raise IgG polyclonal antibodies (IgG PsAb). IgG PsAb were then precipitated, purified using Protein-A Sepharose gel and labeled with horseradish peroxidase enzyme. We assayed the purity of the IgG PsAb, and the two prepared E. granulosus antigens CPsAg from camel cysts and HPsAg from human cysts by Sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The resulted protein bands of the prepared CPsAg appeared at different molecular weights: 180, 90, 68, 54, 42 and 22 kDa while, HPsAg shared with it in 4 common bands at 68, 54, 42, and 22 kDa. The purified IgG PsAb had been resolved at two bands at 52 kDa and at 32 kDa. Sandwich ELISA were performed for the detection of circulating E. granulosus antigens in sera of human (n = 183) and camels (n = 190). The purified IgG PsAb showed strong reactivity against E. granulosus infected human and camel samples and no cross reactivity neither with free-healthy negative sera nor with others parasitic diseases (Schistosomiasis, Fascioliasis, Toxoplasmosis, Ancylostomiasis for human samples and Fascioliasis, ticks' infestation, Eimeriosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Nasal myiasis, Toxoplasmosis for camel samples). The sensitivity of the assay was 98.25% (56/57) and 96.9% (31/32) against human and camel samples, respectively. Specificity was 100% in both human and camel samples. Sandwich ELISA detected CE in 33.3% (24/72) and 55.6% (50/90) random human and camel samples, respectively. Indirect ELISA, using CPsAg, was used for detection of antibodies in positive human and camels' sera and detected 96.5% (55/57) and 93.8% (30/32) of human and camel samples, respectively. In our study, Genomic DNA was extracted from protoscoleces fluid of human liver hydatid cysts to identify the Echinococcus sp. isolate based on NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NAD1) gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the isolate (GenBank: OP785689.1) were identified as E. granulosus sensu lato genotype. In conclusion, Sandwich ELISA technique was found to be a potent and sensitive assay for detection of hydatid antigen in both human and camel samples.
PubMed: 38664356
DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10375-3