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World Neurosurgery Jun 2024Postoperative complications, exemplified by surgical site infections, are commonplace in the realm of daily surgical interventions. Conversely, certain infectious... (Review)
Review
Postoperative complications, exemplified by surgical site infections, are commonplace in the realm of daily surgical interventions. Conversely, certain infectious entities, such as cerebral myiasis (CM), are distinctly rare. This report elucidates the clinical presentation of a 74-year-old female afflicted with a CSF fistula, within the context of a preceding surgical microvascular decompression employing a suboccipital craniotomy approach. Notably, the course of evaluation and treatment unveiled an intraoperative manifestation of severe CM. This case report underscores the critical significance of prompt identification, precise diagnostic elucidation, and comprehensive multidisciplinary management to optimize patient outcomes in instances of CM. Furthermore, a systematic literature review on CM supplements this report, contributing to the understanding of this infrequent complication.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Myiasis; Craniotomy; Microvascular Decompression Surgery
PubMed: 38503402
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.03.044 -
Pathology Feb 2024
PubMed: 38471986
DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.12.416 -
Veterinary Parasitology, Regional... Apr 2024Flystrike remains an important animal health issue on New Zealand sheep farms. To date no useful predictive tool to assist farmers to develop control options has been...
Flystrike remains an important animal health issue on New Zealand sheep farms. To date no useful predictive tool to assist farmers to develop control options has been available. The aim of this study was to use National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) virtual climate station data in New Zealand to develop a weather-based model to accurately predict the presence of Lucilia spp. on sheep farms throughout New Zealand. Three LuciTrap® baited fly traps were positioned on each of eight sheep farms throughout New Zealand (5 in the North Island and 3 in the South Island). The traps were put out for both the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 seasons. They were emptied each week and the flies morphologically identified; with the counts of Lucilia cuprina and L. sericata combined as Lucilia spp. The count data for Lucilia spp. for each week of trapping was transformed into a binary outcome and a generalised linear mixed effects models fitted to the data, with farm as a random effect. The dependent variable was Lucilia spp. flies caught, yes or no, and the independent variables were mean weekly climate variables from the nearest NIWA virtual climate station to that farm. The model was trained on the 2018-2019 catch data and tested on the 2019-2020 catch data. A cut point was identified which maximised the model's ability to correctly predict whether Lucilia spp. were present or not for the 2019-2020 catch data, and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) of the model calculated. The final model included just 3 significant variables, mean weekly 10 cm soil temperature, mean weekly soil moisture index, and mean weekly wind speed at 10 m. Mean weekly 10 cm soil temperature accounted for 64.7% of the variance explained by the model, mean weekly soil moisture index 34.7% and mean weekly wind speed at 10 m only 0.6%. The results showed that the predictive model had a sensitivity of 0.93 (95% CI = 0.80-0.98) and a specificity of 0.75 (95% CI = 0.62-0.85), using a cut point for the probability of Lucilia spp. being present on farm = 0.383. This model provides New Zealand farmers with a tool which will allow them to know when Lucilia spp. flies will likely be present and thus more accurately plan their interventions to prevent flystrike.
Topics: Animals; Sheep; Farms; New Zealand; Weather; Diptera; Myiasis; Calliphoridae; Soil
PubMed: 38462306
DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101005 -
Journal Francais D'ophtalmologie Apr 2024
Topics: Animals; Humans; Eye Infections, Parasitic; Eyelids; Larva; Myiasis
PubMed: 38457902
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2024.104109 -
Australian Journal of General Practice Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Cellulitis; Myiasis
PubMed: 38437658
DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-03-23-6773 -
Parasites & Vectors Mar 2024In Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, a region with a subtropical climate, Rhipicephalus microplus is present in taurine cattle raised for beef and milk. In addition, ticks...
BACKGROUND
In Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, a region with a subtropical climate, Rhipicephalus microplus is present in taurine cattle raised for beef and milk. In addition, ticks resistant to multiple acaricides are present in this region. Recently, fluralaner (isoxazoline) was launched on the market. Thus, there is a need to evaluate the effects of fluralaner for the control of R. microplus on taurine cattle. In addition, occurrence of myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae after tick parasitism and weight gain of cattle during the experimental period were evaluated.
METHODS
Thirty naturally infested cattle were divided into two experimental groups: T01, treated with fluralaner (2.5 mg/kg) pour-on; T02, control. T01 received fluralaner on Days 0 (early summer in January), 42 and 84 (early autumn), whereas T02, a control group, received palliative treatment with a spray formulation when the group mean was ≥ 30 ticks. Counts of R. microplus females and calculation of the efficacy of fluralaner were performed on Days 3, 7, 14, 28, 35, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112 and 126. The occurrence of myiasis was assessed throughout the study period. In addition, the weight, weight gain and daily weight gain of the animals were evaluated.
RESULTS
In the 12 evaluations performed, the parasitic load of T01 was near zero. Fluralaner showed 99.5% efficacy on the 3rd day after the first treatment and 100% efficacy from Day 7 to Day 126. Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae (n = 6; p = 0.0251) were found only in the control group (T02). At the end of the study, the animals subjected to treatments with fluralaner gained 32.8 kg more than the animals in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Application of fluralaner in summer and autumn, with 42-day intervals between treatments, was effective to control R. microplus on taurine cattle, which also gained more weight than control cattle. Additionally, no cases of myasis were documented in animals treated with fluralaner.
Topics: Female; Cattle; Animals; Rhipicephalus; Tick Infestations; Myiasis; Larva; Calliphoridae; Weight Gain; Cattle Diseases; Isoxazoles
PubMed: 38429835
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06200-0 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Myiasis; Costa Rica; Diptera; Animals; Male; Travel; Larva
PubMed: 38428455
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.02.021 -
International Journal For Parasitology.... Apr 2024Endangered Przewalski's horses have faced severe infections from (Diptera, Gastrophilidae) in Xinjiang's Kalamaili Nature Reserve (KNR). This study examines 's...
Endangered Przewalski's horses have faced severe infections from (Diptera, Gastrophilidae) in Xinjiang's Kalamaili Nature Reserve (KNR). This study examines 's development and infection patterns in embryonic and larval stages, crucial for understanding horse botfly disease in desert grasslands. For the incubation of fertilized eggs, we established the six distinct temperature gradients: 16 °C, 20 °C, 24 °C, 28 °C, 30 °C, and 32 °C. Using the least squares method, we calculated the correlation between the developmental threshold temperature of the eggs and their cumulative effective temperature. Furthermore, we meticulously recorded the survival duration of the larvae across a spectrum of temperature gradients (-20 °C, -10 °C, 4 °C, 10 °C, 20 °C, and 30 °C) and under varying conditions (dark and light). This method allows us to analyze and interpret the impact of these environmental factors on larval survival durations. 1) The formula for predicting the embryonic development period of was N = (182.7 ± 12.03)/[T-(3.191 ± 1.48)], where the developmental threshold temperature was 3.191 ± 1.48 °C, and the effective accumulated temperature was 182.7 ± 12.03 d°C 2) The model describing the relationship between the embryonic development rate and temperature was: y = 0.0001x+0.0007x+0.0378, demonstrating a positive correlation between the development rate and temperature (R-sq = 0.989, p < 0.001). 3) Larvae in the dark group exhibited a longer survival time, with the longest being 9 months at 4 °C. The adaptation of 's embryonic development to cold temperature, combined with the extended survival period of larvae in the egg state, significantly increases the infection potential of in colder climates. This discovery offers essential insights into the predominance of in the KNR region and provides a crucial biological basis for the prevention of myiasis and the conservation of vulnerable species, such as Przewalski's horses.
PubMed: 38419737
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100917 -
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences... Jan 2024<b>Background and Objective:</b> <i>Chrysomya albiceps</i> is widely spread worldwide, causing myiasis in both humans and animals and playing a...
<b>Background and Objective:</b> <i>Chrysomya albiceps</i> is widely spread worldwide, causing myiasis in both humans and animals and playing a mechanical role in the spreading of helminths, viruses and bacteria. Searching for new and safe alternative control methods is very important to eliminate the transmission of pathogens. This study aims to determine the oviposition-deterrent activity of <i>Juniperus procera</i>, <i>Artemisia absinthium</i>, <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> and <i>Hypoestes forskaolii</i> wild plants against adult <i>Chrysomya albiceps</i>. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The effect of plant extracts from <i>Juniperus procera</i>, <i>Artemisia absinthium</i>, <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> and <i>Hypoestes forskaolii</i> plants were tested against adult females of <i>Chrysomya albiceps</i> for oviposition deterrent or repellency. These extracts resulted in oviposition deterrent efficacy for adult females of <i>C. albiceps</i> based on the plant type, plant part (leaves or stems), extract type (methanol, acetone and petroleum ether) and tested dose. <b>Results:</b> The highest anti-oviposition activity against <i>C. albiceps</i> females presented from <i>A. absinthium</i> stems acetone extract at a dose of 1 mg cm<sup>2</sup> by 100 %, while at 0.5 mg cm<sup>2</sup> recorded remarkable repellency by 86.7% as compared with the control treatment. According to the dose-response relationship, <i>A. absinthium</i> methanol and acetone extracts were ED<sub>50</sub> values of 0.85, 0.319 mg cm<sup>2</sup> (leaves) and 1.88, 0.576 mg cm<sup>2</sup> (stems), followed by <i>J. procera</i> methanol extract by 0.983 mg cm<sup>2</sup> (leaves) and 0.98 mg cm<sup>2</sup> (stems), respectively achieved highest oviposition deterrent efficiency as compared with other extracts. <b>Conclusion:</b> The high repellency activities of these extracts can be utilized to stop <i>C. albiceps</i> flies from laying eggs on wounds and transmitting myiasis diseases to humans and animals and could potentially replace pesticides used in the future control programs of flies.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Female; Oviposition; Plant Extracts; Methanol; Acetone; Diptera; Insect Repellents; Myiasis; Dental Porcelain; Titanium; Metal Ceramic Alloys
PubMed: 38413393
DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.8.17 -
Microorganisms Jan 2024The "beautiful viviparous fly", , may have a magnificent appearance due to its striking morphology; however, it is a potentially deadly agent of obligate traumatic...
The "beautiful viviparous fly", , may have a magnificent appearance due to its striking morphology; however, it is a potentially deadly agent of obligate traumatic myiasis in humans and animals, with a serious impact on welfare and economics. The fly is found across the Palearctic realm, including the Western Balkan region, with reports from former Yugoslavian countries from the first half of the 20th century. In this paper, a recent case of wohlfahrtiosis recorded in Northern Serbia is evidenced using morphological and molecular techniques. Larvae were collected from two adult sheep with severe hoof myiasis and two young sheep with genital and interdigital myiasis. Morphological identification was performed for adults bred from the infested vulva and third-stage larvae (L) collected from the hoof wounds, supported with barcoding sequences of the COI gene obtained from larval pairs from the hoof wounds of older and the genitalia of younger sheep. was identified according to the appearance of male fly terminalia and the morphology of L, which was confirmed after the comparison of representative sequences of the COI gene (deposited in GenBank™ under accession numbers MT027108-MT027114) to those available in GenBank™. This finding represents the first reported case of wohlfahrtiosis in the Western Balkans in 80 years, highlighting the need to re-inform relevant stakeholders to achieve adequate disease control.
PubMed: 38399639
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020233