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The Journal of General Virology Nov 2023is a thermo-tolerant, ubiquitous fungus commonly found in food products, indoor environments, soil and clinical samples. It is a well-known biocontrol agent used...
is a thermo-tolerant, ubiquitous fungus commonly found in food products, indoor environments, soil and clinical samples. It is a well-known biocontrol agent used against phytopathogenic fungi and its metabolites have many industrial applications. Rare reports of related human infections have been found in the medical literature. In this study, we report for the first time the infection of isolated from a soil sample collected in a rice field with a double-stranded RNA virus, Paeciliomyces variotii partitivirus 1 (PvPV-1) in the family harboured icosahedral virus particles 30 nm in diameter with two dsRNA segments 1758 and 1356 bp long. Both dsRNA1 and dsRNA2 have a single open reading frame encoding proteins of 63 and 40 kDa, respectively. These proteins have significant similarity to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and capsid protein encoded by the genomic segments of several viruses from the family . Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PvPV-1 belongs to the family but in an unclassified group/genus, tentatively nominated Zetapartitivirus. PvPV-1 was found to increase the growth rate of the host fungus, as indicated by time course experiments performed on a range of different media for virus-infected and virus-free isogenic lines. Further, dual-culture assays performed for both isogenic lines confirmed the antagonistic potential of against other phytopathogenic fungi. The findings of this study assist us in understanding as a potential biocontrol agent, together with plant-fungus-virus interactions.
Topics: Humans; Phylogeny; Byssochlamys; Capsid Proteins; Soil
PubMed: 38015047
DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001925 -
Marine Drugs Nov 2023A systematic investigation combined with a Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) molecular networking approach, was conducted on the metabolites of the deep-sea-derived...
A systematic investigation combined with a Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) molecular networking approach, was conducted on the metabolites of the deep-sea-derived fungus W7, leading to the isolation of three new fusaric acid derivatives, hepialiamides A-C (-) and one novel hybrid polyketide hepialide (), together with 18 known miscellaneous compounds (-). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated through detailed spectroscopic analysis. as well as TD-DFT-based ECD calculation. All isolates were tested for anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Under a concentration of 1 µM, compounds , , , , and showed potent inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 microglia cells, with inhibition rates of 34.2%, 30.7%, 32.9%, 38.6%, and 58.2%, respectively. Of particularly note is compound which exhibited the most remarkable inhibitory activity, with an IC value of 426.2 nM.
Topics: Fusaric Acid; Macrophages; Paecilomyces; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 37999419
DOI: 10.3390/md21110596 -
Poultry Science Jan 2024Fungi are pathogens that infect all types of poultry and farmers, leading to economic losses in poultry production. Fungi can be isolated from environmental samples and...
Fungi are pathogens that infect all types of poultry and farmers, leading to economic losses in poultry production. Fungi can be isolated from environmental samples and are ubiquitous in the air. This study aimed to evaluate fungal contamination in domestic duck farm environments and analyze biosecurity risk factors associated with fungal infection incidence to assess the vulnerability of the farms to fungal infection. The average fungal concentration was 203 colony-forming units (CFU)/m in the air and 365 × 10 CFU/m in the wall surface samples. Sixteen fungal genera were recovered from air and wall surface samples from 19 duck-breeding farms, Aspergillus being the most frequently isolated (air: 43.2%; wall surface: 40%). Eleven additional fungal genera (Acrophialophora, Byssochlamys, Fusarium, Lichtheimia, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Polycephalomyces, Rhizomucor, Scopulariopsis, Talaromyces, and Thermoascus) were isolated from air samples. Also, 8 additional fungal genera (Chaetomium, Lichtheimia, Penicillium, Petriella, Rhizomucor, Rhizopus, Talaromyces, and Trichosporon) were isolated from wall surface samples. The characteristics of the poultry farms (geographic region, stocking density, breeding house type, affiliate, duck age, and season) and fungal concentrations in the air and wall surface samples were analyzed to evaluate the biosecurity risk of the farms. Fungal infections were significantly affected by high stocking density (>2 ducks/m), duck age (18-25 wk and >60 wk), and high fungal concentration in the wall surface samples (>300 × 10 CFU/m).
Topics: Animals; Ducks; Farms; Biosecurity; Chickens; Plant Breeding; Poultry; Mycoses; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37925771
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103197 -
Veterinary Research Forum : An... 2023The different microorganisms that make up the normal microbiota of birds can be present in different substrates such as the soil and other elements that make up the...
The different microorganisms that make up the normal microbiota of birds can be present in different substrates such as the soil and other elements that make up the habitat. In the case of the cattle egret, the intestinal microbiota can change due to partially migratory habits. Thus, this study aimed to isolate and identified fungi and yeasts with zoonotic potential obtained from cattle egret () droppings settler in Tulancingo, Hidalgo, at Eastern economic zone of Mexico. Cattle egret droppings were collected for analysis, a total of 240 pool samples, which were spread on Sabouraud agar and incubated at 25.00 - 37.00 ˚C for 2 to 3 days. Filamentous fungi and yeast were identified by morphology and Lactophenol Blue staining or Chinese Ink stains. Filamentous fungi genera spp. (42.35%), spp. (26.71%); spp. (13.35%); spp. (11.40%); spp. (1.95%); and, from yeasts such as spp. (2.29%); spp. (1.95%) were identified. In this work, the presence of filamentous fungi genera and yeasts with zoonotic potential were isolated from droppings of cattle egret. The clinical presentation of fungal infections in humans can occur when immunosuppression is present or different predisposition factors are conjugated. The presence of birds and their dropping in anthropogenic activities is not a predisposing factor for the presentation of the disease in immunologically competent humans.
PubMed: 37901349
DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2023.1982909.3710 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jan 2024Seafood has an important role to play to achieve a sustainable food system that provides healthy food to a growing world population. Future seafood production will be...
Seafood has an important role to play to achieve a sustainable food system that provides healthy food to a growing world population. Future seafood production will be increasingly reliant on aquaculture where feed innovation is essential to reduce environmental impacts and minimize feed and food competition. This study aimed to investigate whether a novel single cell protein feed ingredient based on Paecilomyces variotii grown on a side stream from the forest industry could improve environmental sustainability of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by replacing the soy protein concentrate used today. A Life Cycle Assessment including commonly addressed impacts but also the rarely assessed biodiversity impacts was performed. Furthermore, feeding trials were included for potential effects on fish growth, i.e., an assessment of the environmental impacts for the functional unit 'kg feed required to produce 1 kg live-weight rainbow trout'. Results showed that the best experimental diet containing P. variotii performed 16-73 % better than the control diet containing soy protein concentrate in all impact categories except for energy demand (21 % higher impact). The largest environmental benefits from replacing soy protein with P. variotii in rainbow trout diets was a 73 % reduction of impact on biodiversity and halved greenhouse gas emissions. The findings have high relevance for the aquaculture industry as the production scale and feed composition was comparable to commercial operations and because the effect on fish growth from inclusion of the novel ingredient in a complete diet was evaluated. The results on biodiversity loss from land use change and exploitation through fishing suggest that fishery can dominate impacts and exclusion thereof can greatly underestimate biodiversity impact. Finally, a novel feed ingredient grown on side streams from the forest industry has potential to add to food security through decreasing the dependence on increasingly scarce agricultural land resources.
Topics: Animals; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Animal Feed; Soybean Proteins; Aquaculture; Diet; Biodiversity
PubMed: 37879474
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168018 -
Biotechnologia 2023Clonal micropropagation is an effective method for plant reproduction, applicable in both scientific and industrial domains. However, a significant number of microclones...
Clonal micropropagation is an effective method for plant reproduction, applicable in both scientific and industrial domains. However, a significant number of microclones are lost during the acclimatization process. To address this, the introduction of beneficial microorganisms into the rhizosphere of micropropagated plants could have a positive effect on the survival rates and external characteristics of acclimatized plantlets. The aim of this study was to determine the protective and growth-promoting potential of ONU547 and its effect on micropropagated plants during acclimatization. The antagonistic activity of the bacteria was determined using the agar block method. L. seeds were inoculated with bacterial suspensions at concentrations of 10, 10, and 10 CFU/ml. Subsequently, the roots of the microclones were treated with suspensions of 10 and 10 CFU/ml, and biometric characteristics were measured. The results demonstrated antagonistic properties against various phytopathogenic fungi, including , , , , , , and . Inoculation of L. seeds resulted in improved germination rates, increased root numbers, and enhanced root and shoot lengths. Similarly, the effects of the studied bacteria on L. and Steud. during the acclimatization stage led to higher survival rates, increased shoot lengths, greater node numbers, and larger leaf areas. A concentration of 10 CFU/ml was identified as optimal for inoculating the microclones. The findings indicate that ONU547 holds promise for the inoculation of micropropagated plants during the acclimatization process. Further research is recommended to establish the specific interaction mechanisms between these bacteria and plants.
PubMed: 37850117
DOI: 10.5114/bta.2023.130732 -
International Journal of Food... Jan 2024Fatty acids are considered as important compounds for the aroma and taste of Chinese liquor. Revealing the core microbiota related with fatty acid biosynthesis and how...
Fatty acids are considered as important compounds for the aroma and taste of Chinese liquor. Revealing the core microbiota related with fatty acid biosynthesis and how they are influenced are essential to control fatty acids in spontaneous Chinese liquor fermentation. Herein, we identified the core microbiota related with fatty acid biosynthesis based on their microbial abundance, abundance and expression level of genes related with fatty acid biosynthesis, using high-throughput amplicon sequencing, metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis, respectively. Acetilactobacillus, Kroppenstedtia, Saccharomyces, Paecilomyces and Pichia were identified as the core microbiota (the criteria for identifying core microbiota: average relative abundance ≥1 %, average abundance of related genes >400 fragments per kilobase of transcript per million fragments mapped [FPKM], and expression level of related genes >1000 FPKM) related with fatty acid biosynthesis. SourceTracker analysis showed that Daqu mainly provided Kroppenstedtia (34.01 %) and Acetilactobacillus (3.31 %). Ground mainly provided Pichia (47.47 %), Saccharomyces (16.17 %) and Paecilomyces (8.55 %). Structural equation model revealed that Daqu and environmental microbiota drove the core microbiota (P < 0.05), and the core microbiota drove the biosynthesis of fatty acids (P < 0.05). This work revealed the important role of Daqu and environmental microbiota in fatty acid biosynthesis in liquor fermentation. It would benefit controlling fatty acids in liquor fermentation, and improving the liquor quality.
Topics: Fermentation; Odorants; Soy Foods; Pichia; Microbiota; Alcoholic Beverages; Fatty Acids
PubMed: 37832205
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110423 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Sep 2023Extracellular elastase-like protease is one of the key virulence proteases of . To date, little is known about this enzyme in terms of genetic information, structure,...
Extracellular elastase-like protease is one of the key virulence proteases of . To date, little is known about this enzyme in terms of genetic information, structure, properties and virulence mechanism due to the difficulties in purification caused by its low secretion amount, high specific activity, uncompleted genome sequencing and annotation. This work investigated the gene, structure and enzymatic properties of this enzyme. The . elastase-like protease from the fungal culture supernatant was analyzed through tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) approach, illustrating its primary structure. Bioinformatics tools were employed to predict the conserved domain and tertiary structure, the enzymatic properties were also studied. It turned out that . extracellular elastase-like protease demonstrated well hydrolysis towards elastin and bovine achilles tendon collagen, with of 18.14 μg/s and 17.57 μg/s respectively, better than fish scale gelatin, with the lowest hydrolysis effect on casein. Its activity towards elastin was lower than that of the elastase from porcine pancreas, with values of / of 3.541 (μg/s) and 4.091 (μg/s), respectively. It was an alkaline protease, with optimal pH 8.2 and temperature 37 C. Zn promoted the enzymatic activity while Ca, Mg, Na, elastatinal and PMSF inhibited its activity. Its sequence was similar to secreted serine protease (PDB Entry: c3f7oB_) with multiple conserved fractions each containing more than 7 amino acids, thus suitable for design of PCR primer. This study increased our knowledge on . extracellular elastase-like protease in terms of structure and enzymatic properties, and may facilitate later studies on protein expression and virulence mechanism.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Pancreatic Elastase; Elastin; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Serine Proteases
PubMed: 37805855
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.220907 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Highly adapted obligate endoparasites of the root system, root-knot nematodes ( spp.), cause great damage to agricultural crops. Our research is aimed at the assessment...
Highly adapted obligate endoparasites of the root system, root-knot nematodes ( spp.), cause great damage to agricultural crops. Our research is aimed at the assessment of nematicidal activity and effectiveness of antagonist fungal and bacterial strains against the most common type of root-knot nematode in the south of Russia. By means of molecular genetic identification, it was found that in the south of Russia, the species Chitwood, 1949 and (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 cause galls on the roots of open-ground and greenhouse tomato. Screening of microbial agents against second-stage juvenile (J2) was carried out in the laboratory. At the end of the experiment, two liquid fungal cultures of BK-6 and BK-2 were isolated, the nematicidal activity of which reached 100.0 and 70.2%, and exceeded the values of the biological standard (Nemotafagin-Mikopro) by 38.4% and 8.8%. The highest biological efficacy was noted in the liquid cultures of BK-6, BK-2, and BK-8 when introduced into the soil before planting tomato. The number of formed galls on the roots was lower in comparison with the control by 81.0%, 75.5%, and 74.4%.
PubMed: 37765486
DOI: 10.3390/plants12183323 -
Bioorganic Chemistry Dec 2023Co-culturing the marine-derived fungi Penicillium janthinellium with Paecilomyces formosus led to the isolation of nine new indole-diterpenes, janthinellumines A-I...
Co-culturing the marine-derived fungi Penicillium janthinellium with Paecilomyces formosus led to the isolation of nine new indole-diterpenes, janthinellumines A-I (1-9), along with twelve known analogues (10-21). The chemical structures including their absolute configurations of them were assigned by the analysis of extensive spectroscopic data and calculated ECD and VCD methods. These indole-diterpenoids displayed extensive biological activities, including anti-influenza A virus, protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitory, and anti-Vibrio activities. Among them, the anti-influenza mechanism of compounds 1, 2, and 7 was further investigated using neuraminidase inhibitory assay, molecular docking, and reverse genetics methods, suggesting that 1, 2, and 7 could interact with Arg371 of the viral neuraminidase. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of PTPs inhibitory activity for indole-diterpene derivatives (1, 2, 4, 5, 9-16, and 19-21) was also summarized.
Topics: Molecular Docking Simulation; Coculture Techniques; Neuraminidase; Indoles; Penicillium; Paecilomyces; Diterpenes; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 37722269
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106863