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Journal of Pediatric Surgery Apr 2024Abdominal and pelvic closure remains a challenge during bladder exstrophy initial repair. We aimed to report on the feasibility and results of a novel technique of...
BACKGROUND
Abdominal and pelvic closure remains a challenge during bladder exstrophy initial repair. We aimed to report on the feasibility and results of a novel technique of bilateral obturator osteotomy.
METHODS
Retrospective study of prospective collected data of children who underwent single-stage delayed bladder exstrophy closure combined with RSTM (Radical Soft Tissue Mobilization) for BEEC (Bladder Exstrophy Epispadias Complex) by the same team at different institutions between December 2017 and May 2021. When pubic approximation was not feasible at the end of the procedure, bilateral obturator osteotomy was performed through the same approach, consisting in bilateral divisions of the ilio-pubic rami, ischio-pubic rami, obturator membrane, and detachment of the internal obturator muscle. Pubic bone fragments were approximated together on the midline. Immobilization in a thermoformed posterior splint was indicated for 3 weeks. The main outcome criterion was the bladder dehiscence rate at 6 months, assessed by physical inspection. Secondary outcome criteria included neurovascular obturator pedicle injury, analyzed during orthopedic physical examination, wound or bone infections, gait acquisition, reported by parents and evaluated during medical examination, and vascular penile impairment, judged by penile and glans coloration.
RESULTS
17 children (11 males, 6 females) were included, at a median age of 2 months [1-33]; and representing 29% (17/58) of the children with bladder exstrophy who underwent the same surgical approach during the time of study. There was no postoperative bladder dehiscence with a median follow-up of 34 months [6-47]. No complication was observed. Pelvic X-rays showed bilateral normal ossification process. Neither gait abnormality, nor clinical indication of obturator nerve deficiency was observed during follow-up.
CONCLUSION
When pubic bones approximation is not possible, bilateral obturator osteotomy is a useful adjunct in bladder exstrophy closure, feasible by the pediatric urologist through the same approach, and not requiring external fixator.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
IV.
PubMed: 38664181
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.03.058 -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Apr 2024Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common and often self-limited. Reactivation results in a variety of disease presentations, especially in the setting of...
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common and often self-limited. Reactivation results in a variety of disease presentations, especially in the setting of immunocompromise. While cutaneous manifestations of systemic CMV infection are rare, dermatologic manifestations of CMV are increasingly reported with a wide morphologic spectrum clinically. Three male patients, with untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), penile lichenoid dermatitis treated with long-term topical and intralesional corticosteroids, and metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, each presented with isolated cutaneous ulcers. The ulcers were located on the perianal skin, glans of the penis, and distal thumb. In each case, nonspecific histopathologic features were seen. However, very rare dermal cytomegalic cells with nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions were present and highlighted with an immunohistochemical stain for CMV. Isolated ulcers due to CMV infection may occur in the setting of systemic or localized immunosuppression. A high index of suspicion is needed upon histopathologic evaluation, as few cytomegalic cells may be present and accurate diagnosis is crucial for prompt and appropriate clinical management.
PubMed: 38654546
DOI: 10.1111/cup.14608 -
AIDS (London, England) Jul 2024People with HIV (PWH) may have an increased burden of penile cancer. We aimed to evaluate the risk of penile cancer in PWH compared with that of the general population.
OBJECTIVES
People with HIV (PWH) may have an increased burden of penile cancer. We aimed to evaluate the risk of penile cancer in PWH compared with that of the general population.
DESIGN
We conducted a nationwide retrospective matched cohort study of penile cancer incidence among veterans with HIV (VWH) compared with veterans without HIV.
METHODS
We compared penile cancer incidence rates in 44 173 VWH to those of veterans without HIV ( N = 159 443; 4 : 1 matched in age). We used Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations with HIV infection and for penile cancer risk factors.
RESULTS
HIV positivity was associated with an increased risk of penile cancer, with adjusted hazard ratios of 2.63 (95% CI 1.64-4.23) when adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, baseline BMI, smoking and alcohol use, economic means test, and history of condyloma. The risk increased to hazard ratio = 4.25 (95% CI 2.75-6.57) when adjusting for all factors except history of condyloma. Risk factors for penile cancer in VWH included lower nadir CD4 + count, less than 50% of follow-up time with undetectable HIV viral load, and history of condyloma.
CONCLUSION
VWH - particularly those with low CD4 + counts, detectable HIV viral loads, or history of condyloma - are at increased risk of penile cancer, suggesting the penile cancer prevention activities are needed in this population.
Topics: Humans; Male; Penile Neoplasms; Veterans; Retrospective Studies; HIV Infections; Middle Aged; United States; Incidence; Adult; Risk Factors; Risk Assessment; Aged
PubMed: 38652491
DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003914 -
American Family Physician Apr 2024Men who have sex with men (MSM) is an inclusive term used to refer to phenotypic males who have insertive or receptive sex (penile-anal or penile-oral) with other... (Review)
Review
Men who have sex with men (MSM) is an inclusive term used to refer to phenotypic males who have insertive or receptive sex (penile-anal or penile-oral) with other phenotypic males, including people who are transgender or have other gender identities. MSM may report their sexual orientation as homosexual, bisexual, heterosexual, or something else, but this stated sexual orientation may not align with their sexual attraction or behaviors. Several health conditions disproportionately affect MSM compared with age-matched heterosexual men, including HIV infection, anal cancer, syphilis, and depression. Clinicians should use culturally sensitive questions to obtain a comprehensive sexual history and assess sexual risk. MSM should receive regular screening for HIV, hepatitis B and C, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis. Vaccinations for hepatitis A and B and human papillomavirus should be offered. MSM may benefit from preexposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV infection, postexposure prophylaxis to reduce the risk of HIV transmission, and counseling on safer sexual practices. Screening for anal cancer associated with human papillomavirus may be performed by digital anal rectal examination, although the optimal screening strategy has yet to be determined. Clinicians should also consider more frequent screenings for mental health issues in the MSM population because the rates of depression, suicide, substance use, and other psychosocial issues are higher than those of the general population.
Topics: Humans; Male; Homosexuality, Male; HIV Infections; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Mass Screening; Anus Neoplasms; Preventive Health Services; Sexual and Gender Minorities
PubMed: 38648831
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Surgery Case... May 2024Urethral duplication is a congenital anomaly characterized by the partial or full development of an auxiliary urethra as a second urethral channel varying in extent and...
INTRODUCTION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Urethral duplication is a congenital anomaly characterized by the partial or full development of an auxiliary urethra as a second urethral channel varying in extent and location. The course of treatment for urethral duplication should be individualized for each patient based on the type of anomaly and the existence of symptoms. In most cases, if the ventral orthotopic urethra is normal, excision of the dorsal auxiliary urethra is almost always curative.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report a case of a 13-year-old boy who presented with recurrent urinary tract infection, occasionally having drops of urine at an external pin hole meatal opening on the dorsum of the penile shaft. Several investigations were performed to confirm the presence of the dorsal accessory urethra. The patient underwent complete excision of the accessory urethra, and 12 weeks post-surgery the patient was completely asymptomatic.
DISCUSSION
Urethral duplications are rare anomalies. These anomalies have been classified in various ways in the literature, including sagittal and lateral duplications, dorsal and ventral duplications. The sagittal plane is where the majority of urethral duplications occur. Based on the anatomic variation, clinical presentation and severity of the anomaly, urethral duplication treatment should be customized for each patient. An asymptomatic child may require no specific treatment. Total surgical excision of the dorsal accessory urethra appears to offer the best curative solution.
CONCLUSION
Excision of the dorsal accessory urethra is usually curative when the ventral orthotopic urethra is normal. Thorough investigation before surgery is mandatory to determine the type of urethral duplication. The most common diagnostic procedures for urethral duplications include cystoscopy, KUB ultrasonography, and micturating cystourethrography. These procedures can help plan surgery, prevent complications such as neurovascular bundle injuries and urine incontinence, and improve patient self-esteem and quality of life.
PubMed: 38642431
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109637 -
Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue = National Journal... Oct 2023To explore the safety, feasibility, and technical points of the improved circumcision procedure assisted by a precise marking method circumcision device.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the safety, feasibility, and technical points of the improved circumcision procedure assisted by a precise marking method circumcision device.
METHOD
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 41 cases of modified foreskin circumcision using precise marking method in the urology department of our hospital from February 2021 to January 2023 as the observation group, and 60 cases of traditional foreskin circumcision assisted by traditional foreskin circumcision during the same period as the control group. Compare and analyze indicators such as the distance from the anastomotic margin to the coronal sulcus, postoperative erectile tension, edema, hematoma, postoperative infection, and the presence of sexual intercourse pain between two groups of patients. The number of patients in the observation group who experienced erectile tension at 3 months after surgery was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the number of patients with sexual pain was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The distance from the incision edge to the coronal sulcus was closer to 0.5 cm in the observation group (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Compared with traditional circumcision, the precise marking method assisted by a modified circumcision device can more accurately control the position of the cutting edge, reduce the incidence of postoperative erectile tension and sexual pain, and is a feasible and safe surgical method.
Topics: Male; Humans; Foreskin; Retrospective Studies; Phimosis; Circumcision, Male; Pain
PubMed: 38639658
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Medical Economics Apr 2024Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a common cause of several types of cancer, including head and neck (oral cavity, pharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx, and...
BACKGROUND
Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a common cause of several types of cancer, including head and neck (oral cavity, pharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx, and larynx), cervical, vulval, vaginal, anal, and penile cancers. As HPV vaccines are available, there is potential to prevent HPV-related disease burden and related costs.
METHOD
A model was developed for nine Central Eastern European (CEE) countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia). This model considered cancer patients who died from 11 HPV-related cancers (oropharynx, oral cavity, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, pharynx, anal, larynx, vulval, vaginal, cervical, and penile) in 2019. Due to data limitations, Bulgaria only included four cancer types. The model estimated the number of HPV-related deaths and years of life lost (YLL) based on published HPV-attributable fractions. YLL was adjusted with labor force participation, retirement age and then multiplied by mean annual earnings, discounted at a 3% annual rate to calculate the present value of future lost productivity (PVFLP).
RESULTS
In 2019, there were 6,832 deaths attributable to HPV cancers resulting in 107,846 YLL in the nine CEE countries. PVFLP related to HPV cancers was estimated to be €46 M in Romania, €37 M in Poland, €19 M in Hungary, €15 M in Czechia, €12 M in Croatia, €10 M in Serbia, €9 M in Slovakia, €7 M in Bulgaria and €4 M in Slovenia.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a high disease burden of HPV-related cancer-related deaths in the CEE region, with a large economic impact to society due to substantial productivity losses. It is critical to implement and reinforce public health measures with the aim to reduce the incidence of HPV-related diseases, and the subsequent premature cancer deaths. Improving HPV screening and increasing vaccination programs, in both male and female populations, could help reduce this burden.
Topics: Humans; Papillomavirus Infections; Female; Male; Cost of Illness; Europe, Eastern; Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Efficiency; Life Expectancy; Adult; Europe; Aged; Models, Econometric; Human Papillomavirus Viruses
PubMed: 38638098
DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2024.2341572 -
The Oncologist Jun 2024Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated malignancies account for ~5% of human cancers worldwide. Thirteen, or more, HPV types are oncogenic, but infection with these... (Review)
Review
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated malignancies account for ~5% of human cancers worldwide. Thirteen, or more, HPV types are oncogenic, but infection with these viruses is common and usually cleared within 2 years. Only infections that become persistent are associated with the development of cancer, often occurring several decades later. These cancers mostly arise in 6 different anatomical regions: 5 are anogenital (anus, cervix, penis, vagina, and vulva) and the sixth is the oropharynx. Oncogenic HPVs promote cellular proliferation and genomic instability, but the anatomical niche of the target tissue also plays an important role in the development of cancer. Cells that reside in transitional regions between different types of epithelia, such as in the anus, cervix, and oropharynx, are particularly vulnerable to oncogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Papillomavirus Infections; Female; Male; Papillomaviridae; Neoplasms; Persistent Infection
PubMed: 38630576
DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae071 -
Mycopathologia Apr 2024The cutaneous fungal infections in male genitalia are relatively rare, and often present with various atypical clinical symptoms. It was mainly reported in a small...
The cutaneous fungal infections in male genitalia are relatively rare, and often present with various atypical clinical symptoms. It was mainly reported in a small number of case reports, while data with large number of patients were rarely reported. In this study, we reported 79 male patients with cutaneous fungal infections on scrotum or penis. The fungal infections were confirmed by microscopic examination directly and fungus culture. Clinical characteristics and predisposing factors were also collected. Of these 79 patients, 72 has lesions on scrotum, 5 on penis and 2 on both scrotum and penis. Trichophyton (T.) rubrum is the most common pathogen, found in 50 (67.6%) patients, which presented diverse clinical manifestation such as majorly erythematous, dry diffused scaly lesions without a clear border, slightly powdery and scutular scalings. Candida (C.) albicans is the secondly common pathogen, found in 21 (28.4%) patients, which also presented diverse lesions such as erythematous with dry whitish scaly lesions and erythematous erosion. The predisposing factors mainly included concomitant fungal infections on sites other than genitalia, especially inguinal region (tinea cruris), application of corticosteroid and high moisture. In conclusion, cutaneous fungal infections in male genitalia could be caused by different fungi, showed atypical or mild clinical appearances in most cases and might be a fungus reservoir, emphasizing the necessity to timely perform the fungi examinations and corresponding therapy.
Topics: Humans; Male; Dermatomycoses; Skin; Trichophyton; Microscopy; Scrotum
PubMed: 38627263
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-024-00839-0 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Apr 2024Little is known about penile high-risk HPV among MSM in low-and-middle income countries. We aimed to determine the incidence, clearance and persistence of penile hrHPV...
BACKGROUND
Little is known about penile high-risk HPV among MSM in low-and-middle income countries. We aimed to determine the incidence, clearance and persistence of penile hrHPV among Rwandan MSM.
METHODS
We enrolled 350 MSM (345 with valid HPV results), aged ≥18 years, at each visit (6-12 months apart), we collected penile PreservCyt specimens and blood for HPV and HIV testing, socio-demographic and behavioral variables. HPV testing was performed using the Ampfire assay. Penile hrHPV incidence and clearance/1,000 person-months of follow-up (PMF), prevalent- and incident-persistence were computed and compared by HIV status.
RESULTS
The mean age was 27.7 ± 6.7 years and 19.4% were living with HIV. Penile hrHPV incidence was 34.8 (95% CI: 29.1, 41.8)/1,000 PMF. HPV16 (11.7, CI 9.26, 14.9) and HPV59 (6.1, CI 4.52, 8.39) had the highest incidence rates. Prevalent- and incident-persistence were 47.5% and 46.6%, respectively. HPV66 (33.3%), HPV52 (30.8%) and HPV16 (29.2%) had the highest prevalent-persistence and HPV33 (53.8%), HPV31 (46.7%) and HPV16 (42.6%) the highest incident-persistence. No differences were found by HIV status except for HPV45 (higher in MSM with HIV).
CONCLUSION
We found high incidence and prevalent/incident-persistence of penile hrHPV among Rwandan MSM. This highlights the importance of preventive strategies for HPV-associated anogenital cancers.
PubMed: 38626186
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae190