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Clinical Optometry 2021Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation or light having a wavelength of less than 400 nm but greater than 100 nm. Ultraviolet radiation, majorly from...
BACKGROUND
Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation or light having a wavelength of less than 400 nm but greater than 100 nm. Ultraviolet radiation, majorly from sunlight, can potentially damage any organ that is exposed to any part of its spectrum. Aside from the skin, the organ most susceptible to sunlight-induced damage is the eye. Ultraviolet radiation is reported to be the cause of multiple ocular problems ranging from benign conditions like pterygium and pinguecula to ocular malignancies such as basal cell carcinoma which finally leads to visual impairment and blindness. Protection practice is mandatory to avoid the burden of diseases caused by ultraviolet exposure and maximizing the protection measures implementation is important. To maximize this, it is essential to know the current practice and the associated factors affecting the usage of protective devices in the study area.
METHODS
Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2019 on 453 study participants. The study participants were selected through a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. The analyzed result was summarized and presented using texts, tables and charts. A Chi-square test was applied to assess the significant association.
RESULTS
A total of 430 study subjects were participated and completed the questionnaire with a response rate of 94.92%. The mean age of the study participants was 35.3 (SD±6.68). Two hundred forty-three (56.5%) study participants were males. About 228 (53%) of participants were married, and 356 (82.8%) were Christian in religion. From the total study participants, 173 (40.23%) had good practice in protecting the eye from ultraviolet radiation damages while the remaining 59.77% had poor practice. A significant association was found between sex and protection practice of the eye from ultraviolet radiation damages.
CONCLUSION
The majority of the study participants had poor protection practice of the eye from ultraviolet radiation damages. Improving awareness and protection practice are vital to reduce the burden of ocular abnormalities due to excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
PubMed: 33519252
DOI: 10.2147/OPTO.S291916 -
Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands) Feb 2022Clinicopathologic correlation of a pinguecula with spheroidal degeneration: a benign entity occasionally encountered in clinical practice.
Clinicopathologic correlation of a pinguecula with spheroidal degeneration: a benign entity occasionally encountered in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Pinguecula
PubMed: 33356725
DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2020.1863434 -
Vestnik Oftalmologii 2020The ageing of population is accompanied by an increase in the frequency of chronic diseases, including ophthalmic. The progression of ophthalmologic disturbances has...
UNLABELLED
The ageing of population is accompanied by an increase in the frequency of chronic diseases, including ophthalmic. The progression of ophthalmologic disturbances has population specificity and its analysis in Russian population is relevant.
PURPOSE
To study the prevalence and age- and gender-related gradient of ophthalmic diseases (cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy) in the Russian population older than 50 years.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A random population cohort (9360, aged 45-69 years) was examined in Novosibirsk in 2003/05 and re-examined in 2015/17 (the HAPIEE project). Ophthalmological parameters were studied in a random subsample (324 m/f, aged 55-84, 2015/17). Clinical and instrumental methods were applied to assess eye diseases: cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), hypertensive retinopathy (HR) and other ophthalmic diseases.
RESULTS
In the studied sample of men and women aged 55-84 years, the prevalence of cataract was 72.8%, AMD - 25.7%, glaucoma - 6.2%, DR - 2.1%, HR - 79.6%. The prevalence of other ophthalmic diseases (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, pterygium, pinguecula, dystrophy of cornea and retina, tumors and inflammatory diseases) was 13.5%. The frequency of cataract (<0.001) and AMD (=0.003) significantly increased with age. The frequency of glaucoma did not change substantially in the studied age range with insignificant increase in those older than 80 years (14.3%). The frequency of DR and HR were not consistently related to age.
CONCLUSIONS
In the studied population sample of men and women aged 55-84 years (Novosibirsk), the prevalence of cataract and HR is high; the prevalence of AMD is similar to populations with moderate frequency of diseases; the frequency of glaucoma is close to populations with high prevalence of this disease. The frequency of cataract and AMD increased with age. There was no consistent age gradient of the frequency of glaucoma, DR and HR in the age range of 55-84 years.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Russia
PubMed: 32504485
DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2020136031106 -
Klinische Monatsblatter Fur... Apr 2020
Topics: Fluorescein Angiography; Humans; Laser Coagulation; Pinguecula
PubMed: 32131121
DOI: 10.1055/a-1068-2628 -
BMC Ophthalmology Dec 2019To determine the repeatability of measurements of ocular surface vessel density in normal and diseased eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
BACKGROUND
To determine the repeatability of measurements of ocular surface vessel density in normal and diseased eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
METHODS
Ten normal eyes, 10 pinguecula eyes, and 10 pterygium eyes of 30 volunteers were subjected to OCTA (AngioVue Imaging System, Optovue, Inc.). For scanning, we used the corneal adapter module. Each eye was scanned three times in the nasal and temporal directions, separately. AngioVue software was used to generate the ocular surface vessel density. Ocular surface vessel density was defined as the proportion of vessel area with blood flow to the total measurement area (3 × 3 mm). Intersession repeatability of the measurement was summarized as the coefficient of variation (CV), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated by variance component models.
RESULTS
The CVs were less than 5% in all subjects, and the ICCs exceeded 0.9; thus, all measurements showed good repeatability. The nasal vessels densities differed significantly between healthy eyes and eyes with pterygium (P < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference between healthy eyes and eyes with pinguecula (P = 0.466).
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that measurement of ocular surface vessel density by OCTA in normal eyes and eyes with pterygium and pinguecula is repeatable. This preliminary research describes a quantitative and visual method for assessing vessel density of the ocular surface with a high level of consistency.
Topics: Adult; Blood Vessels; Conjunctiva; Cornea; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pinguecula; Pterygium; Reproducibility of Results; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 31823755
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1255-2 -
Eye & Contact Lens Nov 2019To investigate clinical features and treatment outcomes of pingueculitis with morphological assessments using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).
PURPOSE
To investigate clinical features and treatment outcomes of pingueculitis with morphological assessments using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).
METHODS
In this retrospective observational study, we examined 22 eyes of 22 patients with pingueculitis. All patients were treated with the same 2-week course of prednisolone acetate 1% drops four times per day. The clinical parameters evaluated were surface dimensions determined by slitlamp biomicroscopy, cross-sectional dimensions determined by AS-OCT, and symptom scores determined by patient surveys. Pretreatment and 1-month posttreatment values were compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Patients were followed up to 1 year after treatment.
RESULTS
Twenty-two eyes from 22 patients (4 men and 18 women) with an average age of 37.7±8.8 (range, 27-57) years and an average duration of symptoms of 22 (range, 5-60) days were included. The average follow-up period was 14.7±0.8 (range, 12-22) months. Mean pretreatment horizontal length, vertical length, conjunctival thickness, and cross-sectional area were 2.4±0.69 mm, 2.0±0.6 mm, 1.82±0.60 μm, and 5.14±2.05 mm, respectively. Mean posttreatment horizontal length, vertical length, conjunctival thickness, and area were 1.93±0.5 mm, 1.52±0.6 mm, 1.03±0.46 μm, and 2.33±0.83 mm, respectively. Mean pretreatment and posttreatment dry eye symptom scores were 3.27±0.77 and 1.13±0.38, respectively. The median pretreatment and posttreatment changes were statistically significant by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for horizontal length (P<0.001), vertical length (P<0.001), conjunctival thickness (P=0.003), cross-sectional area (P=0.003), and dry eye symptom scores (P<0.001).
CONCLUSION
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography allows the quantification of differences in the pingueculitis measurements before and after treatment. In this retrospective study, a short course of topical steroids effectively treated the inflammation in a sustained manner. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography demonstrated significant reduction in the thickness and cross-sectional area of the pinguecula and a conversion back to a homogeneous conjunctival stroma.
Topics: Adult; Anterior Eye Segment; Conjunctivitis; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pinguecula; Prednisolone; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 31663916
DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000574 -
Cornea Jan 2020To investigate the density of conjunctival blood vessels in normal eyes and in eyes with pinguecula or pterygium.
PURPOSE
To investigate the density of conjunctival blood vessels in normal eyes and in eyes with pinguecula or pterygium.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, the conjunctival blood vessel density of 15 normal eyes, 15 pinguecula eyes, and 15 pterygium eyes of 43 healthy adults was assessed using optical coherence tomography angiography with an anterior segment lens adapter. The nasal surface of each eye (3 × 3 mm) was scanned 3 times to a depth of 800 μm. Conjunctival vessel density was defined as the percent of the scanned volume occupied by vessels in which blood flow was measured.
RESULTS
The high reliability of data measurement was supported by good coefficients of repeatability (<10%) of the image quality score and high intraclass correlation coefficients (>0.9). The vessel density in normal conjunctivas, 52.2 ± 4.1%, was similar to that in pinguecula conjunctivas, 50.5 ± 4.7% (P = 0.3006). However, the vessel density in conjunctivas with pterygium, 63.6 ± 3.7%, was greater than that in either normal (P < 0.0001) or pinguecula (P < 0.0001) conjunctivas.
CONCLUSIONS
Using optical coherence tomography angiography with an anterior segment lens adapter, the ocular surface blood vessel density was imaged and assessed with good repeatability and reliability. The blood vessel density of conjunctivas with pterygium was significantly greater than that in either normal or pinguecula conjunctivas. This suggests that, in contrast to pinguecula development, pterygium development includes angiogenesis and neovascularization.
Topics: Adult; Anterior Eye Segment; Blood Vessels; Conjunctiva; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pinguecula; Pterygium; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 31436638
DOI: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000002114 -
Clinical & Experimental Optometry Mar 2020It was the author's (LWH) observation that pterygium was frequently misdiagnosed by general practitioners that led to this study. The aim was to identify the rate of...
BACKGROUND
It was the author's (LWH) observation that pterygium was frequently misdiagnosed by general practitioners that led to this study. The aim was to identify the rate of misdiagnosis of pterygium by optometrists and general practitioners based upon assessing referral accuracy to a single ophthalmologist (LWH).
METHODS
This study involved a prospective case series from 25 March 2015 to 18 December 2018 in a tertiary referral practice specialising in pterygium. The accuracy of diagnosis of pterygium, based upon the content of the clinical referral, was undertaken for optometrists and general practitioners. The benchmark for diagnostic accuracy was the diagnosis made by the author (LWH) during a consultation in person by the author (LWH) using a hand-light examination and confirmed by slitlamp examination.
RESULTS
A total of 1,511 consecutive patients were included in the study with 90/549 incorrectly diagnosed (16 per cent) by general practitioners and 14/962 (1.4 per cent) by optometrists. General practitioners were 13.28 times more likely to incorrectly diagnose a pterygium than optometrists (95% CI 7.48-23.57). Almost exclusively, the incorrect diagnosis made by general practitioners was naming a pinguecula, a pterygium. The same misdiagnosis was made by optometrists but far less frequently.
CONCLUSION
General practitioners misdiagnosed pterygium far more often than optometrists which may reflect a reduction in training in eye health.
Topics: Australia; Clinical Competence; Follow-Up Studies; General Practitioners; Humans; Optometrists; Prospective Studies; Pterygium; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 31060100
DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12916 -
Eye & Contact Lens Nov 2019To investigate the effects of contact lens (CL) on the frequency of pinguecula, and the relationship between dry eye disease and pinguecula.
PURPOSE
To investigate the effects of contact lens (CL) on the frequency of pinguecula, and the relationship between dry eye disease and pinguecula.
METHODS
Two hundred and 33 cases of soft CL wearers and 230 age-matched nonwearers were enrolled in the study. Schirmer I test (ST) scores and tear break-up time (TBUT) were determined in all participants. A questionnaire including ocular surface disease index (OSDI), age, sex, and duration of CL wear was implemented to the participants before the examination.
RESULTS
The prevalence of pinguecula was 27.8% (n: 65) in the CL group and 26.5% (n: 61) in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups (P=0.841). The prevalence of pinguecula increased with age in both groups. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of pinguecula when users were divided into three groups according to the duration of CL wear (P=0.575). The TBUT scores were lower, and the OSDI scores were higher in the CL group. The TBUT scores were lower in patients with pinguecula in both groups. The OSDI scores were higher in the CL group. There was no significant difference regarding the OSDI scores between patients with pinguecula and healthy participants in the CL group; however, OSDI scores were significantly higher in patients with pinguecula in control group. There were no significant differences in the ST scores between the groups, and between patients with pinguecula and healthy participants.
CONCLUSION
This is the second study that evaluates the effects of soft CL wearing on pinguecula prevalence. We found that CL wearing does not affect the prevalence of pinguecula. Considering the OSDI scores in patients with pinguecula in the CL group, CL may suppress the irritant symptoms of pinguecula.
Topics: Adult; Aging; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; Dry Eye Syndromes; Female; Humans; Male; Pinguecula; Prevalence; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 30801268
DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000586