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Letters in Applied Microbiology May 2022Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a process that hydrolysis urea by microbial urease to fill the pore spaces of soil with induced calcium carbonate...
Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a process that hydrolysis urea by microbial urease to fill the pore spaces of soil with induced calcium carbonate (CaCO ) precipitates, which eventually results in improved or solidified soil. This research explored the possibility of using dairy manure pellets (DMP) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) as alternative nutrient sources for Sporosarcina pasteurii cultivation and CaCO bioprecipitation. Different concentrations (20-80 g l ) of DMP and POME were used to propagate the cells of S. pasteurii under laboratory conditions. The measured CaCO contents for MICP soil specimens that were treated with bacterial cultures grown in DMP medium (60%, w/v) was 15·30 ± 0·04 g ml and POME medium (40%, v/v) was 15·49 ± 0·05 g ml after 21 days curing. The scanning electron microscopy showed that soil treated with DMP had rhombohedral structure-like crystals with smooth surfaces, whilst that of POME entailed ring-like cubical formation with rough surfaces Electron dispersive X-ray analysis was able to identify a high mass percentage of chemical element compositions (Ca, C and O), whilst spectrum from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the vibration peak intensities for CaCO . Atomic force microscopy further showed clear topographical differences on the crystal surface structures that were formed around the MICP treated soil samples. These nutrient sources (DMP and POME) showed encouraging potential cultivation mediums to address high costs related to bacterial cultivation and biocementation treatment.
Topics: Biomineralization; Calcium Carbonate; Culture Media; Manure; Nutrients; Palm Oil; Soil; Sporosarcina
PubMed: 35032053
DOI: 10.1111/lam.13652 -
Journal of Animal Science and... Jan 2022Previous studies had shown that short-term acute heat stress (HS) affected the host's metabolism and intestinal microbiota independent of feed intake (FI) reduction, and...
Alterations in intestinal microbiota composition coincide with impaired intestinal morphology and dysfunctional ileal immune response in growing-finishing pigs under constant chronic heat stress.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies had shown that short-term acute heat stress (HS) affected the host's metabolism and intestinal microbiota independent of feed intake (FI) reduction, and long-term calorie restriction caused intestinal morphological injuries and gut microbial alterations. However, research on the effects of constant chronic HS on intestinal microbial composition and the roles of FI reduction played in is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 7-day constant chronic HS on the composition of intestinal microbes in growing-finishing pigs, and its relationship with pigs' performance, intestinal morphology, and ileal immune response. Twenty-four growing-finishing pigs (Duroc × Large White × Landrace, 30 ± 1 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to three treatments (n = 8), 1) thermal neutral (TN) conditions (25 ± 1 °C) with ad libitum FI, 2) HS conditions (35 ± 1 °C) with ad libitum FI, 3) pair-fed (PF) with HS under TN conditions to discriminate the confounding effects of dissimilar FI, and the FI was the previous day's average FI of HS. The small intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and feces were collected on d 8.
RESULTS
Results indicated that HS drastically declined (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (about 61%) in comparison with TN, and caused hyperpyrexia, meanwhile PF caused hypothermia. Morphological observation by light and electron microscopes showed that both HS and PF treatment decreased (P < 0.05) the villus and microvillus height compared with TN. Additionally, HS increased (P < 0.05) protein expression of heat shock protein 70 in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Furthermore, the expression of tight junction protein zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) in the duodenum and ileum, and Occludin in the ileum were enhanced (P < 0.05) compared with TN and PF. Moreover, HS significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) the mRNA relative expression of inflammatory cytokines (TLR-2, TLR-4, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-8, PG1-5, β-defensin 2 (pBD-2)), mucins (mucin-1 and mucin-2) and P65 protein level in the ileal mucosa tissue. Intestinal microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA sequencing showed lower (P < 0.10) α diversity in both HS and PF, and a separated cluster of β diversity among groups. Compared with TN, HS but not PF mainly reduced (FDR < 0.05) Bacteroidetes (phylum), Bacteroidia (class) and elevated the proportions of Proteobacteria (phylum, FDR < 0.05), Bacillales (order, FDR < 0.05), Planococcaceae (family, FDR < 0.05), Kurthia (genus, FDR < 0.05), Streptococcaceae (family, FDR < 0.10) and Streptococcus (genus, FDR < 0.10). Notably, Lactobacillales (order) was decreased (FDR < 0.05) by PF alone. Furthermore, the Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the microbes prevalent in HS were positively (P < 0.05) associated with intestinal morphological injuries indicators and ileal immune response parameters, and the microbes reduced in HS were negatively (P < 0.05) with the performance data.
CONCLUSIONS
Intestinal morphological injuries and ileal immune response caused by constant chronic HS independent of FI showed close connections with alterations in intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs.
PubMed: 34983683
DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00651-6 -
Current Microbiology Dec 2021Two novel bacteria species designated Marseille-Q1000 and Marseille-Q0999 were isolated from urine samples of patients in Sokoto, Northwest-Nigeria. They were...
Two novel bacteria species designated Marseille-Q1000 and Marseille-Q0999 were isolated from urine samples of patients in Sokoto, Northwest-Nigeria. They were Gram-positive bacteria and belong to two different genera, Bhargavaea and Dietzia. The genome size and G + C content of Marseille-Q1000 and Marseille-Q0999 were 3.07 and 3.51 Mbp with 53.8 and 71.0 mol% G + C content, respectively. The strains exhibited unique phenotypic and genomic features that are substantially different from previously known bacterial species with standing in nomenclature. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic characteristics, strains Marseille-Q0999 (= CSURQ0999 = DSM 112394) and Marseille-Q1000 (= CSURQ1000 = DSM 112384) were proposed as the type strains of Bhargavaea massiliensis sp. nov., and Dietzia massiliensis sp. nov., respectively.
Topics: DNA, Bacterial; Humans; Nigeria; Phylogeny; Planococcaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34905116
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02721-4 -
Archives of Microbiology Dec 2021A Gram-positive, aerobic and short rod-shaped bacterium designated REN13, was isolated from pit mud of Baijiu, in Sichuan province, China. Strain REN13 could grow at...
A Gram-positive, aerobic and short rod-shaped bacterium designated REN13, was isolated from pit mud of Baijiu, in Sichuan province, China. Strain REN13 could grow at 10-50 ℃, pH 6.0-9.0 and 0-2% (w/v) NaCl, with the optimal growth occurred at 28 ℃, pH 7.0, and 2% (w/v) NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain REN13 was closely related to Sporosarcina globispora DSM 4 (98.6%). The DNA G + C content of strain REN13 was 41.1 mol %. DDH and ANI value between strain REN13 and S. globispora DSM 4 was 24.4% and 67.6%, respectively. The major fatty acids were iso-C and antesio-C. The respiratory quinone was MK-7, and the polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Based on the above polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strain REN13 represents a novel species of the genus Sporosarcina, for which the name Sporosarcina beigongshangi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain REN13 (= JCM 34409 = GDMCC 1.2151).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sporosarcina
PubMed: 34877615
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02601-2 -
International Journal of Biological... Jan 2022β-carotene is a natural compound with immense healthcare benefits. To overcome insolubility and lack of stability which restricts its application, in this study,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Comparative performance evaluation of chitosan based polymeric microspheres and nanoparticles as delivery system for bacterial β-carotene derived from Planococcus sp. TRC1.
β-carotene is a natural compound with immense healthcare benefits. To overcome insolubility and lack of stability which restricts its application, in this study, β-carotene from Planococcus sp. TRC1 was entrapped into formulations of chitosan‑sodium alginate microspheres (MF1, MF2 and MF3) and chitosan nanoparticles (NF1, NF2 and NF3). The maximum entrapment efficiency (%) and loading capacity (%) were 80.6 ± 4.28 and 26 ± 3.05 (MF2) and 92.1 ± 3.44 and 41.86 ± 4.65 (NF2) respectively. Korsmeyer-Peppas model showed best fit with release, revealing non-Fickian diffusion. Thermal and UV treatment exhibited higher activation energy (kJ/mol), 17.76 and 15.57 (MF2) and 37.03 and 19.33 (NF2) compared to free β-carotene (3.7 and 3.9), uncovering enhanced stability. MF2 and NF2 revealed swelling index (%) 721 ± 1.7 and 18.1 ± 1.5 (pH 6.8) and particle size 69.5 ± 3.2 μm and 92 ± 2.5 nm respectively. FESEM, FT-IR, XRD and DSC depicted spherical morphology, intactness of functional groups and masking of crystallinity. The IC (μg ml) values for antioxidant and anticancer (A-549) activities were 33.1 ± 1.7, 45.1 ± 2.8, 39.3 ± 2.9 and 31.3 ± 1.7, 27.9 ± 2.4, 25.3 ± 2.2 for β-carotene, MF2 and NF2 respectively with no significant cytotoxicity on HEK-293 cells and RBCs (p > 0.05). This comparative study of microspheres and nanoparticles may allow the diverse applications of an unconventional bacterial β-carotene with promising stability and efficacies.
Topics: Alginates; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chitosan; Diffusion; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Drug Delivery Systems; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Microspheres; Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Planococcaceae; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; beta Carotene
PubMed: 34863970
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.167 -
Heliyon Oct 2021Microorganisms in clay barriers could affect the long-term performance of waste containers in future deep geological repositories (DGR) for used nuclear fuel through...
Microorganisms in clay barriers could affect the long-term performance of waste containers in future deep geological repositories (DGR) for used nuclear fuel through production of corrosive metabolites ( sulfide), which is why clay materials are highly compacted: to reduce both physical space and access to water for microorganisms to grow. However, the highly compacted nature of clays and the resulting low activity or dormancy of microorganisms complicate the extraction of biomarkers ( PLFA, DNA .) from such barriers for predictive analysis of microbial risks. In order to overcome these challenges, we have combined culture- and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing-based approaches to describe the functional diversity of microorganisms in several commercial clay products, including two different samples of Wyoming type MX-80 bentonite (Batch 1 and Batch 2), the reference clay for a future Canadian DGR, and Avonlea type Canaprill, a clay sample for comparison. Microorganisms from bentonites were enriched in anoxic 10% w/v clay microcosms for three months at ambient temperature with addition of 10% hydrogen along with presumable indigenous organics and sulfate in the clay. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments indicated a high abundance of Gram-positive bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes (82%) in MX-80 Batch 1 incubations. Bacterial libraries from microcosms with MX-80 Batch 2 were enriched with Firmicutes (53%) and Chloroflexi (43%). Firmicutes also significantly contributed (<15%) to the bacterial community in Canaprill clay microcosm, which was dominated by Gram-negative Proteobacteria (>70%). Sequence analysis revealed presence of the bacterial families and in MX-80 Batch 1 incubations; along with unidentified bacteria of the phylum Chloroflexi, in MX-80 Batch 2 clay microcosms, and in Canaprill microcosms. Exploration of potential metabolic pathways in the bacterial communities from the clay microcosms suggested variable patterns of sulfur cycling in the different clays with the possible prevalence of bacterial sulfate-reduction in MX-80 bentonite, and probably successive sulfate-reduction/sulfur-oxidation reactions in Canaprill microcosms. Furthermore, analysis of potential metabolic pathways in the bentonite enrichments suggested that bacteria with acid-producing capabilities (, fermenters and acetogens) together with sulfide-producing prokaryotes might perhaps contribute to corrosion risks in clay systems. However, the low activity or dormancy of microorganisms in highly compacted bentonites as a result of severe environmental constraints ( low water activity and high swelling pressure in the confined bentonite) would be expected to largely inhibit bacterial activity in highly compacted clay-based barriers in a future DGR.
PubMed: 34703919
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08131 -
BMC Microbiology Oct 2021Extremophiles have attracted much attention in the last few decades, as they possess different properties by producing certain useful metabolites. However, the secondary...
BACKGROUND
Extremophiles have attracted much attention in the last few decades, as they possess different properties by producing certain useful metabolites. However, the secondary metabolism of the extremophiles of Antarctic krill has received little attention.
RESULTS
In this study, a new bacterial strain MSAK28401 from Antarctic krill was isolated and identified. The results of analysis on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genomic characteristics showed that the strain MSAK28401 belongs to the genus Planococcus. Cells of this strain were coccoid (0.89-1.05 μm) and aerobic. The majority of the fatty acid content was C anteiso (37.67 ± 0.90%) followed by C ω7c alcohol (10.37 ± 1.22%) and C iso (9.36 ± 0.71%). The calculated average nucleotide identity and DNA-DNA hybridization values between the strain MSAK28401 and type strains P. citreus DSM 20549 and P. rifietoensis M8 were lower than 91 and 70%, respectively. The strain MSAK28401 (=KCTC 43283 and MCCC 1k05448) represented a new member of the genus Planococcus and was named P. alpniumensis sp. nov. Moreover, genes involved in the degradation of aromatic compounds (e.g., salicylate, gentisate, and quinate) were found in the genome, implying that strain MSAK28401 has an aromatic compound as its potential metabolite. This work will help us understand the genomic characteristics and potential metabolic pathway of Planococcus from Antarctic krill.
CONCLUSIONS
This study reported the genomic information and phenotypic characteristics of the new strain P. alpniumensis MSAK28401 isolated from Antarctic krill, and provided the genome information of Planococcus strains for further studying the function roles in aromatic compound metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Antarctic Regions; Bacterial Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; Euphausiacea; Extremophiles; Fatty Acids; Genome, Bacterial; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Planococcus Bacteria; Secondary Metabolism; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 34686131
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02347-3 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2021The use of additives has generated significant attention due to their extensive application in the microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) process....
The use of additives has generated significant attention due to their extensive application in the microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) process. This study aims to discuss the effects of Na-montmorillonite (Na-MMT) on CaCO crystallization and sandy soil consolidation through the MICP process. Compared with the traditional MICP method, a larger amount of CaCO precipitate was obtained. Moreover, the reaction of Ca ions was accelerated, and bacteria were absorbed by a small amount of Na-MMT. Meanwhile, an increase in the total cementing solution (TCS) was not conducive to the previous reaction. This problem was solved by conducting the reaction with Na-MMT. The polymorphs and morphologies of the CaCO precipitates were tested by using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Further, when Na-MMT was used, the morphology of CaCO changed from an individual precipitate to agglomerations of the precipitate. Compared to the experiments without Na-MMT in the MICP process, the addition of Na-MMT significantly reduced the hydraulic conductivity (HC) of sandy soil consolidated.
Topics: Bentonite; Biotechnology; Calcium Carbonate; Chemical Precipitation; Crystallization; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Sand; Soil; Sporosarcina; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 34684789
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206211 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2021Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP)/Biocementation has emerged as a promising technique for soil engineering applications. There are chiefly two...
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP)/Biocementation has emerged as a promising technique for soil engineering applications. There are chiefly two methods by which MICP is applied for field applications including biostimulation and bioaugmentation. Although bioaugmentation strategy using efficient ureolytic biocementing culture of Sporosarcina pasteurii is widely practiced, the impact of native ureolytic microbial communities (NUMC) on CaCO mineralisation via S. pasteurii has not been explored. In this paper, we investigated the effect of different concentrations of NUMC on MICP kinetics and biomineral properties in the presence and absence of S. pasteurii. Kinetic analysis showed that the biocementation potential of S. pasteurii is sixfold higher than NUMC and is not significantly impacted even when the concentration of the NUMC is eight times higher. Micrographic results revealed a quick rate of CaCO precipitation by S. pasteurii leading to generation of smaller CaCO crystals (5-40 µm), while slow rate of CaCO precipitation by NUMC led to creation of larger CaCO crystals (35-100 µm). Mineralogical results showed the predominance of calcite phase in both sets. The outcome of current study is crucial for tailor-made applications of MICP.
Topics: Calcium Carbonate; Chemical Precipitation; Crystallization; Kinetics; Microbiota; Sporosarcina
PubMed: 34675302
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00315-5 -
Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A Feb 2022[H. Kurth, 1883. Ueber , eine neue Bakterienart. , 1, 97-100] was isolated on 10 unrelated laying hen farms over a period of 15 months. Farmers reported elevated...
[H. Kurth, 1883. Ueber , eine neue Bakterienart. , 1, 97-100] was isolated on 10 unrelated laying hen farms over a period of 15 months. Farmers reported elevated morbidity and mortality rates, and suspected colibacillosis based on the necropsy findings. The most frequently found lesions were perihepatitis, fibrinous peritonitis, salpingitis and oophoritis. Necropsy findings and bacteriological results allowed the diagnosis of colibacillosis. In addition, was isolated from the ovarian follicles (44.44%), liver (22.22%), peritoneum (16.67%), bone marrow (5.56%), spleen (5.56%), and duodenum (5.56%). On all farms, coinfection with was detected, while on some farms other common avian pathogens were found as well. In total, 18 strains were identified and phylogenetically analysed based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences. The results showed some variability of the strains originating from the same farm, although the overall phylogenetic diversity was low, regardless of the geographical location of the farm, age of the flock or date of collection. Embryo lethality assay showed is not able to cause a primary infection. We conclude that may play a role as an opportunistic pathogen for poultry. This is the first report of coinfection of and in laying hens. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS is a novel opportunistic pathogen in poultry.Phylogenetic analysis showed low genetic diversity of isolates.Embryo lethality assay showed does not cause primary infections.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Phylogeny; Planococcaceae; Poultry; Poultry Diseases; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34662527
DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.1993132