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Archives of Microbiology May 2020The highest number (35.1% of global incident cases) of new oropharyngeal (OP) and hypopharyngeal (HP) cancer cases was reported in South-Central Asia. The highest... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The highest number (35.1% of global incident cases) of new oropharyngeal (OP) and hypopharyngeal (HP) cancer cases was reported in South-Central Asia. The highest incidence of HP cancer in India was reported in East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya, Aizawl District of Mizoram, and Kamrup Urban District of Assam. HP and OP cancer showed the highest mortality rate, worst prognoses and the highest rate of nodal metastases and distant metastases. Thus, research is required to detect specific biomarkers for early prevention and diagnosis for these cancers. Oral microbiome signatures in saliva are considered as a potential diagnostic biomarker for OP and HP cancer. Bacterial profile alterations in OP and HP cancer have not been reported in India population, to establish the association of oral bacteria in the progression of OP and HP cancer; we studied bacterial communities in saliva of eight OP and seven HP cancer patients as compared to healthy controls using 16S rRNA V3-V4 region sequencing. The higher abundance of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Haemophilus influenzae and Prevotella copri and lower abundance of Rothia mucilaginosa, Aggregatibacter segnis, Veillonella dispar, Prevotella nanceiensis, Rothia aeria, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Neisseria bacilliformis, Prevotella nigrescens and Selenomonas noxia in saliva of OP and HP cancer patients may be considered as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for OP and HP cancer patients. Streptococcus anginosus may be considered as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for OP cancer patients only. Therefore, evaluation of salivary microbial biomarkers may be informative to understand the pathobiology and carcinogenesis of OP and HP cancer.
Topics: Bacteria; Biodiversity; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms; India; Male; Microbiota; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva
PubMed: 31832691
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01790-1 -
Journal of Cystic Fibrosis : Official... Mar 2020Prevotella spp. are frequently identified in Cystic Fibrosis sputum. This study examined whether infection with Prevotella nigrescens, a frequently identified member of...
Prevotella spp. are frequently identified in Cystic Fibrosis sputum. This study examined whether infection with Prevotella nigrescens, a frequently identified member of this species, contributes to inflammation in CF bronchial epithelial cells through activation of TLR- and NF-κB signalling pathways. CFBE41o- cells were infected with either P.nigrescens or Pseudomonas aeruginosa and incubated under anaerobic conditions for 4h. P.nigrescens activated TLR2 signalling but not TLR4 signalling while P.aeruginosa activated TLR4 signalling with a lesser effect on TLR2. P.aeruginosa induced significant IκBα phosphorylation 10min post infection with a return to control levels by 30min post infection. A significant induction in nuclear p65 DNA binding was observed at 2h post infection. In contrast, infection with P.nigrescens induced phosphorylation of IκBα 120min post infection, with significant induction in nuclear p65 DNA binding at 4h post infection only. Cytokine gene and protein responses were lower for P.nigrescens compared to P.aeruginosa. This study demonstrates the ability of a clinical P.nigrescens isolate to provoke a delayed NF-κB(p65) driven response through induction in TLR2 signalling and activation of sustained levels of IKKα.
Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Cells, Cultured; Cystic Fibrosis; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Inflammation; NF-kappa B; Prevotella nigrescens; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Respiratory Mucosa; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Transcription Factor RelA
PubMed: 31607634
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.09.005 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2019Type-2-Diabetes (T2D) and Periodontitis are major inflammatory diseases. However, not much is known about the specific subgingival microbiota in Mexicans with diabetes...
BACKGROUND
Type-2-Diabetes (T2D) and Periodontitis are major inflammatory diseases. However, not much is known about the specific subgingival microbiota in Mexicans with diabetes and metabolic dysbiosis. The aim of this study was to describe the subgingival microbiota of Mexicans with T2D and the different periodontal and metabolic conditions, through "Checkerboard" DNA-DNA hybridization.
METHODS
Subjects were divided into two groups-periodontal-health (PH) (PH_non-T2D; = 59, PH_T2D; = 14) and generalized-periodontitis (GP) (GP_non-T2D; = 67, GP_T2D; = 38). Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m) and serum levels of glycated-hemoglobin (HbA1c), total-lipids, triglycerides, total-cholesterol, high-density-lipids, and low-density-lipids were measured for the T2D individuals. Subgingival microbial identification was processed for 40 species through DNA-probes.
RESULTS
Subjects with T2D harbored significantly higher mean total levels (PH: < 0.001, and GP_NS), a lower proportion of "red" complex (GP: < 0.01), a higher proportion of "yellow" (GP; < 0.001), and "orange" (GP; < 0.01) complex than the non-T2D. GP_T2D individuals exhibited a greater proportion of putative-species- and ( < 0.001), and and ( < 0.01), than GP_non-T2D. T2D individuals with HbA1c > 8% had presented significantly higher mean pocket-depth and higher levels of ( < 0.05) and those with obesity or dyslipidemia harbored higher levels, prevalence, or proportion of sp., sp., and sp.
CONCLUSIONS
T2D individuals harbored a particular microbial profile different to non-T2D microbiota. Metabolic control was related to dysbiosis of microbiota-HbA1c>8% related to periodontitis and obesity or dyslipidemia with the predominance of saccharolytic bacteria, irrespective of their periodontal condition.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Campylobacter; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gingival Diseases; Humans; Male; Mexico; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Periodontitis
PubMed: 31480468
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173184 -
Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Oct 2019The aim of this clinical quality study was to determine whether the aseptic working field is maintained during the endodontic procedure. Bacterial samples were...
The aim of this clinical quality study was to determine whether the aseptic working field is maintained during the endodontic procedure. Bacterial samples were collected from the rubber dam of 27 patients during endodontic treatment performed by postgraduate students at the Department of Endodontics, University of Oslo. A bacterial sample was first obtained immediately after disinfection of the working field (A), and the second sample was collected just before obturation or dressing with calcium hydroxide cement (B). Aerobic cultivation technique and PCR were used for detection of bacterial growth and species. All samples were negative on culturing except in one case, which showed positive results with cultivation in both sample A and B. Specie detected with cultivation technique were . With PCR technique, 6 samples in 5 patients (11%), showed positive results. Species detected with PCR technique were and The present study showed that an aseptic working field was maintained throughout the endodontic procedure in 81% (22/27) of the cases after disinfection of the rubber dam.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Pulp Cavity; Endodontics; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 31094270
DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2019.1606935 -
Natural Product Research Nov 2020is a tree species that naturally occurs in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. This paper aims to investigate the chemical composition and antibacterial, antileishmanial and...
is a tree species that naturally occurs in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. This paper aims to investigate the chemical composition and antibacterial, antileishmanial and antiproliferative activities of essential oil from leaves (NM-EO). It displayed high antibacterial activity against , and . NM-EO also exhibited high antileishmanial activity against promastigote forms of . Its antiproliferative activity was evaluated against the following cells: GM07429A (normal cell), MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma) and M059J (human glioblastoma). Its major components, which were determined by GC-FID and GC-MS, were α-bisabolol (13.7%), bicyclogermacrene (10.9%), (,)-farnesene (10.6%), -caryophyllene (9.5%) and ()-β-farnesene (7.0%). These results suggest that , a Brazilian plant, shows initial evidence of a new and alternative source of substances of medicinal interest.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antiprotozoal Agents; Brazil; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Lauraceae; Leishmania; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes
PubMed: 31084218
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1608539 -
Skeletal Radiology Aug 2019Infection of costal cartilage is a rare observation. We report the case of a 43-year-old male patient without relevant history who presented with a progressive painful...
Infection of costal cartilage is a rare observation. We report the case of a 43-year-old male patient without relevant history who presented with a progressive painful swelling of the left chest wall since 4 months. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an abscess within the left ninth costal cartilage with surrounding reactive changes. A CT-guided biopsy was performed and the culture of the sample revealed the presence of Prevotella nigrescens. Musculoskeletal infections by Prevotella are rarely described in the literature, Prevotella oralis and Prevotella bivia being the most frequently observed pathogens. These infections usually originate from a hematogenous spread after thoracic surgery or dental procedure. In our patient, conservative treatment was chosen. A clinical improvement was noted after 1-month antibiotherapy, confirmed by short-term and 6-month imaging follow-up showing the complete disappearance of all previously observed abnormalities.
Topics: Adult; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Prevotella nigrescens; Tietze's Syndrome
PubMed: 30683976
DOI: 10.1007/s00256-019-3148-0 -
Natural Product Research Aug 2020In Brazilian folk medicine, is used to treat inflammatory conditions and to hasten wound repair. This paper aims to investigate the chemical composition and the...
In Brazilian folk medicine, is used to treat inflammatory conditions and to hasten wound repair. This paper aims to investigate the chemical composition and the antibacterial effects of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from leaves and ripe and unripe fruits against a representative panel of oral pathogens. The GC-FID and GC-MS analysis revealed that the major components determined in essential oils were myrcene (59.0%), β-elemene (17.2%), limonene (12.9%), spathulenol (12.6%), α-cubebene (11.6%), germacrene D (10.6%), -nerolidol (9.8%), and α-cadinol (8.8%). The essential oils of the ripe and unripe fruits showed the strongest antibacterial activity against the anaerobic bacteria (MIC = 50 µg/mL). The leaf essential oil displayed very promising activity against (MIC = 50 µg/mL) and (MIC = 62.5 µg/mL). The antibacterial activity of EOs against oral pathogens is also described for the first time. [Formula: see text].
Topics: Acyclic Monoterpenes; Alkenes; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burseraceae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane; Streptococcus mutans; Terpenes
PubMed: 30499330
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1536659