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BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024Emerging studies in humans have established the modulatory effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over primary somatosensory cortex (S1) on...
BACKGROUND
Emerging studies in humans have established the modulatory effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over primary somatosensory cortex (S1) on somatosensory cortex activity and perception. However, to date, research in this area has primarily focused on the hand and fingers, leaving a gap in our understanding of the modulatory effects of rTMS on somatosensory perception of the orofacial system and speech articulators.
OBJECTIVE
The present study aimed to examine the effects of different types of theta-burst stimulation-continuous TBS (cTBS), intermittent TBS (iTBS), or sham-over the tongue representation of left S1 on tactile acuity of the tongue.
METHODS
In a repeated-measures design, fifteen volunteers participated in four separate sessions, where cTBS, iTBS, sham, or no stimulation was applied over the tongue representation of left S1. Effects of TBS were measured on both temporal and spatial perceptual acuity of tongue using a custom vibrotactile stimulator.
RESULTS
CTBS significantly impaired spatial amplitude threshold at the time window of 16-30 minutes after stimulation, while iTBS improved it at the same time window. The effect of iTBS, however, was smaller than cTBS. In contrast, neither cTBS nor iTBS had any effect on the temporal discrimination threshold.
CONCLUSIONS
The current study establishes the validity of using TBS to modulate somatosensory perception of the orofacial system. Directly modifying somatosensation in the orofacial system has the potential to benefit clinical populations with abnormal tactile acuity, improve our understanding of the role of sensory systems in speech production, and enhance speech motor learning and rehabilitation.
HIGHLIGHTS
Theta-burst stimulation (TBS) can modulate somatosensation in the orofacial systemcTBS over S1 impaired spatial acuity of tongueiTBS over S1 improved spatial acuity of tongue.
PubMed: 38948808
DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.599457 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024Spinal circuitry produces the rhythm and patterning of locomotion. However, both descending and sensory inputs are required to initiate and adapt locomotion to the...
Spinal circuitry produces the rhythm and patterning of locomotion. However, both descending and sensory inputs are required to initiate and adapt locomotion to the environment. Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts descending controls of the spinal cord, producing paralysis. Epidural stimulation (ES) is a promising clinical therapy for motor control recovery and is capable of reactivating the lumbar spinal locomotor networks, yet little is known about the effects of ES on locomotor neurons. Previously, we found that both sensory afferent pathways and serotonin exert mixed excitatory and inhibitory actions on lumbar interneurons involved in the generation of the locomotor rhythm, identified by the transcription factor Shox2. However, after chronic complete SCI, sensory afferent inputs to Shox2 interneurons become almost exclusively excitatory and Shox2 interneurons are supersensitive to serotonin. Here, we investigated the effects of ES on these SCI-induced changes. Inhibitory input from sensory pathways to Shox2 interneurons was maintained and serotonin supersensitivity was not observed in SCI mice that received daily sub-motor threshold ES. Interestingly, the effects of ES were maintained for at least three weeks after the ES was discontinued. In contrast, the effects of ES were not observed in Shox2 interneurons from mice that received ES after the establishment of the SCI-induced changes. Our results demonstrate mechanistic actions of ES at the level of identified spinal locomotor circuit neurons and the effectiveness of early treatment with ES on preservation of spinal locomotor circuitry after SCI, suggesting possible therapeutic benefits prior to the onset of motor rehabilitation.
PubMed: 38948733
DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.18.599598 -
Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine... Jun 2024
PubMed: 38948656
DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2024.96257 -
Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine... Jun 2024This study aimed to investigate the publication rates of physical medicine and rehabilitation specialty training theses, which are required to complete a residency in...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the publication rates of physical medicine and rehabilitation specialty training theses, which are required to complete a residency in Türkiye, and determine the factors that affect publication.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Residency theses involved in this descriptive study were detected from the database of Higher Education Council Thesis Center (tez.yok.gov.tr) between January 2010 and December 2020. Publication of theses and date of publication were investigated by the writer's and supervisor's names on PubMed and Google Scholar.
RESULTS
Three hundred eighty-eight of 1,130 theses were turned into publications. Two hundred seventy-seven (24.5%) were published in SCI (Science Citation Index)/SCI Expanded indexed journals. The publication rates of residents were 47.1% in private universities, 34.2% in public universities, and 32.3% in training and research hospitals. The trainees who published their theses were more likely to become associate and assistant professors.
CONCLUSION
Although approximately one-third of the theses defended were published, this rate is insufficient for sharing the knowledge. Considering that publishing their theses affected the residents' current academic careers positively, supervisors should provide the residents supportive facilitation to give the knowledge in research and publish their theses.
PubMed: 38948653
DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2024.12995 -
Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine... Jun 2024This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of local ozone (O) injection versus corticosteroid injection in the treatment of mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of local ozone (O) injection versus corticosteroid injection in the treatment of mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
This double-blind randomized controlled trial was performed on 42 patients (9 males, 33 females; mean age: 46.7±2.1 years; range, 18 to 70 years) with mild to moderate CTS between May 2021 and June 2021. The corticosteroid group (n=21) was injected with 40 mg triamcinolone, and in the O group B (n=21), 4 mL of a 10 mcg/mL oxygen (O)-O mixture was injected. Symptom severity and functional impairments were assessed using a Visual Analog Scale and Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. Electrodiagnostic and ultrasonographic parameters were obtained at baseline and eight weeks after the procedure.
RESULTS
The O-O solution improved pain and Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire score after eight weeks (p<0.001); however, the change was nonsignificant compared to the corticosteroid group (p>0.05). Sensory nerve and compound muscle action potential latencies were not significantly changed eight weeks after O-O injection (p>0.05), while both were significantly decreased in the steroid injection group (p<0.001). Volar bulging and median nerve cross-section surface area were not improved after O-O injection, while the improvement was significant in the corticosteroid arm (p=0.02).
CONCLUSION
Symptoms in patients with mild to moderate CTS may be alleviated by local O-O injection; however, electrodiagnostic and ultrasonographic indices may be unchanged. Corticosteroid local injection may alleviate patient symptoms along with electrodiagnostic and ultrasonographic parameters.
PubMed: 38948651
DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2024.12590 -
Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine... Jun 2024This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the combined hydrolyzed type 2 collagen, methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), glucosamine sulfate (GS), and chondroitin sulfate (CS)...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the combined hydrolyzed type 2 collagen, methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), glucosamine sulfate (GS), and chondroitin sulfate (CS) supplement on knee pain intensity in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
This multicenter, observational, noninterventional study included 98 patients (78 females, 20 males; mean age: 52.8±6.5 years; range, 40 to 64 years) who had Grade 1-3 knee OA between May 2022 and November 2022. The patients were prescribed the combination of hydrolyzed type 2 collagen, MSM, GS, and CS as a supplement for knee OA. The sachet form of the combined supplement containing 1250 mg hydrolyzed type 2 collagen, 750 mg MSM, 750 mg GS, and 400 mg CS was used once daily for two consecutive months. Patients were evaluated according to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Visual Analog Scale (VAS)-pain, and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Patients were scheduled to visit for follow-up four weeks (Visit 2) and eight weeks (Visit 3) after Visit 1 (baseline; day 0 of the study).
RESULTS
For the VAS-pain, WOMAC, WOMAC-subscale, and HAQ scores, the differences in improvement between the three visits were significant (p<0.001 for all). The patient compliance with the supplement was a median of 96.77%, both for Visit 2 and Visit 3.
CONCLUSION
The combination of hydrolyzed type 2 collagen, MSM, GS, and CS for eight weeks in knee OA was considered an effective and safe nutritional supplement.
PubMed: 38948650
DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2024.13735 -
Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine... Jun 2024
Response to Letter to the Editor: The effect of Tecar therapy on neurological disorders and nerve conduction velocity of lower limbs in peripheral neuropathy of type 2 diabetic patients: A six-week follow-up study.
PubMed: 38948649
DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2024.96258 -
Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine... Jun 2024The study aimed to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise applied with bodyweight-supported treadmill (BWSTT) or cycle ergometer (CE) in Parkinson's patients.
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise applied with bodyweight-supported treadmill (BWSTT) or cycle ergometer (CE) in Parkinson's patients.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
In the prospective single-blind study, 38 Parkinson's patients with Hoehn-Yahr Stage 1-3 were randomized into the CE and BWSTT groups between May 2019 and March 2020. Evaluations before and after six weeks of treatment included a six-min walking test with a software device as the primary outcome and functional balance tests (Tinetti balance and gait test, one-leg stance balance test) as secondary outcomes. Both groups received 40 min of aerobic exercise three days per week with conventional rehabilitation and various methods. CE and BWSTT groups were created. The aerobic exercise program was designed based on treatment recommendations for Parkinson's patients of the American College of Sports Medicine (CE test, with the Karvonen formula, 40-60% reserve). Posttreatment and pretreatment evaluations were compared within and between groups.
RESULTS
The six-week aerobic exercise program was completed by 16 participants (9 males, 7 females; mean age: 65.9±8.1; range, 47 to 78 years) in the CE group and 15 participants (9 males, 6 females; mean age: 62.5±7.5; range, 49 to 79 years) in the BWSTT group. The demographic characteristics of the patients were similar. Primary and secondary outcomes were significantly different after treatment than before treatment in both groups. There were no significant differences between the groups in outcomes.
CONCLUSION
The results showed that both methods are effective and not superior to each other. Aerobic exercise programs led by experienced clinicians can benefit patients.
PubMed: 38948648
DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2024.11991 -
Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine... Jun 2024What is expected from neuroprotection is to inhibit neuronal death and halt or decelerate the neuronal loss to lower the mortality rates, decrease disability, and... (Review)
Review
What is expected from neuroprotection is to inhibit neuronal death and halt or decelerate the neuronal loss to lower the mortality rates, decrease disability, and improve the quality of life following an acute ischemic stroke. Several agents were described as neuroprotective up to date; however, there is still debate which to use in the neurorehabilitation of stroke patients, in terms of both efficacy and also safety. In this review, we discuss the agents, citicoline, cerebrolysin and MLC901 (NeuroAiD II), the three agents which have started to be used frequently in neurorehabilitation clinics recently in the light of the current literature.
PubMed: 38948647
DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2024.15287 -
Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine... Jun 2024
PubMed: 38948645
DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2024.15282