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Phytomedicine Plus : International... Nov 2023Moringa ( Lam.) seed extract (MSE) and its primary bioactive compound, moringa isothiocyanate-1(MIC-1), mitigate inflammation, oxidative stress, diabetes, and cancer in...
BACKGROUND
Moringa ( Lam.) seed extract (MSE) and its primary bioactive compound, moringa isothiocyanate-1(MIC-1), mitigate inflammation, oxidative stress, diabetes, and cancer in the rodent models following oral application.
PURPOSE
To investigate the topical anti-inflammatory activity of MSE and purified MIC-1 in a TPA-induced mouse ear edema model.
STUDY DESIGN
The present study elucidates the topical anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of action of MSE, containing 38% of MIC-1 and purified MIC-1 using a mouse ear edema model utilizing 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), as the pro-inflammatory agent.
METHODS
A time-dependent and dose-dependent response was determined by pretreating CD-1 mice with various doses of MSE and MIC-1, positive control, dexamethasone, or vehicle control, followed by TPA, and the subsequent difference in ear thickness was measured using digital Vernier calipers. The effective doses of MSE and MIC-1were then selected to evaluate the change in weight of the ears using 6 mm biopsy punches and the results were confirmed by microscopy. Inflammatory markers were quantified with Luminex multiplex immunoassay.
RESULTS
MSE and MIC-1 were effective in a dose-dependent manner in a TPA-induced ear edema model, causing a reduction in ear thickness and a 48% and 49% decrease in ear punch weight, respectively. MSE and MIC-1 also caused a reduction in the levels of cytokine and chemokines, interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) in the ear tissue. MSE and MIC-1 reduced IL-6 expression by 84% and 78%, MCP1 by 74% and 73%, and KC by 56% and 43%, respectively. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effect of MSE and MIC-1 was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, used to assess the thickness of the ear swelling. MSE significantly reduced the thickness of the ears by 20% compared to TPA.
CONCLUSION
These results reveal the topical anti-inflammatory properties of MSE, and MIC-1 likely transmitted via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways as mentioned in previous studies. This work also suggests therapeutic uses of MSE and/or MIC-1 for skin inflammation.
PubMed: 38037612
DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2023.100479 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2023Investigation on food allocation among nestlings of altricial birds is crucial in understanding parent-offspring conflicts within avian families. However, there is no...
Investigation on food allocation among nestlings of altricial birds is crucial in understanding parent-offspring conflicts within avian families. However, there is no consensus in empirical studies regarding whether parents or offspring determine the food allocation pattern within a brood. In the Plain Laughingthrush (), we examine the relationship between parental feeding strategies and nestling begging behaviors. Due to hatching asynchrony, larger nestlings have a competitive advantage in food acquisition over their smaller brood-mates; nevertheless, if the initial food-receivers were already satiated and did not immediately consume the food, parents would retrieve the food and re-allocate it to another nestling. This re-feeding tactic employed by parents reduced the likelihood of early-hatched nestlings monopolizing the food solely due to their larger body size. Our findings indicate that parents primarily allocated food based on nestling begging intensity, while their re-feeding tactic is determined by whether the first food-receivers have consumed the food. To date, our research demonstrates that while parental food allocation primarily hinges on the begging intensity of the nestlings, the decision to re-feed is contingent upon whether the initial recipients of the food ingest it immediately.
PubMed: 38003140
DOI: 10.3390/ani13223522 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Nov 2023The size and shape of a tooth vary between individuals of different ethnic groups and genders because of the influence of different genetic factors. The information...
The size and shape of a tooth vary between individuals of different ethnic groups and genders because of the influence of different genetic factors. The information regarding the different anatomical factors using maxillary anterior teeth is very scanty. Thus to give more clarity, a study was planned to assess the correlation between head circumference and tooth-mesiodistal width among children of different ethnic origins.The study was carried out on 210 children aged 7 to 12 years in schools at Abha, Saudi Arabia.The mesiodistal (MD) width of the central incisor was measured using a digital vernier caliper. A Meter tape ruler was used to measure the Head/Cephalic dimensions. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS 20.0, and the results were analyzed. It was found that mean MD tooth width and head circumference were maximum in Saudi children, followed by South Asian and Arab/African, with an insignificant statistical difference (-value > 0.05). Correlation between MD dimensions of maxillary central incisor with head circumference was statistically significant (-value < 0.05) among Saudi and South Asian populations, whereas statistically insignificant (-value > 0.05) difference between Saudi and Arab/African populations. It was concluded that there exist the ethnic differences between tooth-mesiodistal width and head circumference dimensions of children. A positive correlation between head circumference and mesiodistal width of the central incisor was determined.
Topics: Child; Humans; Male; Female; Incisor; Cross-Sectional Studies; Population Groups; Ethnicity; Cephalometry; Maxilla; Odontometry
PubMed: 37997236
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.044 -
F1000Research 2022The objective of this anatomical study was to perform the morphometry of dried lumbar vertebrae in human cadavers.
BACKGROUND
The objective of this anatomical study was to perform the morphometry of dried lumbar vertebrae in human cadavers.
METHODS
This study utilized 200 adult human cadaveric dried lumbar vertebrae. The digital Vernier calipers was used to perform the measurements. The height, antero-posterior length, transverse length of the body of the vertebrae, interpedicular distance at the lateral ends, lamina length, height and thickness, superior and inferior articular facet height and width, mid sagittal and transverse diameter of vertebral foramen, height, width and thickness of the pars inter-articularis were measured.
RESULTS
The vertebral body's anteroposterior length was more at the lower border than at the superior border ( 0.01). The length of lamina was higher over the right in comparison to the left (p < 0.001). The height of lamina, width of inferior articular facet, diameter of lateral recess and thickness of pars inter-articularis were greater for the left sided specimens ( 0.01). The statistical significance was not observed for the comparison of the remaining parameters ( 0.05).
CONCLUSION
This anatomical study offered several dimensions of lumbar vertebrae, which are essential in the surgical practice. The implants at the lumbar vertebrae need to be manufactured based on the anatomical dimensions of that particular sample population.
PubMed: 37990689
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.126879.2 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jan 2024Prabchompoothaweep (PCT) is a Thai remedy which is composed of 23 herbs and has been added onto the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) of Thailand. This remedy...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Prabchompoothaweep (PCT) is a Thai remedy which is composed of 23 herbs and has been added onto the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) of Thailand. This remedy has been used to treat allergic rhinitis and asthma in Thai traditional medicine for many years. Furthermore, a few studies have reported anti-allergic, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
AIM OF THE STUDY
This study aims to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of PCT extract in an animal model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The animal model of acute inflammation was studied over a 24-h period, utilizing the method of carrageenan-induced paw oedema. In addition, sub-acute inflammation was examined over 7 days, using the formalin-induced paw oedema method. The treatment groups received PCT extracts, via the oral route, at 1-h prior to injection and then the sub plantar of the rat right paw was injected with the named substances to generate paw oedema. The paw thickness was measured by vernier caliper at regular intervals after injection. At the end of experiment, the blood and paw tissues were collected for measurement of pro-inflammatory cytokines and histological examination respectively.
RESULTS
In acute inflammation, all doses of PCT extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg p.o.) significantly reduced paw thickness after the first 3 h in a dose-dependent manner and the percentage of inhibition was 38.7%, 47.8% and 49.5% respectively. The pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β, statistically decreased with all doses of the extracts. However, the histological examination did not reveal significant results due to the short time duration. As regards to sub-acute inflammation, all doses of PCT extract significantly reduced paw thickness with 12.78%, 23.64% and 35.78%, in a dose dependent manner. Also, the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) significantly decreased at day 7. Interestingly, the histological examination of paw tissue demonstrated reductions of mononuclear infiltrations of inflammatory cells, this was observed in the group receiving PCT extracts, also in a dose-dependent manner.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, PCT exerted anti-inflammatory activity in an animal model of acute and sub-acute inflammation, suggesting that it could be used as a new source for treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Carrageenan; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Edema; Inflammation; Plant Extracts; Thailand; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 37925003
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117380 -
Understanding the Columnar Lined Esophagus and Its Variations in Length With Age: A Cadaveric Study.Cureus Sep 2023Introduction Columnar lined epithelium (CLE) of the esophagus holds particular importance in diagnosing Barrett's esophagus (BE). In Asia, the prevalence of BE ranges...
Introduction Columnar lined epithelium (CLE) of the esophagus holds particular importance in diagnosing Barrett's esophagus (BE). In Asia, the prevalence of BE ranges from 0.06% to 6.2%. In India, prevalence estimates vary from 2.6% to 23%. The frequency of esophageal adenocarcinoma has also been observed to be increasing alarmingly over the past few decades. The length of CLE as a criterion for diagnosing BE is the subject of considerable debate. Changes in CLE length among different age groups may exist. Our study aims to measure the length of CLE, or the distance between the angle of His and the Z Line (AZ distance), in normal individuals from Northeast India, and to analyze its variation across different age groups. Materials and methods The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy and the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology at Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India, during the period 2017-2019. Once opened, each specimen was laid flat on a board. The distance between the A and Z lines was measured using a pair of vernier calipers. This distance was recorded as the AZ distance in millimeters (mm). Results The mean AZ Distance was found to be 12.4 ± 5.3 mm. A significant correlation between age and AZ distance was observed. Conclusion Our present study suggests that the length of the CLE increases with age. This observation offers an opportunity to revisit or revise the diagnostic criteria based on CLE length, taking into account the age of the individual.
PubMed: 37900420
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46095 -
Journal of Taibah University Medical... Feb 2024Identification of humans has medicolegal relevance in civil issues involving property inheritance, marriage, contested sex, admission to educational institutions, and...
OBJECTIVES
Identification of humans has medicolegal relevance in civil issues involving property inheritance, marriage, contested sex, admission to educational institutions, and the disappearance of individuals. To determine the sex of human remains, forensic anthropologists usually use morphologic and metric approaches. This study was conducted to determine stature and sex according to mandibular dimensions in postmortem autopsy samples.
METHODS
A total of 150 mandibles from people 18-65 years of age were studied. Stature and sex were noted, and six mandibular measurements were taken with Vernier calipers, flexible measuring tape, a protractor, and a graduated autopsy table. Statistical analysis of the measured parameters was conducted in SPSS software. Statistical parameters, such as mean, standard deviation, Spearman's correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression, stepwise regression, and Mann-Whitney U test were analyzed.
RESULTS
Bicondylar width was the stature estimation predictor with the strongest correlation (r = 0.439). The other parameters significantly associated with stature were bigonial width (p = 0.000), mandibular angle (p = 0.004), and mandibular arch length (p = 0.000), according to Spearman's correlation coefficient. The mandibular angle had the greatest dimorphic statistical significance (p = 0.004) according to the Mann-Whitney U test.
CONCLUSION
Bicondylar width may serve as a valuable tool for estimating stature, and mandibular angle can be used to identify sex. Our findings may help forensic anthropologists estimate stature and identify human remains.
PubMed: 37868104
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.09.007 -
Early Human Development Nov 2023Digit ratio (2D:4D) is considered a biomarker of prenatal androgen activity, the prenatal hormone exposure may affect children's psychology and behavior.
BACKGROUND
Digit ratio (2D:4D) is considered a biomarker of prenatal androgen activity, the prenatal hormone exposure may affect children's psychology and behavior.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between 2D:4D ratio and behavior problems in Chinese preschool children, and to provide ideas for early intervention of children's behavior problems.
METHODS
A total of 548 Chinese preschool children aged 3-6 years were recruited using a stratified cluster sampling method. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to assess the children's behavior. Basic information of the children and their parents was also collected, finger length was directly measured by electronic vernier caliper.
RESULTS
We found that sex and age of the child, mother's educational level, and whether the child was an only child were the influencing factors of behavior problems (P < 0.05). Right-handed 2D:4D was negatively correlated with parent-reported anxiety/depression (P < 0.05), father-reported aggression (P < 0.05) and attention problems (P < 0.01), that is, high levels of testosterone may increase the risk of anxiety and depression, our results were in contrast to previous studies.
CONCLUSION
The 2D:4D ratio may be related to behavior problems among Chinese preschool children, and prenatal testosterone exposure may be an important factor affecting behavior problems.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Androgens; Cross-Sectional Studies; East Asian People; Fingers; Problem Behavior; Testosterone; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
PubMed: 37797473
DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105871 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Sep 2023: This study was planned to investigate the anti-arthritic property of flowers of in a Sprague-Dawley rat model by administering Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA). :...
: This study was planned to investigate the anti-arthritic property of flowers of in a Sprague-Dawley rat model by administering Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA). : Arthritis was induced at day 0 in all rats except negative controls, while arthritic progress and paw edema were analyzed on specific days (8th, 13th, 18th, and 23rd) via the macroscopic arthritic scale and a digital Vernier caliper, respectively. Histopathological parameters were examined using a Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining method. Blood samples were withdrawn from rats to investigate the effects of the flower on the mRNA expression values of inflammatory markers, via a reverse transcription PCR technique. Serum samples were used to determine prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Values of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, and urea, besides hematological parameters, i.e., the hemoglobin (Hb) content and complete blood count (CBC), were investigated. : The data showed that inhibited the arthritic progress and ameliorated the paw edema. The amelioration of parameters assessed via the histopathological analysis of ankle joints, as well as via hematological analysis, confirmed the diminution of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the plant-treated groups. Treatment with inhibited the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6), nuclear factor KappaB (NF-κB), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and MMP-3), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Serum PGE2 levels were also found to be reduced in treatment groups. A biochemical investigation revealed the improvements in hepatic markers in plant-treated groups. The data indicated that the plant has no hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic effects at the studied dose. GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) analysis displayed the presence of phytochemicals having known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. : Therefore, it may be concluded that possesses anti-arthritic characteristics that could be attributed to the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MMPs, and PGE2 levels.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Cytokines; Eichhornia; Dinoprostone; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Metalloproteases; Arthritis, Rheumatoid
PubMed: 37763713
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091594 -
European Review For Medical and... Sep 2023The aim of this study was to compare the scanning accuracy of two different intra-oral scanners- MEDIT i500 and TRIOS 3 shape in reproducing orthodontic bracket...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to compare the scanning accuracy of two different intra-oral scanners- MEDIT i500 and TRIOS 3 shape in reproducing orthodontic bracket dimensions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This in vivo cross-sectional study comprised seven subjects with a full complement of permanent dentition without third molars. Complete arch scanning was carried out with two intraoral scanners, such as MEDIT i500, TRIOS 3 shape, after bonding with brackets. The control group consisted of bracket dimensions measured directly by using Vernier calipers before bonding. Bracket dimensions of three-dimensional (3D) images were measured by using OrthoAnalyzer software. The accuracy of intraoral scanning was investigated by comparing bracket dimensions among the three groups using One-way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey HSD test, and by evaluating outcomes for each quadrant and an individual tooth in complete-arch scans.
RESULTS
When comparing bracket dimensions of 3D images with manual measurements using a traditional Vernier caliper, MEDIT i500 showed no significant difference when compared to the control group (p>0.05) in full arch scanning as well as the quadrant and single tooth scans in complete arch scanning. TRIOS 3 shape showed a significant difference when compared to the control and MEDIT i500 group (p<0.05) for all parameters.
CONCLUSIONS
MEDIT i500 showed higher accuracy and better reproduction of orthodontic bracket dimensions than TRIOS 3 shape.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Orthodontic Brackets; Molar, Third; Object Attachment; Radionuclide Imaging
PubMed: 37750618
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202309_33548