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Open Veterinary Journal Jan 2024Mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) usage in fish production has drawn more attention because of their positive benefits on disease resistance and fish performance.
Ameliorative effect of BIO-MOS as a dietary supplementation on growth performance, physiological response, oxidative status, and immunity-linked gene expression in Nile tilapia () fingerlings challenged with .
BACKGROUND
Mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) usage in fish production has drawn more attention because of their positive benefits on disease resistance and fish performance.
AIM
The ongoing research was executed to assess the potential advantages of Bio-Mos dietary supplementation regarding the growth outcomes, physiological response, oxidative biomarkers, and immunity-linked gene expression in Nile tilapia () fingerlings exposed to bacterial infection with .
METHODS
Four experimental diets were developed using a 30% protein baseline diet, with Bio-Mos added at variable levels; 0.0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg, respectively. 240 healthy Nile tilapia fingerlings were split into 4 groups at random and assigned to 12 glass aquariums (three replicates of 20 fish/treatment). Diets were admitted at a 3% rate of fish biomass/aquarium for 8 weeks. Following the feeding trial, fish from every treatment were intraperitoneally injected with pathogenic , and then observed for 15 days to record the survival rate percent (SR%) post challenge.
RESULTS
Results revealed significant improvement in growth performance, physiological response, immunological parameters (phagocytic index, phagocytic activity, and lysozyme), and antioxidant parameters [catalase, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] among Bio-Mos treated groups. Moreover, Bio-Mos increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and Interleukin 1β, genes linked to the liver immune system. Growth-related genes (), antioxidant-related genes (SOD and GSH-Px). In fish subjected to pathogens, dietary MOS supplementation could significantly lower oxidative stress, showing promise as a preventative supplement for Nile tilapia in place of antibiotics. On the other hand, Bio-Mos considerably improved each of the three intestinal morphological measures (villus width, villus length, and crypt depth), showing the best overall intestinal structure-improving impact. The challenge with caused marked degenerative alterations in the intestine, hepatopancreas, spleen, and posterior kidney of Nile tilapia, in the control group. However, lesion severity was greatly decreased and showed marked amelioration with an increased concentration of Bio-Mos. The -challenged groups revealed a 100% SR% mainly among the Bio-Mos supplemented groups.
CONCLUSION
It is recommended to enrich the Nile tilapia fingerlings diets with 2 g.kg of MOS for better results on the growth rate, physiological response, immunological response, and intestinal absorptive capacity.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Aeromonas hydrophila; Cichlids; Dietary Supplements; Superoxide Dismutase; Oxidative Stress; Gene Expression
PubMed: 38633169
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i1.11 -
Open Veterinary Journal Jan 2024Organic selenium (Sel-Plex) supplementation holds considerable promise for improving the effectiveness of fish production.
Impact of Sel-Plex dietary supplementation on growth performance, physiological response, oxidative status, and immunity-linked gene expression in Nile tilapia () fingerlings challenged with .
BACKGROUND
Organic selenium (Sel-Plex) supplementation holds considerable promise for improving the effectiveness of fish production.
AIM
This experiment was accomplished to judge the potential benefits of Sel-Plex nutritional additive on growth outcomes, physiological response, oxidative status, and immunity-linked gene expression in Nile tilapia () fingerlings exposed to bacterial infection with .
METHODS
Utilizing a basal diet of 30% protein, four experimental diets were prepared, each of which contained Sel-Plex at concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg, respectively. Three replicates of 20 fish/treatment were used using 240 healthy Nile tilapia fingerlings. Fish were placed in 12 glass aquariums and separated into 4 groups at random. For the entire span of 8 weeks, diets were admitted to fish at a 3% rate of fish biomass/aquarium. After the feeding trial, pathogenic was intraperitoneally injected into fish of each treatment, and fish were observed for 15 days to track the survival rate (SR) after the challenge.
RESULTS
Growth performance, physiological response, immunological parameters (phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, and lysozyme), and antioxidant parameters [catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] were noticeably improved in Sel-Plex treated groups. Moreover, Sel-Plex increased gene expression linked with the immune system in the liver (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 1β), to growth (insulin-like growth factor 1 and growth hormone receptor), and antioxidants (SOD and GPx). Under pathogen-challenge conditions, the employed dietary Sel-Plex supplementation could successfully lower fish oxidative stress, offering a potential preventive additive for Nile tilapia instead of antibiotics. On the other hand, Sel-Plex significantly enhanced each of three intestinal morphological measurements (villus width, villus length, and crypt depth), demonstrating the greatest influence on the improvement of intestinal structure overall. In the Nile tilapia control group, the infection with caused noticeable degenerative alterations in the gut, hepatopancreas, spleen, and posterior kidney. The severity of the lesion was significantly reduced and significantly improved with higher Sel-Plex concentrations. Sel-Plex supplemented groups had 100% SRs among the -challenged groups.
CONCLUSION
It could be advised to enrich the diets of Nile tilapia fingerlings with 1-2 mg.kg of Sel-Plex to enhance growth rate, physiological response, immunological reaction, and intestinal absorptive capacity.
Topics: Animals; Aeromonas hydrophila; Cichlids; Disease Resistance; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Dietary Supplements; Antioxidants; Superoxide Dismutase; Oxidative Stress; Gene Expression
PubMed: 38633150
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i1.8 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2024The growing increase in the fish farming sector has favored the establishment of bacterial outbreaks caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in several species. The hexane...
The growing increase in the fish farming sector has favored the establishment of bacterial outbreaks caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in several species. The hexane extract of Hesperozygis ringens (HEHR) (Lamiaceae) leaves increased the survival rate of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) experimentally infected by A. hydrophila. However, it is noteworthy that no reports have been found on the possible mechanisms of action of this extract in infected fish. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the HEHR, administered through single immersion bath, on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defenses in muscle and liver tissue of silver catfish challenged with A. hydrophila. The results showed that the oxidative status of silver catfish was altered, although oxidative stress was not triggered during the experiment. HEHR at 30 mg/L (HEHR30) was not characterized as a pro-oxidant agent in the presence of infection, unlike florfenicol and HEHR at 15 mg/L treatments in some cases. In short, HEHR30 provided an important increase in hepatic catalase activity, characterizing one of the possible mechanisms involved in the greater survival of fish experimentally infected by A. hydrophila. Additionally, HEHR30 did not induce lipid peroxidation, nor reduced antioxidant defenses of silver catfish infected or not by A. hydrophila.
Topics: Animals; Aeromonas hydrophila; Antioxidants; Catfishes; Hexanes; Immersion; Lamiaceae; Oxidation-Reduction; Fish Diseases; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 38597489
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230188 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Mar 2024Necrotizi ng fasciit is [NF] i s a m ultifaceted disease of the muscle fascia and body tissues which demands the earliest intervention. Past reviews have documented ver...
Necrotizi ng fasciit is [NF] i s a m ultifaceted disease of the muscle fascia and body tissues which demands the earliest intervention. Past reviews have documented ver y few cases of Aeromonas Hydroph ila [AH] induced N F fol lo wing abdominal surgery. AH can cause fatal NF as seen in a 72 year old female patient reported at Liaquat National Hospital &Medical College; a ter tiary care center in Karachi, Pakistan on 2nd April, 2022. She had a k nown comorbidity of hypertension and presented with the chief complaint of symptomatic gallstones for which she unde rwent Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LAPCHOL). She developed NF of the lower ab domen post- oper atively. Following uneventful Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy our pati ent presented to the ER two days later with severe lower abdo minal pain and overlyi ng celluliti s. Fasc io to my revealed extensive myonecrosis with necrotizing soft tissue in fe ction. Despite u ndergoing extensive surgical debr idement and broad spectr um antibi ot ic administration; the patient died in the ICU on the fifth postoperat ive day followi ng septic complications. Histopathologica l an alysis, confirmed i nflammat ion and necrosis. Culture sensitivity of the debrided tissue revealed AH. Approach should lie towards analyzing the behaviour of such microbes in high risk patients through collective case studies. This is the first clinical case showcasing such parameters e ncountered in the General Surger y Department.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aged; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Aeromonas hydrophila; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; Comorbidity; Gallstones
PubMed: 38591302
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.9344 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Bacterial biofilm is a well-known characteristic that plays important roles in diverse physiological functions, whereas the current intrinsic regulatory mechanism of its...
INTRODUCTION
Bacterial biofilm is a well-known characteristic that plays important roles in diverse physiological functions, whereas the current intrinsic regulatory mechanism of its formation is still largely unknown.
METHODS
In the present study, a label-free based quantitative proteomics technology was conducted to compare the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between and the wild-type strain in the biofilm state.
RESULTS
The results showed that the deletion of gene uidR encoding a TetR transcriptional regulator significantly increased the biofilm formation in . And there was a total of 220 DEPs, including 120 up-regulated proteins and 100 down-regulated proteins between and the wild-type strain based on the quantitative proteomics. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that may affect bacterial biofilm formation by regulating some related proteins in glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid pathway. The expressions of selected proteins involved in this pathway were further confirmed by q-PCR assay, and the results was in accordance with the quantitative proteomics data. Moreover, the deletion of four genes ( and ) related to the glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid pathway lead to a significant decrease in the biofilm formation.
DISCUSSION
Thus, the results indicated that involved in the regulatory of bacterial biofilm formation, and it may provide a potential target for the drug development and a new clue for the prevention of pathogenic in the future.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Aeromonas hydrophila; Proteomics; Biofilms; Glyoxylates
PubMed: 38585655
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1380747 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024This study was divided into two parts. The first part involved the isolation, and detection of the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Aeromonas...
This study was divided into two parts. The first part involved the isolation, and detection of the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio species from Nile tilapia fish and marine aquatic water. One hundred freshly dead Nile tilapia fish were collected from freshwater aquaculture fish farms located in Al-Abbassah district, Sharkia Governorate, and 100 samples of marine aquatic water were collected from fish farms in Port Said. The second part of the study focused on determining the in vitro inhibitory effect of dual-combination of AgNPs-H2O2 on bacterial growth and its down regulatory effect on crucial virulence factors using RT-PCR. The highest levels of A. hydrophila and P. aeruginosa were detected in 43%, and 34% of Nile tilapia fish samples, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest level of Vibrio species was found in 37% of marine water samples. Additionally, most of the isolated A. hydrophila, P. aeruginosa and Vibrio species exhibited a multi-drug resistance profile. The MIC and MBC results indicated a bactericidal effect of AgNPs-H2O2. Furthermore, a transcriptional modulation effect of AgNPs-H2O2 on the virulence-associated genes resulted in a significant down-regulation of aerA, exoU, and trh genes in A. hydrophila, P. aeruginosa, and Vibrio spp., respectively. The findings of this study suggest the effectiveness of AgNPs-H2O2 against drug resistant pathogens related to aquaculture.
Topics: Animals; Hydrogen Peroxide; Silver; Fisheries; Metal Nanoparticles; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cichlids; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Water; Fish Diseases; Aeromonas hydrophila
PubMed: 38575637
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58349-4 -
PloS One 2024This study aimed to investigate AMR profiles of Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio cholerae isolated from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) (n = 276)...
This study aimed to investigate AMR profiles of Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio cholerae isolated from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) (n = 276) purchased from fresh markets and supermarkets in Bangkok, Thailand. A sample of tilapia was divided into three parts: fish intestine (n = 276), fish meat (n = 276), and liver and kidney (n = 276). The occurrence of A. hydrophila, Salmonella, and V. cholerae was 3.1%, 7.4%, and 8.5%, respectively. A high prevalence of these pathogenic bacteria was observed in fresh market tilapia compared to those from supermarkets (p < 0.05). The predominant Salmonella serovars were Paratyphi B (6.4%), followed by Escanaba (5.7%), and Saintpaul (5.7%). All isolates tested positive for the virulence genes of A. hydrophila (aero and hly), Salmonella (invA), and V. cholerae (hlyA). A. hydrophila (65.4%), Salmonella (31.2%), and V. cholerae (2.9%) showed multidrug resistant isolates. All A. hydrophila isolates (n = 26) exhibited resistant to ampicillin (100.0%) and florfenicol (100.0%), and often carried sul1 (53.8%) and tetA (50.0%). Salmonella isolates were primarily resistant to ampicillin (36.9%), with a high incidence of blaTEM (26.2%) and qnrS (25.5%). For V. cholerae isolates, resistance was observed against ampicillin (48.6%), and they commonly carried qnrS (24.3%) and tetA (22.9%). To identify mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs), a single C248A point mutation of C248A (Ser-83-Tyr) in the gyrA region was identified in six out of seven isolates of Salmonella isolates. This study highlighted the presence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic bacteria in Nile tilapia at a selling point. It is important to rigorously implement strategies for AMR control and prevention.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cichlids; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Thailand; Ampicillin; Aeromonas hydrophila; Salmonella; Foodborne Diseases
PubMed: 38564611
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299987 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Jun 2024Herein, we detected one multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila strain K522 co-carrying two bla genes together with a novel chromosomal integrative and mobilizable...
Coexistence of a novel chromosomal integrative and mobilizable element Tn7548 with two bla-carrying plasmids in a multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila strain K522 from China.
OBJECTIVES
Herein, we detected one multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila strain K522 co-carrying two bla genes together with a novel chromosomal integrative and mobilizable element (IME) Tn7548 from China. To reveal the genetic characteristics of the novel reservoir of bla and IME in Aeromonas, a detailed genomic characterization of K522 was performed, and a phylogenetic analysis of Tn7412-related IMEs was carried out.
METHODS
Carbapenemases were detected by using the immunocolloidal gold technique and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by using VITEK 2. The whole-genome sequences of K522 were analysed using phylogenetics, detailed dissection, and comparison.
RESULTS
Strain K522 carried a Tn7412-related chromosomal IME Tn7548 and three resistance plasmids pK522-A-KPC, pK522-B-KPC, and pK522-MOX. A phylogenetic tree of 82 Tn7412-related IMEs was constructed, and five families of IMEs were divided. These IMEs shared four key backbone genes: int, repC, and hipAB, and carried various profiles of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). pK522-A-KPC and pK522-B-KPC carried bla and belonged to IncG and unclassified type plasmid, respectively. The bla regions of these two plasmids were the truncated version derived from Tn6296, resulting in the carbapenem resistance of K522.
CONCLUSION
We first reported A. hydrophila harbouring a novel Tn7412-related IME Tn7548 together with two bla carrying plasmids and a MDR plasmid. Three of these four mobile genetic elements (MGEs) discovered in A. hydrophila K522 were novel. The emergence of novel MGEs carrying ARGs indicated the rapid evolution of the resistance gene vectors in A. hydrophila under selection pressure and would contribute to the further dissemination of various ARGs in Aeromonas.
Topics: Aeromonas hydrophila; Plasmids; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; China; beta-Lactamases; Phylogeny; Humans; Bacterial Proteins; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Whole Genome Sequencing; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; DNA Transposable Elements; Chromosomes, Bacterial
PubMed: 38552873
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.03.006 -
PloS One 2024Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the major pathogenic bacteria responsible for causing severe outbreaks at fish farms and is also a major global public health concern....
Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the major pathogenic bacteria responsible for causing severe outbreaks at fish farms and is also a major global public health concern. This bacterium harbors many virulence genes. The current study was designed to evaluate the antidrug and virulence potential of A. hydrophila by amplifying its antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes using PCR and examining their effects on fish tissues and organs. A total of 960 fish samples of Channa marulius and Sperata sarwari were collected from four sites of the rivers of the Punjab, Pakistan. A. hydrophila isolates were subjected to biochemical identification and detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes by PCR. We retrieved 181 (6.46%) A. hydrophila isolates from C. marulius and 177 (6.25%) isolates from S. sarwari. Amplification through PCR revealed the incidence of virulence genes in 95.7% of isolates in C. marulius and 94.4% in S. sarwari. Similarly, amplification through PCR also revealed occurrence of AMR genes in 87.1% of isolates in C. marulius and 83.9% in S. sarwari. Histopathological examination revealed congestion (5.2%) and hepatocyte necrosis (4.6%) in liver, lamellar fusion (3.3%) and the presence of bacterial colonies (3.7%) in gills, fin erosion (6%), and the presence of biofilms (3.5%) in tail fins of infected fish. Phylogenetic tree analysis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene of A. hydrophila revealed 100% and 97% similarity, respectively, with 16S rRNA gene and gyrB of A. hydrophila isolated in previous studies. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that all isolates demonstrated resistance to sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, neomycin, and norfloxacin, while susceptibility to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, and intermediate resistance was observed against cefotaxime. The results concluded that examined fish samples were markedly contaminated with virulent and multidrug strains of A. hydrophila which may be of a potential health risk. The study emphasizes the responsible antimicrobial use in aquaculture and the urgent need for effective strategies to control the spread of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in A. hydrophila.
Topics: Animals; Aeromonas hydrophila; Phylogeny; Pakistan; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Catfishes; Aeromonas; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 38551906
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297979 -
PloS One 2024Aeromonas spp. are the opportunistic pathogens that infect both aquatic and terrestrial homeotherms. They were commonly present in aquatic environments, including...
Aeromonas spp. are the opportunistic pathogens that infect both aquatic and terrestrial homeotherms. They were commonly present in aquatic environments, including effluent, tap water, marine, river, and lake, where they are often isolated from aquatic animals, including fish, molluscs, and crustaceans. The Aeromonas infections can cause sepsis, ulcer, and other symptoms, resulting in the death of massive aquatic animals. Therefore, the prevention and control of Aeromonas is of great significance for the healthy development of aquaculture. In this study, we used modern molecular methods to enhance disease control of Aeromonas isolates from freshwater fish in Hebei Province. A total of 130 Aeromonas spp. isolates were isolated from freshwater fish farms in Hengshui, Handan, and Shijiazhuang and all 130 Aeromonas spp. isolates were sequenced for species identification. Of the 130 Aeromonas spp. isolates, 104 isolates were successfully sequenced, and BLAST analysis showed that Aeromonas veronii was predominant in freshwater fish farms in Hebei Province. In addition, 26 antibiotic resistance profiles were obtained from 102 fully cultured isolates among the 104 Aeromonas spp. isolates whose species was primarily identified, and 44 multidrug-resistant bacteria among the 102 isolates were identified using an antibiotic susceptibility test. Using the Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) method, 33 out of 44 multidrug-resistant isolates with 14 non-Aeromonas reference strains were selected for phylogenetic and MLST analysis, and all 33 multidrug-resistant isolates were A. veronii. A total of 30 new Sequence Types (STs) were obtained by comparing concatenated sequences (gyrB-groL-gltA-metG-ppsA-recA) on PubMLST website. Furthermore, recombination event analysis detected using RDP5 and ClonalFrameML software 42 and 49 recombination events, respectively, and 22 recombination events were validated by four or more algorithms. Since mutation and recombination events increase clonal diversity and single housekeeping gene sequence alignments are limited for identifying species, we propose the use of multiple concatenated sequence loci to increase discriminatory power. In addition, we propose that the MLST method is an appropriate technique to study and develop the resistance mechanisms of multidrug-resistant Aeromonas and to identify Aeromonas systematically in complex samples obtained from the environment.
Topics: Animals; Aeromonas; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Phylogeny; Fishes; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Fresh Water
PubMed: 38536889
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298745