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Nutrients Apr 2024Evidence suggests that tart cherry (TC) supplementation has beneficial effects on health indices and recovery following strenuous exercise. However, little is known... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Evidence suggests that tart cherry (TC) supplementation has beneficial effects on health indices and recovery following strenuous exercise. However, little is known about the mechanisms and how TC might modulate the human metabolome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of an acute high- and low-dose of Vistula TC supplementation on the metabolomic profile in humans. In a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled, cross-over design, 12 healthy participants (nine male and three female; mean ± SD age, stature, and mass were 29 ± 7 years old, 1.75 ± 0.1 m, and 77.3 ± 10.5 kg, respectively) visited the laboratory on three separate occasions (high dose; HI, low dose; LO, or placebo), separated by at least seven days. After an overnight fast, a baseline venous blood sample was taken, followed by consumption of a standardised breakfast and dose conditions (HI, LO, or placebo). Subsequent blood draws were taken 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 h post consumption. Following sample preparation, an untargeted metabolomics approach was adopted, and the extracts analysed by LCMS/MS. When all time points were collated, a principal component analysis showed a significant difference between the conditions ( < 0.05), such that the placebo trial had homogeneity, and HI showed greater heterogeneity. In a sub-group analysis, cyanidine-3--glucoside (C3G), cyanidine-3--rutinoside (C3R), and vanillic acid (VA) were detected in plasma and showed significant differences ( < 0.05) following acute consumption of Vistula TC, compared to the placebo group. These results provide evidence that phenolics are bioavailable in plasma and induce shifts in the metabolome following acute Vistula TC consumption. These data could be used to inform future intervention studies where changes in physiological outcomes could be influenced by metabolomic shifts following acute supplementation.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Young Adult; Adult; Prunus avium; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Body Height; Breakfast
PubMed: 38613057
DOI: 10.3390/nu16071023 -
Nutrition & Diabetes Apr 2024Gastric emptying (GE), with wide inter-individual but lesser intra-individual variations, is a major determinant of postprandial glycaemia in health and type 2 diabetes...
Gastric emptying of a glucose drink is predictive of the glycaemic response to oral glucose and mixed meals, but unrelated to antecedent glycaemic control, in type 2 diabetes.
BACKGROUND
Gastric emptying (GE), with wide inter-individual but lesser intra-individual variations, is a major determinant of postprandial glycaemia in health and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, it is uncertain whether GE of a carbohydrate-containing liquid meal is predictive of the glycaemic response to physiological meals, and whether antecedent hyperglycaemia influences GE in T2D. We evaluated the relationships of (i) the glycaemic response to both a glucose drink and mixed meals with GE of a 75 g glucose drink, and (ii) GE of a glucose drink with antecedent glycaemic control, in T2D.
METHODS
Fifty-five treatment-naive Chinese adults with newly diagnosed T2D consumed standardised meals at breakfast, lunch and dinner with continuous interstitial glucose monitoring. On the subsequent day, a 75 g glucose drink containing 150 mg C-acetate was ingested to assess GE (breath test) and plasma glucose response. Serum fructosamine and HbA1c were also measured.
RESULTS
Plasma glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC) within 2 hours after oral glucose was related inversely to the gastric half-emptying time (T50) (r = -0.34, P = 0.012). The iAUCs for interstitial glucose within 2 hours after breakfast (r = -0.34, P = 0.012) and dinner (r = -0.28, P = 0.040) were also related inversely to the T50 of oral glucose. The latter, however, was unrelated to antecedent fasting plasma glucose, 24-hour mean interstitial glucose, serum fructosamine, or HbA1c.
CONCLUSIONS
In newly diagnosed, treatment-naive, Chinese with T2D, GE of a 75 g glucose drink predicts the glycaemic response to both a glucose drink and mixed meals, but is not influenced by spontaneous short-, medium- or longer-term elevation in glycaemia.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Glucose; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Gastric Emptying; Glycemic Control; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Fructosamine; Meals; Postprandial Period; Insulin; Cross-Over Studies
PubMed: 38589353
DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00264-8 -
Nutrition Research and Practice Apr 2024The objective of this study was to compare dietary habits and mental health among middle school students in urban and rural areas based on bedtime, and to provide...
A comparative study on eating habits and mental health of Korean middle school students according to their bedtime across regions: using data from the 2020-2022 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to compare dietary habits and mental health among middle school students in urban and rural areas based on bedtime, and to provide evidence supporting appropriate bedtime for Korean middle school students in relation to their healthy dietary habits and mental well-being.
SUBJECTS/METHODS
The study population consisted of 25,681 second-year middle school students who participated in the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey in 2020-2022. Participants were asked about their bedtime and wake-up time during the past 7 days and were classified into five categories. The study compared the general characteristics, academic factors, dietary habits, and mental health of urban and rural students based on their bedtime.
RESULTS
Bedtime was found to be later in the following order: urban female students, rural female students, urban male students, and rural male students. As bedtime got later, the rates of smoking and alcohol consumption increased. Students who went to bed before 11 p.m. had lower academic performance, while rural male students who went to bed after 2 a.m. had lower academic performance. Later bedtime was associated with increased smartphone usage, skipping breakfast, consuming fast food, and drinking carbonated beverages. Later bedtime was also associated with higher perceived stress levels, particularly among students who went to bed after 2 a.m., higher rates of suicidal ideation, experiencing sadness and despair, as well as the prevalence of clinically significant anxiety disorders.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that middle school students who go to bed too late have higher rates of smoking and alcohol drinking, as well as unhealthy eating habits, stress, suicidal ideation, sadness, and anxiety. Therefore, it is necessary to provide educational and social institutional support to promote adequate sleep for the health of adolescents.
PubMed: 38584809
DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2024.18.2.269 -
Journal of Diabetes Investigation Apr 2024This historical cohort study sought to research the relationship between eating behaviors and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a large, long-term cohort of Japanese...
AIM/INTRODUCTION
This historical cohort study sought to research the relationship between eating behaviors and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a large, long-term cohort of Japanese subjects.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Panasonic Corporation employees who had no history of diabetes and attended yearly health surveys between 2008 and 2018 were included in this study. The main outcome measure was diabetes onset.
RESULTS
This study included 128,594 participants and 6,729 participants who developed type 2 diabetes in the study period. Skipping breakfast, fast eating, snacking after dinner, and eating meals before sleeping were linked with the risk of the incidence of type 2 diabetes. In individuals with a BMI < 25 kg/m, fast eating (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37-1.90), and eating meals before sleeping (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02-1.17) were likewise associated with an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, fast eating (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.89-1.30) and meals before sleeping (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.88-1.01) were not related to the occurrence of type 2 diabetes in individuals with a BMI ≥25 kg/m (P value for interaction = 0.0007 [fast eating] and 0.007 [meals before sleeping], respectively). No significant interaction effect between sex and eating behavior was found.
CONCLUSIONS
With respect to Japanese people, especially in people with a BMI < 25 kg/m, eating behaviors may be a risk factor for the occurrence of type 2 diabetes.
PubMed: 38563242
DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14207 -
Sleep Science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) Mar 2024The present study clarified the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its relation to lifestyle habits, competitive-based activities, and psychological distress among...
Prevalence of Poor Sleep Quality and its Association with Lifestyle Habits, Competition-Based Activities, and Psychological Distress in Japanese Student-Athletes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
The present study clarified the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its relation to lifestyle habits, competitive-based activities, and psychological distress among Japanese student-athletes in the initial pandemic period (2020) and 1 year later (2021). In the present study, student-athletes were defined as individuals belonging to university athletic clubs. The data of two cross-sectional surveys (2020: = 961 and 2021: = 711) were collected from student-athletes in 6 universities in Japan. First, the prevalence of poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index score > 5) was investigated. Relationships between poor sleep quality and lifestyle habits, competition-based activities, and psychological distress were then explored using multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 33.6% in 2020 and 36.6% in 2021. Poor sleep quality in 2020 was related to late bedtime, taking supplements before bed, part-time job (no late night), stressors of expectations and pressure from others, and psychological distress, whereas that in 2021 was related to early wake-up time, skipping breakfast, taking caffeinated drinks before bed, use of smartphone/cellphone after lights out, stressors of motivation loss, and psychological distress. In both 2020 and 2021, one-third of student-athletes had poor sleep quality and psychological distress was its common risk factor. Lifestyle habits and competition stressors associated with poor sleep quality were pandemic-specific in 2020, but similar to the prepandemic period in 2021.
PubMed: 38545238
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772811 -
Microorganisms Mar 2024This study compared SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads at different anatomical sites, and the impact of self-swabbing and food intake. Adult symptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 or...
This study compared SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads at different anatomical sites, and the impact of self-swabbing and food intake. Adult symptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 or non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory tract infection were included between 2021 and 2022. Patients performed a nasal and buccal swab before a professionally collected nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab (NOPS). Buccal swabs were collected fasting and after breakfast in a subgroup of patients. SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads were determined by nucleic acid testing. Swabbing convenience was evaluated using a survey. The median age of 199 patients was 54 years (interquartile range 38-68); 42% were female and 52% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The majority of patients (70%) were hospitalized. The mean SARS-CoV-2 RNA load was 6.6 log copies/mL (standard deviation (SD), ±1.5), 5.6 log copies/mL (SD ± 1.9), and 3.4 log copies/mL (SD ± 1.9) in the professionally collected NOPS, and self-collected nasal and buccal swabs, respectively ( < 0.0001). Sensitivity was 96.1% (95% CI 90.4-98.9) and 75.3% (95% CI 63.9-81.8) for the nasal and buccal swabs, respectively. After food intake, SARS-CoV-2 RNA load decreased ( = 0.0006). Buccal swabbing was the preferred sampling procedure for the patients. In conclusion, NOPS yielded the highest SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads. Nasal self-swabbing emerged as a reliable alternative in contrast to buccal swabs. If buccal swabs are used, they should be performed before food intake.
PubMed: 38543642
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12030591 -
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical... Mar 2024The effect of different coffee and tea consumption on postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism has never been reported previously. The aim of the present study was to... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The effect of different coffee and tea consumption on postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism has never been reported previously. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different coffee or tea consumption at breakfast on postprandial cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy individuals.
METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN
Eighteen healthy young subjects completed the trial. After 8-hour overnight fast, volunteers either ingested water, freeze-dried coffee, spray-dried coffee, green tea, black tea or oolong tea together with a breakfast consisting of an egg and 180g deep-fried dough sticks. Blood was drawn at 0h, 0.5h, 1h, 2h, and 3h.
RESULTS
The differences in triglyceride (TG) values relative to the baseline levels at 2h and 3h of green tea was significantly decreased compared with black tea and oolong tea (p<0.05). Compared with black tea, green tea and oolong tea significantly reduced postprandial total cholesterol (TC) levels (p<0.05, p<0.01), respectively. Furthermore, the serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were substantially decreased after oolong tea consumption compared with black tea (p<0.05, p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Green tea ingestion can lower the elevation of serum TG and TC levels after high-fat or high-cholesterol diets. Our findings have far-reaching implications given the widespread use of coffee and tea and the current concern over cardiometabolic risk factors.
Topics: Humans; Coffee; Cross-Over Studies; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Tea; Cholesterol, LDL
PubMed: 38494692
DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202403_33(1).0011 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024The association between daily breakfast habits during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment remains unknown. We evaluated the association between breakfast habits...
The association between daily breakfast habits during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment remains unknown. We evaluated the association between breakfast habits during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment. Data of 72,260 women with singleton deliveries at and after 37 weeks of gestation enrolled during 2011-2014 in the Japan Environment and Children's Study were analysed. Offspring neurodevelopmental delays at 3 years of age were evaluated using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ-3). Participants were stratified by tertiles of maternal daily energy intake (DEI) (Groups 1, 2, and 3:< 1400, 1400-1799, and ≥ 1800 kcal, respectively) during pregnancy and by offspring sex. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for abnormality in communication among participants with daily breakfast consumption habit was 0.87 (95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.96). A stratified analysis based on total DEI showed no significant differences in the neurodevelopment of Group 1 offspring. The aOR for abnormality in communication was 0.80 (95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.94) in Group 2. The aOR for abnormality in personal-social characteristics was 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.99) in Group 3. Maternal daily breakfast habits are associated with offspring neurodevelopment at 3 years of age, with the association influenced by maternal DEI and offspring sex.
Topics: Child; Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Child, Preschool; Japan; Breakfast; Family; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38491068
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55912-x -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential for the management of diabetes and the development of appropriate treatment protocols. The conventional blood...
Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential for the management of diabetes and the development of appropriate treatment protocols. The conventional blood glucose (BG) testing have an intrusive technique to prick the finger and it can be uncomfortable when it is a regular practice. Intrusive procedures, such as fingerstick testing has negatively influencing patient adherence. Diabetic patients now have an exceptional improvement in their quality of life with the development of cutting-edge sensors and healthcare technologies. intensive care unit (ICU) and pregnant women also have facing challenges including hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. The worldwide diabetic rate has incited to develop a wearable and accurate non-invasive blood glucose monitoring system. This research developed an Internet of Things (IoT) - enabled wearable blood glucose monitoring (iGM) system to transform diabetes care and enhance the quality of life. The TTGOT-ESP32 IoT platform with a red and near-infrared (R-NIR) spectral range for blood glucose measurement has integrated into this wearable device. The primary objective of this gadget is to provide optimal comfort for the patients while delivering a smooth monitoring experience. The iGM gadget is 98.82 % accuracy when used after 10 hours of fasting and 98.04 % accuracy after 2 hours of breakfast. The primary objective points of the research were continuous monitoring, decreased risk of infection, and improved quality of life. This research contributes to the evolving field of IoT-based healthcare solutions by streaming real-time glucose values on AWS IoT Core to empower individuals with diabetes to manage their conditions effectively. The iGM Framework has a promising future with the potential to transform diabetes management and healthcare delivery.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Internet of Things; Quality of Life; Diabetes Mellitus; Immunoglobulin M
PubMed: 38486038
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56677-z