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PloS One 2024This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effects on the clinical signs of poisoning and adverse effects of intravenous lipid emulsion treatment in 82 animals (dogs...
This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effects on the clinical signs of poisoning and adverse effects of intravenous lipid emulsion treatment in 82 animals (dogs and cats) with suspected poisonings over 18 months. Physical examination parameters and state of consciousness were documented every hour after the intravenous administration of a bolus of 2 ml/kg and 0.25 ml/kg/min over 60 minutes of a 20% intravenous lipid emulsion. The modified Glasgow coma scale and laboratory findings (blood gas analysis, triglyceride, lactate) were evaluated initially and three hours after discontinuing intravenous lipid emulsion administration. A statistical evaluation of the occurrence of adverse effects and the development of laboratory values was performed. A decrease in respiratory rate in the second control (8-12 hours) after ILE was observed. Three hours after completing of the intravenous lipid emulsion, triglyceride concentration increased about 10 times (p <0.001). Venous carbon dioxide partial pressure, bicarbonate, base excess, as well as the electrolytes sodium, potassium and ionized calcium decreased significantly (p <0.001). Patients who experienced a worsening of the modified Glasgow coma scale had a higher increase in triglyceride concentrations (p = 0.041) and plasma lactate (p = 0.034) and a larger decrease in bicarbonate concentrations (p = 0.053) compared to others. About 54% (n = 44) of the patients showed adverse effects which could be attributed to the administration of intravenous lipid emulsion and may be associated with a higher triglyceride increase. All of them were completely reversible within 33 hours. Adverse effects associated with intravenous lipid emulsion therapy were observed in half of the patients and were associated with a higher increase in triglycerides.
Topics: Animals; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; Cats; Dogs; Retrospective Studies; Male; Female; Poisoning; Triglycerides; Glasgow Coma Scale; Cat Diseases; Dog Diseases; Blood Gas Analysis
PubMed: 38809887
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298828 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... May 2024Cancer is a challenge for either the patient or the healthcare manager. Treatment protocols based on chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or both are interfering with the...
BACKGROUND
Cancer is a challenge for either the patient or the healthcare manager. Treatment protocols based on chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or both are interfering with the patient's life making him suffer rather than being alleviated. This burden pushed the scientists to search for new regimens that may help ameliorate patient as well as doctor inconvenience. Benefits of plant extracts as medical substitutes in cancer management have been proved. New nano formulated drug delivery systems may help overcoming remedy regimens barriers and obstacles. The present research topic aims to evaluate the anticancer power of two plant extracts in nano emulsion formulation on human melanoma cell line.
METHODS
Carvacrol and rosemary essential oils were obtained, and nano emulsions were formulated. NE were characterized using TEM for charge and size distribution. The A375 human melanoma cell line was cultured and propagated then IC50 of prepared NE was added. Assessment of cell cytotoxicity, effect on angiogenesis and apoptosis were tested.
RESULTS
After synthesis and characterization, both carvacrol nano emulsion (CNE) and rosemary nano emulsion (RNE) were capable of inhibiting melanoma cell line viability, angiogenesis and they enhanced the expression of caspase-3 proapoptotic marker.
CONCLUSION
Rosemary and carvacrol extract nano emulsions could be a new revolutionary agent in human melanoma therapy and these formulations can be applied locally.
Topics: Humans; Emulsions; Melanoma; Plant Extracts; Apoptosis; Cymenes; Oils, Volatile; Nanoparticles; Cell Proliferation; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Cell Survival; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Delivery Systems
PubMed: 38809638
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.5.1663 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia 2024
Topics: Humans; Silicone Oils; Anterior Chamber; Male; Emulsions; Female; Vitrectomy
PubMed: 38808910
DOI: 10.5935/0004-2749.2024-0058 -
Journal of Materials Chemistry. B Jun 2024Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic health condition necessitating effective treatment strategies. Globally, there were 86 million people with incident knee...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic health condition necessitating effective treatment strategies. Globally, there were 86 million people with incident knee osteoarthritis in 2020. Pain management remains the primary approach to OA as the nature of cartilage poses challenges for drug delivery. An emulsion-based delivery system, using a class of positively charged and hydrolysable polymers (poly-beta-amino-esters) to coat oil droplets containing drugs, has been shown to enhance and prolong drug localization in cartilage models. As the properties of the polymers used in this technology strongly depend on the monomers used in the synthesis, this study presents the screening of a wide range of PBAEs as droplet coating agents and using ketorolac as a model of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The emulsions prepared with this PBAE library were characterized, and drug localisation and retention were evaluated in both native and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) depleted cartilage models. Optimal candidates were identified and tested in an model showing the ability to protect chondrocyte cell viability and increase both GAG and collagen contents in cartilage exposed to cytokine (IL-1α) simulating acute cartilage damage. This work demonstrates the potential of PBAE coated emulsion as a delivery system for effective drug delivery in OA treatment.
Topics: Emulsions; Polymers; Animals; Ketorolac; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cell Survival; Humans; Chondrocytes; Drug Delivery Systems; Particle Size
PubMed: 38804519
DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00313f -
ACS Omega May 2024To develop reversible pH-responsive emulsifiers of natural origin, alkali lignin (AL) was used to develop oil-in-water Pickering emulsions. AL was first modified to...
To develop reversible pH-responsive emulsifiers of natural origin, alkali lignin (AL) was used to develop oil-in-water Pickering emulsions. AL was first modified to synthesize quaternized alkali lignin (QAL), which displayed pH-responsive properties and demonstrated solubility in both acidic and alkaline solutions. In contrast, QAL exhibited insolubility and formed particles in neutral solutions, thereby making it a suitable candidate for utilization as an emulsifier in doubly pH-responsive Pickering emulsions. At pH 5-9, the emulsions were stable. Above or below this pH range, the system demulsifies, resulting in a reversible Pickering emulsifier with two pH-controlled transitions. On the basis of this pH-dependent behavior, lignin-based Pickering emulsions (LPE) could be subjected to several cycles of emulsification-demulsification by alternating the pH of the aqueous phase between basic and acidic, while the droplet size and storage stability were maintained. Curcumin was used as a drug model to study the loading/release behavior of LPE, finding that 50.08% of curcumin could be encapsulated in LPE. The release of curcumin was pH-dependent. In addition, LPE exhibited an outstanding protective effect against the ultraviolet-induced degradation of curcumin.
PubMed: 38799355
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10395 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Jun 2024In this study, Cannabidiol crystals (CBD) were used as a BCS class II model drug to generate a novel therapeutic deep eutectic solvent (THEDES) with easy preparation...
In this study, Cannabidiol crystals (CBD) were used as a BCS class II model drug to generate a novel therapeutic deep eutectic solvent (THEDES) with easy preparation using caprylic acid (CA). The hydrogen bonding interaction was confirmed by different techniques such as FT-IR and NMR, resulting in a hydrophobic system suitable for liquid formulations. The CBD-based THEDES, combined with a specific mixture of surfactants and co-surfactants, successfully formed a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) that generated uniform nano-sized droplets once dispersed in water. Hence, the THEDES showed compatibility with the self-emulsifying approach, offering an alternative method to load drugs at their therapeutic dosage. Physical stability concerns regarding the unconventional oily phase were addressed through stress tests using multiple and dynamic light scattering, demonstrating the robustness of the system. In addition, the formulated SEDDS proved effective in protecting CBD from the harsh acidic gastric environment for up to 2 h at pH 1.2. Furthermore, in vitro studies have confirmed the safety of the formulation and the ability of CBD to permeate Caco-2 cells when formulated. This investigation highlights the potential incorporation of THEDES in lipid-based formulations like SEDDS, expanding the avenues for innovative oral drug delivery approaches.
Topics: Caco-2 Cells; Humans; Emulsions; Solvents; Drug Delivery Systems; Cannabidiol; Caprylates; Surface-Active Agents; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Drug Stability; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Emulsifying Agents
PubMed: 38797251
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124267 -
FEMS Microbiology Ecology May 2024Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) provide a suitable environment for the interaction of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) from...
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) provide a suitable environment for the interaction of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) from human, animal, and environmental sources. The aim was to study the influent and effluent of two WWTPs in Croatia to identify bacterial hosts of clinically important beta-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaVIM, blaOXA-48-like) and observe how their composition changes during the treatment process. A culture-independent epicPCR (Emulsion, Paired isolation and Concatenation Polymerase Chain Reaction) was used to identify the ARG hosts, and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to study the entire bacterial community. Different wastewater sources contributed to the significant differences in bacterial composition of the wastewater between the two WWTPs studied. A total of 167 genera were detected by epicPCR, with the Arcobacter genus, in which all ARGs studied were present, dominating in both WWTPs. In addition, the clinically important genera Acinetobacter and Aeromonas contained all ARGs examined. The blaOXA-48-like gene had the highest number of hosts, followed by blaVIM, while blaTEM had the narrowest host range. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, ARG hosts were detected in both abundant and rare taxa. The number of hosts carrying investigated ARGs was reduced by wastewater treatment. EpicPCR provided valuable insights into the bacterial hosts of horizontally transmissible beta-lactamase genes in Croatian wastewater.
Topics: beta-Lactamases; Wastewater; Croatia; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; DNA, Bacterial; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 38796694
DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae081 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Hydatidosis causes a serious health hazard to humans and animals leading to significant economic and veterinary and public health concern worldwide. The present study...
Hydatidosis causes a serious health hazard to humans and animals leading to significant economic and veterinary and public health concern worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and ex vivo protoscolicidal effects of synthesized poly(amidoamine), PAMAM, nanoemulsion. In this study, PAMAM was characterized through dynamic light scattering technique to investigate the particle size and zeta potential of nanoemulsified polymer. For the in vitro and ex vivo assays, we used eosin dye exclusion test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to evaluate the effects of the prepared and characterized PAMAM nanoemulsion against protoscoleces from Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato G6 (GenBank: OQ443068.1) isolated from livers of naturally infected camels. Various concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg/mL) of PAMAM nanoemulsion at different exposure times (5, 10, 20 and 30 min) were tested against protoscolices. Our findings showed that PAMAM nanoemulsion had considerable concentration- and time-dependent protoscolicidal effect at both in vitro and ex vivo experiments. Regarding in vitro assay, PAMAM nanoemulsion had a potent protoscolicidal effect when compared with the control group with a highest protoscolicidal activity observed at the concentration of 2 mg/mL at all exposure times, such that 100% of protoscolices were killed after 20 min of exposure. Also, the mortality of protoscolices was 100% after 30 min of exposure to 1 and 1.5 mg/mL of PAMAM nanoemulsion, in vitro. Concerning ex vivo assay PAMAM nanoemulsion recorded the highest mortality rates at the concentration of 2 mg/mL (55, 99.4 and 100% at 10, 20, 30 min, respectively). Ultrastructure examination of examined protoscolices after 20 min of exposure to PAMAM nanoemulsion showed a complete loss of rostellar hooks, disruption of suckers with disorganization of hooks with partial or complete loss of them, and damage of protoscolices tegument with loss of their integrity in the form of holes and contraction of the soma region were observed in 1.5 and 2 mg/mL of PAMAM, in vitro and ex vivo, showing more damage in the in vitro conditions. It can be concluded that PAMAM nanoemulsion is a promising protoscolicidal agent offering a high protoscolicidal effect at a short exposure time. Further in vivo studies and preclinical animal trials are required to evaluate its efficacy and clinical applications against hydatid cysts.
Topics: Animals; Echinococcus granulosus; Emulsions; Echinococcosis; Polyamines; Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Camelus
PubMed: 38796499
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62015-0 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The use of medicinal substances in nanosized forms (nanoforms, nanoparticles) allows the therapeutic effectiveness of pharmaceutical preparations to be increased due to... (Review)
Review
The use of medicinal substances in nanosized forms (nanoforms, nanoparticles) allows the therapeutic effectiveness of pharmaceutical preparations to be increased due to several factors: (1) the high specific surface area of nanomaterials, and (2) the high concentration of surface-active centers interacting with biological objects. In the case of drug nanoforms, even low concentrations of a bioactive substance can have a significant therapeutic effect on living organisms. These effects allow pharmacists to use lower doses of active components, consequently lowering the toxic side effects of pharmaceutical nanoform preparations. It is known that many drug substances that are currently in development are poorly soluble in water, so they have insufficient bioavailability. Converting them into nanoforms will increase their rate of dissolution, and the increased saturation solubility of drug nanocrystals also makes a significant contribution to their high therapeutic efficiency. Some physical and chemical methods can contribute to the formation of both pure drug nanoparticles and their ligand or of polymer-covered nanoforms, which are characterized by higher stability. This review describes the most commonly used methods for the preparation of nanoforms (nanoparticles) of different medicinal substances, paying close attention to modern supercritical and cryogenic technologies and the advantages and disadvantages of the described methods and techniques; moreover, the improvements in the physico-chemical and biomedical properties of the obtained medicinal nanoforms are also discussed.
PubMed: 38794157
DOI: 10.3390/ph17050587 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2024Cellulite, or edemato-fibro-sclerotic panniculopathy (EFP), is characterized by dermal and hypodermal changes leading to adipose tissue accumulation and compromised... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Clinical and Ultrasound Efficacy of Topical Hypertonic Cream (Jovita Osmocell) in the Treatment of Cellulite: A Prospective, Monocentric, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.
Cellulite, or edemato-fibro-sclerotic panniculopathy (EFP), is characterized by dermal and hypodermal changes leading to adipose tissue accumulation and compromised venous circulation. This study investigates the efficacy of a hypertonic cream containing concentrated sodium chloride (Jovita Osmocell) in addressing water retention and structural alterations in adipose tissue, aiming to interrupt the cellulite formation process. A 12-week, prospective, monocentric, double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolled 30 female subjects with grade II or III cellulite. Patients were randomized to receive hypertonic cream or a placebo. Thigh circumference, ultrasound evaluations, and standardized photographs were collected at baseline, intermediate, and endpoint visits. Adverse events were monitored. After 84 days, the hypertonic cream group exhibited a significant reduction in thigh circumference compared to the placebo group ( = 0.0037). B-mode ultrasound examinations revealed significant changes in the parameters studied, such as the thickness of the subcutaneous tissue. No statistically significant changes were noticed in the placebo group. Volunteers reported the investigational product's pleasantness and good anti-cellulite activity, with no reported adverse events. The hypertonic cream demonstrated efficacy in reducing thigh circumference, addressing water retention and structural alterations in adipose tissue. The proposed mechanism involves osmosis, releasing accumulated fluids between fat cells, supporting drainage, and reducing inflammation. This study supports the efficacy and safety of hypertonic sodium chloride emulsions in cellulite treatment and confirms safety and user satisfaction.
Topics: Humans; Female; Double-Blind Method; Prospective Studies; Cellulite; Adult; Middle Aged; Ultrasonography; Thigh; Treatment Outcome; Skin Cream; Administration, Topical
PubMed: 38792964
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050781