-
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Prevalent cervical HPV infection and high-risk HPV persistence consequences have been extensively investigated in the literature; nevertheless, any causative...
Prevalent cervical HPV infection and high-risk HPV persistence consequences have been extensively investigated in the literature; nevertheless, any causative interrelations of other sexually transmitted bacterial infections (STIs) with cervical HPV infection have not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the possible association of STIs with cervical cytology aberrations and HPV genotyping results in a representative sample of predominantly young Greek women. Liquid-based cytology and molecular detection for bacterial STIs and HPV as well as extended HPV genotyping were simultaneously assessed in cervical samples from 2256 individuals visiting several urban outpatient Gynecology Departments for well-woman visits or cervical screening throughout a 20-month period. All specimens were centrally processed with validated molecular assays. The mean age of the studied women was 37.0 ± 11.7 years; 722 women (33.30%) tested positive for STI (mean age 34.23 ± 10.87 years). A higher mean age (38.34 ± 11.83 years ( < 0.05)) was associated with negative STI testing. was detected in 59 individuals (8.2%), in 156 (21.6%), in 14 (1.9%), and spp. in 555 (76.9%); infections with two bacterial pathogens were identified in 73 samples (10.1%). Cervical HPV was detected in 357 out of 1385 samples with a valid HPV typing result (25.8%). The mean age of HPV-positive women was 32.0 ± 8.4 years; individuals testing HPV-negative were slightly older (N = 1028): 34.4 ± 9.2 ( < 0.05). Among the 1371 individuals with valid results both for bacterial STIs and cervical HPV detection, women with an HPV-positive sample were more likely to harbor an STI (OR: 2.69, 95% CI 2.10-3.46, < 0.05). Interestingly, bacterial STI positivity illustrated significant heterogeneity between NILM and LSIL cases, with 28.88% of NILM and 46.33% of LSIL cases harboring an STI, respectively ( < 0.05). In brief, in a population with a high prevalence for STIs, especially spp., an association was documented between bacterial pathogen detection and cervical HPV infection, as well as abnormal cytology; these findings merit further investigation.
PubMed: 38003814
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111347 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Traditional drug susceptibility testing cannot be performed in clinical laboratories due to the slow-growing characteristics of when cultured . Sanger sequencing is the...
BACKGROUND
Traditional drug susceptibility testing cannot be performed in clinical laboratories due to the slow-growing characteristics of when cultured . Sanger sequencing is the standard method for detecting drug resistance-associated mutations. It has been used in some laboratories to guide the choice of macrolide antibiotics for infected patients. Furthermore, resistance to fluoroquinolone has become another emerging clinical challenge.
OBJECTIVE
Sequencing analysis can detect unknown mutations, but it is time-consuming, requires professional analytical skills and the appropriate testing equipment. The main objective of this study was to establish a nested real-time PCR method for the simultaneous detection of and genotypes in relation to the macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance.
RESULTS
105 MG-positive samples and 27 samples containing other pathogens were used for validation. The limit of the nested real-time PCR detection was 500 copies/reaction and there was no cross-reaction with , , , , , , and , but the assay cross-reacted with . Compared with sequencing results, the sensitivity of was 100% (95% CI; 93.3 -100), the specificity was 94.3% (95% CI; 79.4 - 99.0), the overall consistency was 98% (95% CI; 92.5 - 99.7) and value was 0.96 ( < 0.001); the sensitivity of was 100% (95% CI; 93.4 - 100), the specificity was 89.7% (95% CI; 71.5 - 97.3) and the overall consistency was 96.9% (95% CI; 90.7 - 99.2) with a value of 0.92 ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this sensitive and rapid alternative for identifying resistant genotypes of are intuitive and easy to interpret, especially for mixed MG populations. Although the relevant primers need further adjustment, this reliable method would provide an effective diagnostic tool for the selection of antibiotics in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Fluoroquinolones; Mycoplasma genitalium; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Macrolides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Mutation
PubMed: 37928183
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1271392 -
African Journal of Primary Health Care... Oct 2023Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a global public health concern and sub-Saharan Africa, has limited data on STIs in the men who have sex with men (MSM)...
BACKGROUND
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a global public health concern and sub-Saharan Africa, has limited data on STIs in the men who have sex with men (MSM) population. Syndromic management has controversies for treating asymptomatic STIs (ASTIs).
AIM
The aim of this study was to describe the risk factors for STIs among MSM.
SETTING
This study was conducted in Tshwane North, Gauteng Province in South Africa.
METHODS
A cross-sectional quantitative design was employed using structured questionnaires, rapid plasma reagent test, from December 2021 to May 2022. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 200 MSM with the mean age of 27.6, standard deviations: 6.8 participated, and STIs prevalence was 66%, with 37% concurrent infections. Ureaplasma urealyticum was (24%), Mycoplasma hominis (23%), Chlamydia trachomatis (20%), Treponema pallidum (20%) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (9%). The risk factors for acquisition of STI include having a new partner in the last month (OR = 1.68; CI: 0.98-3.13).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of ASTIs is high. Serial and multiple sexual partners are the risk factors.Contribution: This study contributes to the body of knowledge of the burden of STIs among high-risk population.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Homosexuality, Male; HIV Infections; Cross-Sectional Studies; Sexual and Gender Minorities; South Africa; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Risk Factors; Prevalence
PubMed: 37916720
DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v15i1.4080 -
Epidemiology and Infection Oct 2023Adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) and transgender women (ATGW) enrolled as part of the PrEP1519 study between April 2019 and February 2021 in Salvador were...
Adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) and transgender women (ATGW) enrolled as part of the PrEP1519 study between April 2019 and February 2021 in Salvador were tested for (NG) and (CT) infections.We performed real-time polymerase chain reaction using oropharyngeal, anal, and urethral swabs; assessed factors associated with NG and CT infections using multivariable Poisson regression analysis with robust variance; and estimated the prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). In total, 246 participants were included in the analyses (median age: 18.8; IQR: 18.2-19.4 years). The overall oropharyngeal, anal, and urethral prevalence rates of NG were 17.9%, 9.4%, 7.6%, and 1.9%, respectively. For CT, the overall, oropharyngeal, anal, and urethral prevalence rates were 5.9%, 1.2%, 2.4%, and 1.9%, respectively. A low level of education, clinical suspicion of STI (and coinfection with were associated with NG infection. The prevalence of NG and CT, especially extragenital infections, was high in AMSM and ATGW. These findings highlight the need for testing samples from multiple anatomical sites among adolescents at a higher risk of STI acquisition, implementation of school-based strategies, provision of sexual health education, and reduction in barriers to care.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adolescent; Female; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Chlamydia trachomatis; Homosexuality, Male; Transgender Persons; Prevalence; Brazil; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Chlamydia Infections; Gonorrhea
PubMed: 37869965
DOI: 10.1017/S095026882300170X -
Research on Mycoplasma liquid medium method to detect Mycoplasma hominis for TE and LEV sensitivity.Minerva Surgery Jun 2024
Topics: Mycoplasma hominis; Humans; Mycoplasma Infections; Culture Media; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 37851014
DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5691.23.10055-4 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Dec 2023Mycoplasma hominis, an opportunistic pathogen of the human lower urogenital tract, can survive and replicate within the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, establishing an...
Patterns of antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasma hominis endosymbiont of Trichomonas vaginalis and the influence of bacterial intracellular location on drug susceptibility.
OBJECTIVES
Mycoplasma hominis, an opportunistic pathogen of the human lower urogenital tract, can survive and replicate within the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, establishing an endosymbiotic relationship. The intracellular location may provide a means for the bacteria to evade the immune system and protection from antimicrobial activities. Our aim was to investigate the influence of the endosymbiotic association of M. hominis with trichomonad cells on bacterial antibiotic susceptibility.
METHODS
We evaluated antibiotic resistance patterns in a group of M. hominis isolated from T. vaginalis clinical specimens as well as in M. hominis isolated from patients without trichomoniasis. Using an experimental model system, we compared the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and lethal concentration (MLC) of tetracycline on M. hominis endosymbionts of T. vaginalis and extracellular bacteria.
RESULTS
The incidence rate of M. hominis strains resistant to C14 and C15 macrolide antibiotics was higher in intracellular strains associated with T. vaginalis compared with extracellular bacteria isolated from women not affected by trichomoniasis. However, sensitivity to tetracycline and quinolones was similar in both groups. In vitro experiments demonstrated that M. hominis strains, when isolated as endosymbionts from T. vaginalis, exhibited reduced sensitivity to tetracycline when cultured extracellularly for at least eight weeks.
CONCLUSION
The intracellular localization of bacteria within trichomonad cells may affect antibiotic susceptibility.
Topics: Humans; Female; Trichomonas vaginalis; Metronidazole; Mycoplasma hominis; Trichomonas Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Bacteria; Tetracyclines
PubMed: 37816433
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.09.021 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023The protozoan parasite is the most common cellular sexually transmitted disease in humans, and the closely related species is an avian parasite of ecological and...
INTRODUCTION
The protozoan parasite is the most common cellular sexually transmitted disease in humans, and the closely related species is an avian parasite of ecological and economic importance. Phylogenetic evidence suggests arose during bird to human transmission of a -like ancestor. shares a strong clinical association with the independent sexually transmitted pathogen (formerly ) , and the uncultured bacterium " Malacoplasma (formerly ) girerdii," with the latter association being an order of magnitude stronger. Both bacterial species have been shown to profoundly influence growth, energy production and virulence-associated mechanisms.
METHODS
Evidence for a novel sp. was discovered by Illumina metatranscriptomics sequencing of the -infected pigeon mouth. We leveraged published 16S rDNA profiling data from digestive tract of 12 healthy and 24 -infected pigeons to investigate association between the novel sp. and . We utilised Illumina metagenomics sequencing targeted to pigeon oral and crop samples infected with the novel sp. to generate its full-length genome sequence. Sequence similarity network analysis was used to compare annotated proteins from the novel sp. with a range of other related species.
RESULTS
Here we present evidence for a novel species, related to " M. girerdii," that is strongly associated with in the upper digestive tract of domestic pigeons. Analysis of the genome sequence revealed gene features apparently specific to a -symbiotic lineage.
DISCUSSION
These data support a model of long-term association between and spp. that has been conserved across diversification of the lineage and the host species barrier from birds to human.
PubMed: 37808290
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1242275 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023is a pathogenic protozoan diffused worldwide capable of infecting the urogenital tract in humans, causing trichomoniasis. One of its most intriguing aspects is the... (Review)
Review
is a pathogenic protozoan diffused worldwide capable of infecting the urogenital tract in humans, causing trichomoniasis. One of its most intriguing aspects is the ability to establish a close relationship with endosymbiotic microorganisms: the unique association of with the bacterium represents, to date, the only example of an endosymbiosis involving two true human pathogens. Since its discovery, several aspects of the symbiosis between and have been characterized, demonstrating that the presence of the intracellular guest strongly influences the pathogenic characteristics of the protozoon, making it more aggressive towards host cells and capable of stimulating a stronger proinflammatory response. The recent description of a further symbiont of the protozoon, the newly discovered non-cultivable mycoplasma Mycoplasma girerdii, makes the picture even more complex. This review provides an overview of the main aspects of this complex microbial consortium, with particular emphasis on its effect on protozoan pathobiology and on the interplays among the symbionts.
PubMed: 37764891
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091083 -
BMC Women's Health Sep 2023The female genital ulcer is a manifestation of many diseases, which may vary depending on the etiology, disease duration, age, and host immunity. A middle-aged (40-50...
The female genital ulcer is a manifestation of many diseases, which may vary depending on the etiology, disease duration, age, and host immunity. A middle-aged (40-50 years) woman had a 4-month history of vaginal bleeding. The results of syphilis, herpes, the cervical cancer, tuberculosis, and fungi or acute cervical inflammation caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis were negative through the blood test and the biopsy. Cervical discharge culture revealed positive for group B Streptococcus and bacterial vaginosis. The patient was treated with oral antibiotics for 7 days. One month later, repeat colposcopy revealed a smooth cervix and complete ulcer disappearance, while cervical discharge culture retested no group B Streptococcus and bacterial vaginosis. The patient was diagnosed with cervical ulcer. Complete medical history taking and bacterial culture of cervical discharge are important for identifying the etiology of the cervical ulcer and deciding the appropriate treatment for the disease.
Topics: Middle Aged; Female; Humans; Cervix Uteri; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Ulcer; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Streptococcus
PubMed: 37759233
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02665-w -
Biomedical Reports Oct 2023The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence of (), () and () in a Romanian population considering the presence or absence of genital symptoms....
The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence of (), () and () in a Romanian population considering the presence or absence of genital symptoms. Urethral and vaginal samples were collected from patients presenting at 'Ponderas' Academic Hospital (Bucharest, Romania) from January 2021 to December 2021. A total of 266 samples were obtained from two groups of patients: Symptomatic subjects with urethritis, prostatitis, vaginitis or both urethritis and prostatitis (n=59; 22%), and asymptomatic subjects (n=207; 78%). and kits were used to assess the presence of and , and , respectively. The symptomatic subjects comprised 27 patients with urethritis symptoms, of whom 4 (15%) were infected with and 1 (4%) was infected with . In addition, 23 (9%) of the patients had prostatitis-like symptoms, which in 3 (13%) of the patients was associated with and in 1 patient (4%) was associated with . None of the symptomatic patients were infected with . By contrast, 29 (14%) of the asymptomatic patients were discovered to be infected with , 13 (6%) were coinfected with both Mollicutes and 4 (2%) were infected with ; only 1 patient was positive for alone. Two patients (14%) who presented with and coinfection were also infected with . No patient with or alone was also positive for . Therefore, the most frequently identified pathogen populating the genital tract in both males and females was , followed by coinfection with and , and . As these infections are asymptomatic in numerous cases, this suggests that a thorough screening should be mandatory.
PubMed: 37746588
DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1656