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Microbial Cell (Graz, Austria) May 2023is the pathological agent of human trichomoniasis. The incidence is 156 million cases worldwide. Due to the increasing resistance of isolates to approved drugs and... (Review)
Review
is the pathological agent of human trichomoniasis. The incidence is 156 million cases worldwide. Due to the increasing resistance of isolates to approved drugs and clinical complications that include increased risk in the acquisition and transmission of HIV, cervical and prostate cancer, and adverse outcomes during pregnancy, increasing our understanding of the pathogen's interaction with the host immune response is essential. Production of cytokines and cells of innate immunity: Neutrophils and macrophages are the main cells involved in the fight against the parasite, while IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α are the most produced cytokines in response to this infection. Clinical complications: increases the acquisition of HIV, stimulates the invasiveness and growth of prostate cells, and generates an inflammatory environment that may lead to preterm birth. Endosymbiosis: increased cytotoxicity, growth, and survival rate of the parasite. Purinergic signaling: NTPD-ases and ecto-5'-nucleotidase helps in parasite survival by modulating the nucleotides levels in the microenvironment. Antibodies: IgG was detected in serum samples of rodents infected with isolates from symptomatic patients as well as patients with symptoms. However, antibody production does not protect against a reinfection. Vaccine candidate targets: The transient receptor potential- like channel of (TvTRPV), cysteine peptidase, and α-actinin are currently cited as candidate targets for vaccine development. In this context, the understanding of mechanisms involved in the host- interaction that elicit the immune response may contribute to the development of new targets to combat trichomoniasis.
PubMed: 37125086
DOI: 10.15698/mic2023.05.796 -
Microorganisms Apr 2023causes trichomoniasis, the most recurrent sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. Genital mycoplasmas, not considered STI agents, are frequently isolated from...
causes trichomoniasis, the most recurrent sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. Genital mycoplasmas, not considered STI agents, are frequently isolated from the female genital tract. A symbiosis between species and has been described. The aim of this study was to conduct molecular-based analyses of vaginal specimens, thus assessing the prevalence of non-STI infections. In total, 582 samples from female patients and an additional 20 isolates were analyzed by PCR using specific 16S rRNA primers, and the obtained PCR products were sequenced. species were detected in 28.2% of the collected vaginal samples. was found in 21.5% of the specimens, species were found in 7.5% of the samples. The molecular data of the newly described species, , were obtained for the first time in Austria, in a sample also positive for . Analyses of the cultivated strains confirmed the presence of in two out of 20 samples. A comparably high prevalence of genital mycoplasmas was revealed through advanced diagnostic assays, with and being the most prevalent species. The previously described symbiotic relationship between and was confirmed.
PubMed: 37110356
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040933 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... Apr 2023Mycoplasma hominis is one of the main opportunistic pathogenic mycoplasmas in humans which has a major impact on patients with bloodstream infections. Because it is...
BACKGROUND
Mycoplasma hominis is one of the main opportunistic pathogenic mycoplasmas in humans which has a major impact on patients with bloodstream infections. Because it is difficult to detect or isolate, rapid and accurate diagnosis using improved methods is essential and still challenging for patients with bloodstream infection.
CASE PRESENTATION
In this case, we reported the application of next -generation sequencing for the diagnosis of bloodstream infection caused by Mycoplasma hominis in a patient with Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. After 9 days of combined treatment with levofloxacin, polymyxin B and meropenem, the patient's condition was gradually controlled and he was discharged without further complications. During the three-month outpatient follow-up, no recurrence of symptoms or clinical signs was reported.
CONCLUSIONS
This successful application of next generation sequencing assisted the rapid diagnosis of Mycoplasma hominis bloodstream infection, provided a new perspective in the clinical approach and highlighted the potential of this technique in rapid etiological diagnosis.
Topics: Male; Humans; Mycoplasma hominis; Mycoplasma Infections; Sepsis; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
PubMed: 37085831
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00580-4 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Apr 2023Some species of Mollicutes have been associated with different pathologies of the urogenital tract in humans, with a high prevalence among adult men who have sex with...
BACKGROUND
Some species of Mollicutes have been associated with different pathologies of the urogenital tract in humans, with a high prevalence among adult men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW). However, few studies have been performed to investigate its prevalence among adolescents. In this study, we estimated the initial prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), and Ureaplasma parvum (UP); the rate of misdiagnosis at different anatomical sites; and the associated factors with positive tests for Mollicutes among MSM and TGW aged 15 to 19 years enrolled in the PrEP1519 study.
METHODS
PrEP-1519 is the first study to investigate the effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus among adolescent MSM and TGW aged 15 to 19 in Latin America. Oral, anal, and urethral swabs were taken from 246 adolescents upon enrolment in the study to detect MG, MH, UU, and UP by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted by Poisson regression and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated.
RESULTS
The prevalence of Mollicutes was 32.1%. UU was the most prevalent species (20.7%), followed by MH (13.4%), MG (5.7%), and UP (3.2%); 67.3% of the positive samples would have been missed if only urethral samples had been taken. Receptive anal sex (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.07-3.01) and clinical suspicion of sexually transmitted infection (PR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.01-2.61) were factors associated with the detection of Mollicutes in general. Group sex (PR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.12-3.50) and receptive anal sex (PR = 2.36; 95% CI = 0.95-5.86) were associated with the detection of Mycoplasma spp. No sociodemographic, clinical, or behavioural variable was significantly associated with the detection of Ureaplasma spp.
CONCLUSIONS
A high prevalence of Mollicutes was observed among adolescent MSM and TGW, especially at extragenital sites. Further research is required to understand the epidemiological profile of high-risk adolescents in different regions and contexts, and to investigate the pathogenesis of Mollicutes in the oral and anal mucosa before routine screening can be recommended in clinical practice.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Male; Young Adult; Brazil; Homosexuality, Male; Prevalence; Tenericutes; Transgender Persons; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 37072756
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08213-z -
BMC Infectious Diseases Apr 2023Mycoplasma hominis infection is common in urinary tract. F-FDG-PET/CT is a valuable tool for tumor and infection diagnosis. Few studies have shown the F-FDG-PET/CT...
BACKGROUND
Mycoplasma hominis infection is common in urinary tract. F-FDG-PET/CT is a valuable tool for tumor and infection diagnosis. Few studies have shown the F-FDG-PET/CT images after mycoplasma infection.
CASE PRESENTATION
Here we described a case of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia with thickened bladder wall. The F-FDG-PET/CT showed the SUVmax up to 36.1 mimicking bladder cancer. The results of histopathological examination and metagenomic sequencing of the blood and urinary revealed the Mycoplasma hominis infection.
CONCLUSION
The full consideration should be given to the possibility of infection besides tumor in lesions with high SUV value in F-FDG-PET/CT, especially in immunodeficiency patients.
Topics: Humans; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia; Diagnosis, Differential; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37029352
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08163-6 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023(Baker) Planch is traditionally used in South African traditional medicine (SATM) to treat a variety of human infections. The antimicrobial activity of extracts from...
(Baker) Planch is traditionally used in South African traditional medicine (SATM) to treat a variety of human infections. The antimicrobial activity of extracts from was investigated in vitro against a plethora of pathogenic microorganisms using the microdilution assay. The acetone extract exhibited a notable minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.10 mg/mL against and a further MIC of 0.20 mg/mL against , , , and In the antiproliferative assays, both the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts exhibited a potent inhibition of the MCF-7-21 cell line. In the anti-inflammatory assays, both the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts exhibited IC values of 15.59 and 15.78 µg/mL against Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), respectively. Methanol extract further exhibited potent dual inhibition of both COX-2 and 15-LOX enzymes, hence, recommended to curb both related cancers, particularly breast cancer and inflammation-borne diseases. In the comparative gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS), the acetone, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract contained significantly prevalent amounts of compound 2-(2',4',4',6',6',8',8'-Heptamethyltetrasiloxan-2'-yloxy)-2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-nonamethylcyclopentasiloxane with % area ranging from 15.714 to 39.225. The findings in the current work validates the use of the plant species in SATM in the treatment of cancer-like infections, opportunistic infections associated with HIV-AIDS. Furthermore, the in vivo studies and the mechanisms of action still need to be explored.
PubMed: 36983882
DOI: 10.3390/life13030728 -
Heliyon Mar 2023, , and are commensal bacteria that are associated with colonization and infection of the urogenital tract. However, colonization of the respiratory tract by these...
BACKGROUND
, , and are commensal bacteria that are associated with colonization and infection of the urogenital tract. However, colonization of the respiratory tract by these microorganisms in adults has not been fully investigated.
METHODS
Urine and respiratory tract samples (sputum, tracheal aspirates, and bronchoalveolar lavage) of patients aged 20-80 years were analyzed to detect the presence of , , and using a conventional PCR method. The samples were submitted to the microbiological clinical laboratory of Hiroshima University Hospital from December 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022.
RESULTS
In total, 334 urine and 238 respiratory tract samples were analyzed. The overall detection rates of , , and were 2.9%, 1.7%, and 2.3% in male urine; 7.0%, 13.8%, and 1.9% in female urine; 2.2%, 0%, and 2.2% in male respiratory tract; and 0%, 2.0%, and 0% in female respiratory tract, respectively. In urine samples, the detection rates of , , and were significantly higher (p < 0.001) for women (29/159; 18.2%) than for men (10/175; 5.7%); however, in respiratory tract samples, the detection rates were not significantly different (p = 0.70) between women (2/101; 2.0%) and men (5/137; 3.7%). Further, both the urine and respiratory samples of 83 patients were analyzed. Three male samples were positive for or , and and were matched in both the urine and respiratory tract samples: (n = 1), (n = 1), + (n = 1).
CONCLUSION
, , and were detected in the respiratory tract of not only the young patients, but also of patients aged 50-60 years. Further studies are required to understand the relationship of these microorganisms in urogenital and respiratory tract samples with extra-genital infections.
PubMed: 36967949
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14543 -
International Journal of Infectious... Jun 2023Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum, and Ureaplasma urealyticum commonly colonize the human urogenital tract, which may cause urogenital infections. However, infection... (Review)
Review
Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum, and Ureaplasma urealyticum commonly colonize the human urogenital tract, which may cause urogenital infections. However, infection by M. hominis, U. parvum, or U. urealyticum is rarely reported in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis. Herein, we reported four cases of PD-associated peritonitis caused by these pathogens, along with a review of the literature. The four cases were female patients with recurrent "culture-negative" PD-associated peritonitis and were related to menstruation. M. hominis, U. parvum, or U. urealyticum was detected in the PD fluid of the patients by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. All four patients were cured by intraperitoneal tigecycline combined with oral azithromycin or minocycline. M. hominis, U. parvum, and U. urealyticum should be paid more attention in female patients with recurrent culture-negative PD-associated peritonitis, especially when the peritonitis is related to menstruation, sexual intercourse, or urogenital tract operation. Moreover, metagenomic next-generation sequencing can provide a reasonable method to identify the pathogen for culture-negative PD-associated peritonitis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Ureaplasma; Mycoplasma hominis; Mycoplasma Infections; Peritoneal Dialysis
PubMed: 36948449
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.03.032 -
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica... May 2023The global sequence of the pathogenesis of preterm labor remains unclear. This study aimed to compare amniotic fluid concentrations of extracellular matrix-related... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
INTRODUCTION
The global sequence of the pathogenesis of preterm labor remains unclear. This study aimed to compare amniotic fluid concentrations of extracellular matrix-related proteins (procollagen, osteopontin and IL-33), and of cytokines (IL-19, IL-6, IL-20, TNFα, TGFβ, and IL-1β) in asymptomatic women with and without subsequent spontaneous preterm delivery.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We used amniotic fluid samples of singleton pregnancy, collected by amniocentesis between 16 and 20 weeks' gestation, without stigmata of infection (i.e., all amniotic fluid samples were tested with broad-range 16 S rDNA PCR to distinguish samples with evidence of past bacterial infection from sterile ones), during a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to perform a nested case-control laboratory study. Cases were women with a spontaneous delivery before 37 weeks of gestation (preterm group). Controls were women who gave birth at or after 39 weeks (full term group). Amniotic fluid concentrations of the extracellular matrix-related proteins and cytokines measured by immunoassays were compared for two study groups.
CLINICALTRIALS
gov: NCT00718705.
RESULTS
Between July 2008 and July 2011, in 12 maternal-fetal medicine centers in France, 166 women with available PCR-negative amniotic fluid samples were retained for the analysis. Concentrations of procollagen, osteopontin, IL-19, IL-6, IL-20, IL-33, TNFα, TGFβ, and IL-1β were compared between the 37 who gave birth preterm and the 129 women with full-term delivery. Amniotic fluid levels of procollagen, osteopontin, IL-19, IL-33, and TNFα were significantly higher in the preterm than the full-term group. IL-6, IL-20, TGFβ, and IL-1β levels did not differ between the groups.
CONCLUSIONS
In amniotic fluid 16 S rDNA PCR negative samples obtained during second-trimester amniocentesis, extracellular matrix-related protein concentrations (procollagen, osteopontin and IL-33), together with IL-19 and TNFα, were observed higher at this time in cases of later spontaneous preterm birth.
Topics: Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Male; Premature Birth; Amniotic Fluid; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Osteopontin; Interleukin-33; Interleukin-6; Procollagen; Amniocentesis; Cytokines; Transforming Growth Factor beta
PubMed: 36918342
DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14544 -
PloS One 2023Sexually transmitted diseases are major causes of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and premature birth. Here, we developed a new multiplex real-time polymerase chain...
Sexually transmitted diseases are major causes of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and premature birth. Here, we developed a new multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the simultaneous detection of nine major sexually transmitted infections (STIs) found in Vietnamese women, including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Gardnerella vaginalis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and human alphaherpesviruses 1 and 2. A panel containing three tubes × three pathogens/tube was predesigned based on double-quenched TaqMan probes to increase detection sensitivity. There was no cross-reactivity among the nine STIs and other non-targeted microorganisms. Depending on each pathogen, the agreement with commercial kits, sensitivity, specificity, repeatability and reproducibility coefficient of variation (CV), and limit of detection of the developed real-time PCR assay were 99.0%-100%, 92.9%-100%, 100%, <3%, and 8-58 copies/reaction, respectively. One assay cost only 2.34 USD. Application of the assay for the detection of the nine STIs in 535 vaginal swab samples collected from women in Vietnam yielded 532 positive cases (99.44%). Among the positive samples, 37.76% had one pathogen, with G. vaginalis (33.83%) as the most prevalent; 46.36% had two pathogens, with G. vaginalis + C. albicans as the most prevalent combination (38.13%); and 11.78%, 2.99%, and 0.56% had three, four, and five pathogens, respectively. In conclusion, the developed assay represents a sensitive and cost-effective molecular diagnostic tool for the detection of major STIs in Vietnam and is a model for the development of panel detections of common STIs in other countries.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reproducibility of Results; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Chlamydia trachomatis; Trichomonas vaginalis
PubMed: 36877694
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282439