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PloS One 2024Advanced maternal-age pregnancy has become a serious public health problem in both developed and developing countries due to adverse birth outcomes for the mother,...
BACKGROUND
Advanced maternal-age pregnancy has become a serious public health problem in both developed and developing countries due to adverse birth outcomes for the mother, fetus, or newborn. However, there are limited studies conducted to identify determinants of advanced-age pregnancy in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess individual and community-level determinants of advanced age pregnancy in Ethiopia.
METHODS
This study was based on 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. Three thousand two hundred ninety-two weighted samples of pregnant women were included in this analysis. A multilevel logistic regression model was conducted to assess the determinants of advanced-age pregnancy among the study participants in Ethiopia.
RESULTS
maternal age at first birth (AOR = 4.05, 95% CI: 1.77-9.22), level of maternal education [primary education 2.72 times (AOR = 2.27, 95 CI: 1.55-4.76) and secondary and above education (AOR = 5.65, 95% CI: 1.77-17.70)], having a history of alcohol (AOR = 11.8, 95% CI: 5.71-24.42), parity (AOR = 3.22, 95% CI: 2.69-3.84), number of household member (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05-1.41), family planning unmet need for spacing of pregnancy (AOR = 4.79, 95% CI: 2.63-8.74), having sons/daughters elsewhere (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.22-2.94), had higher community poverty level (AOR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.16-4.85), those had higher community unmet need for family planning (AOR = 5.19, 95% CI: 2.72-9.92) were more likely to have advanced age pregnancy. Whereas Living in an Emerging region (AOR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.14-0.59) and living in a metropolitan city (AOR = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.03-0.38), were less likely to have advanced age pregnancy.
CONCLUSIONS
increased Maternal age at first birth, level of maternal education, history of alcohol drinking, increased number of parity and household members, family planning unmet need for spacing, had sons/daughters elsewhere, had higher community poverty level, those had higher community unmet need for family planning positively, whereas living in the emerging region and living in metropolitan's city was negatively affect advanced age pregnancy. Help women to have informed decision-making and create platforms to women have special care during this age of pregnancy. Empower women on family planning and socioeconomic status.
Topics: Humans; Female; Ethiopia; Pregnancy; Adult; Maternal Age; Health Surveys; Young Adult; Adolescent; Middle Aged; Socioeconomic Factors; Educational Status; Demography; Logistic Models; Parity
PubMed: 38917226
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304954 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2024Women can experience various reproductive events, such as pregnancy, childbirth, lactation, and contraception, which cause long-term changes in female hormones. In...
The influence of factors associated with past reproductive histories on migraines in middle-aged premenopausal women: a nationwide population-based study in Republic of Korea.
INTRODUCTION
Women can experience various reproductive events, such as pregnancy, childbirth, lactation, and contraception, which cause long-term changes in female hormones. In middle-aged women, the prevalence of migraine is high, and a clear gender difference is evident. This study investigated the effects of factors associated with past reproductive events on the risk of new migraine in middle-aged premenopausal women.
METHODS
The influence of reproductive factors on migraine in middle-aged women was investigated using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS) and Korean Health Examination (KHE) databases. The reproductive factors of interest were parity, breastfeeding, and oral contraceptive (OC) use. The study included 949,704 middle-aged premenopausal women 40-60 years of age. The study population was divided into two groups based on new diagnosis of migraine during the follow-up period (2009-2018).
RESULTS
The risk of new migraine tended to increase in the primiparous (hazard ratio, HR: 1.179; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.137-1.221) and multiparous groups (HR: 1.181; 95% CI: 1.142-1.221) compared with the nulliparous group. The breastfeeding ≥12 months group (HR: 1.071; 95% CI: 1.052-1.091) showed a significantly increased risk of new migraine compared with the non-breastfeeding group. All women in the OC groups (< 1 year, HR: 1.048; 95% CI: 1.028-1.069 and ≥ 1 year, HR: 1.100; 95% CI: 1.067-1.134) showed a higher risk of new migraine than those in the non-OC group.
CONCLUSION
The results of the current study indicate that childbirth, longer breastfeeding, and OC use may be associated with a higher risk of new migraine in middle-aged premenopausal women.
PubMed: 38915802
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1406443 -
Human Resources For Health Jun 2024Physicians and associate (non-physician) clinicians conduct cesarean sections in Tanzania and Malawi. Urogenital fistulas may occur as complications of cesarean section....
BACKGROUND
Physicians and associate (non-physician) clinicians conduct cesarean sections in Tanzania and Malawi. Urogenital fistulas may occur as complications of cesarean section. Location and circumstances can indicate iatrogenic origin as opposed to ischemic injury following prolonged, obstructed labor.
METHODS
This retrospective review assessed the frequency of iatrogenic urogenital fistulas following cesarean sections conducted by either associate clinicians or physicians in Tanzania and Malawi. It focuses on 325 women with iatrogenic fistulas among 1290 women who had fistulas after cesarean birth in Tanzania and Malawi between 1994 and 2017. An equivalence test compared the proportion of iatrogenic fistulas after cesarean sections performed by associate clinicians and physicians (equivalence margin = 0.135). Logistic regression was used to model the occurrence of iatrogenic fistula after cesarean section, controlling for cadre, date, maternal age, previous abdominal surgery and parity.
RESULTS
Associate clinicians attended 1119/1290 (86.7%) cesarean births leading to fistulas, while physicians attended 171/1290 (13.3%). Iatrogenic fistulas occurred in 275/1119 (24.6%) cesarean births by associate clinicians and in 50/171 (29.2%) cesarean births by physicians. The risk difference and 90% confidence interval were entirely contained within an equivalence margin of 13.5%, supporting a conclusion of equivalence between the two cadres. The odds of iatrogenic fistula after cesarean section were not statistically significantly different between associate clinicians and physicians (aOR 0.90; 95% CI 0.61-1.33).
CONCLUSIONS
Associate clinicians appear equivalent to physicians performing cesarean sections in terms of iatrogenic fistula risk. Lower iatrogenic proportions for associate clinicians could reflect different caseloads. The occurrence of iatrogenic fistulas illustrates the importance of appropriate labor management and cesarean section decision-making, irrespective of health provider cadre. Given the noninferior performance and lower costs of employing associate clinicians, other countries with insufficient and/or unequally distributed health workforces could consider task-shifting cesarean sections to associate clinicians.
Topics: Humans; Female; Cesarean Section; Malawi; Tanzania; Retrospective Studies; Pregnancy; Adult; Iatrogenic Disease; Physicians; Young Adult; Fistula
PubMed: 38915096
DOI: 10.1186/s12960-024-00927-8 -
Translational Animal Science 2024The goal of this project was to determine the effects of a supraphysiological dose of oxytocin given to gilts or multiparous sows 8 to 12 h after the end of farrowing...
The goal of this project was to determine the effects of a supraphysiological dose of oxytocin given to gilts or multiparous sows 8 to 12 h after the end of farrowing on the performance of their progeny. Sows from three parity groups (1 = parity 1; 2 = parities 2, 3, and 4; 3 = parities 5 to 14) received no injection (CTL, controls; = 17, 27, and 23 for parity groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively) or one intramuscular injection of 75 IU of oxytocin (OXY, = 17, 24, and 26 for parity groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively) 8 to 12 h after birth of the last piglet. Colostrum samples were obtained 8 h after oxytocin injection in 18 sows from parity group 2 (CTL, = 10; OXY, = 8). Standard milk composition was measured as well as the Na/K ratio, and IGF-1, IgG, and IgA concentrations. The same sows were used to obtain blood samples from four male piglets of average litter body weight (BW) 8 h post-treatment to measure concentrations of IGF-1, IgG, and IgA. Piglets and sows were weighed at farrowing and weaning (day 21) and sow feed intake and piglet mortality were recorded. There was no effect of OXY on sow or piglet BW at any measured times and percent preweaning piglet mortality was not affected by OXY or parity. First-parity sows had lower BW than multiparous sows at both times (< 0.001), and piglet average daily gain from birth to weaning was greater in parity group 2 compared with first-parity litters (< 0.05). Average daily sow feed intake over the first week of lactation tended to be greater in OXY vs CTL sows ( = 0.07), and multiparous sows consumed more feed than first-parity sows on all weeks of lactation (< 0.001). Eight hours after treatment, there was a tendency for colostral Na to be greater in OXY vs CTL sows (= 0.06), and none of the measured variables in piglet blood were affected by treatment. In conclusion, injecting 75 IU of oxytocin 8 to 12 h after the birth of the last piglet did not prolong the period of colostrogenesis or improve the growth or survival of piglets and this was consistent across parities.
PubMed: 38912414
DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae091 -
Environmental Epidemiology... Dec 2023Epidemiological studies commonly use residential addresses at birth to estimate exposures throughout pregnancy, ignoring residential mobility. Lack of consideration for...
INTRODUCTION
Epidemiological studies commonly use residential addresses at birth to estimate exposures throughout pregnancy, ignoring residential mobility. Lack of consideration for residential mobility during pregnancy might lead to exposure misclassification that should be addressed in environmental epidemiology.
METHODS
We investigated potential exposure misclassification from estimating exposure during pregnancy by residence at delivery utilizing a prospective cohort of pregnant women in New York, United States (n = 1899; 2016-2019). We calculated exposure during pregnancy corresponding to each address for fine particles (PM), temperature, and greenness (Enhanced Vegetation Index [EVI]).
RESULTS
Twenty-two percent of participants moved at least once during pregnancy; 82.3% of movers changed residences during the second or third trimesters. Participants with better health, lower parity, and higher socioeconomic status were more likely to move. Exposures based on address at delivery rather than residential history overestimated exposure for PM (exposure error: range -5.7 to 4.6 µg/m, average -0.6 µg/m) and EVI (range -0.305 to 0.307, average -0.013), but not temperature. Overestimations were significantly larger for mothers with higher socioeconomic status. Our findings indicate that the error for prenatal exposure can occur when residential mobility is not considered and is disproportional by maternal characteristics.
CONCLUSIONS
Epidemiological studies should consider residential mobility in exposure assessments based on geolocation when possible, and results based on mother's residence at birth should be interpreted with understanding of potential differential exposure misclassification.
PubMed: 38912392
DOI: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000273 -
Veterinary World May 2024Probiotics are used at different stages of gestation to promote reproductive performance in sows. This study investigated the effect of QST 713 supplementation during...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Probiotics are used at different stages of gestation to promote reproductive performance in sows. This study investigated the effect of QST 713 supplementation during late gestation in multiparous sows on different reproductive parameters.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
On day 85 of gestation, 115 multiparous healthy Landrace Yorkshire sows were randomly assigned to two groups with equal parity numbers. The control group (58 sows) was fed with basal diets, and the probiotic group (57 sows) was fed with basal diets +10 colony-forming unit (CFU) QST 713 from day 85 to parturition. Back fat thickness on days 85 and 110, number of total born, number of born alive, stillbirth and mummy rates, individual birth weight, litter birth weight, within-litter variation of piglet birth weight, and postpartum vaginal discharge duration were recorded and compared between the two groups.
RESULTS
The number of total born, number born alive, back fat thickness of sows before farrowing, litter weight, within-litter variation of piglet birth weight, and postpartum vaginal discharge duration were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Dietary supplementation with QST 713 decreased the stillbirth rate (3.96 vs. 6.39%, p = 0.046) and born dead rate (5.12 vs. 8.57%, p = 0.035) and increased the birth weight of piglets (1552.78 vs. 1506.15 g, p = 0.049).
CONCLUSION
Daily supplementation with 10 CFU of QST 713 during late gestation in multiparous sows could increase reproductive performance by increasing birth weight and decreasing stillbirth rate.
PubMed: 38911090
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.940-945 -
Veterinary World May 2024Sexed semen (SS), a reproductive biotechnology tool, can alter the sex ratio of offspring in bovines. This study elucidates a comparative analysis of estrus-related...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Sexed semen (SS), a reproductive biotechnology tool, can alter the sex ratio of offspring in bovines. This study elucidates a comparative analysis of estrus-related parameters influencing conception rate and pregnancy losses under field conditions between conventional and SS.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In the present study, artificial insemination with (SS; n = 143) and conventional semen (CS; n = 143) was performed at spontaneous estrus, i.e., 16-18 h after the onset of estrus signs, to analyze their comparative evaluation in terms of conception rates in crossbred cows under field conditions. Different parameters such as age, parity, body condition score (BCS), estrus duration, inter-estrus interval (IEI), diameter of pre-ovulatory follicle (DPOF) at estrus, and cervical mucus properties (pH and spinnbarkeit [SBK]) were recorded for each cow.
RESULTS
The first insemination conception rates for sexed and conventional semen were 55.24% and 63.63% whereas the overall conception rates were 49.14% and 57.37% on days 35 and 75 post-insemination, respectively, with no significant difference (p > 0.05). Conception rates between sexed and CS inseminations were statistically significant (p < 0.01), whereas factors such as age, parity, BCS, DPOF, IEI), and SBK value exhibited no substantial variance (p > 0.05) for both types of semen straw.
CONCLUSION
SS straws yielded a conception rate equivalent to CS straws, with estrus duration being the key factor affecting conception under field conditions.
PubMed: 38911088
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1119-1123 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jun 2024Brown Swiss (BS) cows have greater urea concentrations in milk and blood compared with Holstein (HO) cows. We tested the hypothesis that BS and HO cows differ in kidney...
Brown Swiss (BS) cows have greater urea concentrations in milk and blood compared with Holstein (HO) cows. We tested the hypothesis that BS and HO cows differ in kidney function and nitrogen excretion. Blood, saliva, urine, and feces were sampled in 31 multiparous BS and 46 HO cows kept under identical feeding and management conditions. Samples were collected at different lactational stages after the monthly DHIA control test-day. To test the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urea excretion, concentrations of creatinine and urea were measured in serum, urine, and saliva. As an additional marker to estimate GFR, we determined symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in serum. Feces were analyzed for dry matter content and nitrogen concentration. Data on milk urea and protein concentrations, and daily milk yield were obtained from the monthly DHIA test-day records. The effects of breed, time, and parity number on blood, saliva, urine, feces, and milk parameters were evaluated with the GLM procedure with breed, time, and parity number as fixed effects. Differences between BS and HO were assessed by the Tukey-corrected t-test at P < 0.05. Concentrations of urea, creatinine, and SDMA in serum, were greater in BS than in HO cows (P < 0.01): 5.46 ± 0.19 vs 4.72 ± 0.13 mmol/L (urea), 105.96 ± 2.23 vs 93.07 ± 1.50 mmol/l (creatinine), and 16.78 ± 0.69 vs 13.39 ± 0.44 µg/dL (SDMA). We observed a greater urea concentration in BS cows (25.8 ± 0.7 vs 21.8 ± 0.7 mg/dL) and protein content in milk (3.70 ± 0.08 vs 3.45 ± 0.07%) than in HO cows (P < 0.01). Urea and creatinine concentrations in urine and saliva did not differ among breeds. No differences between BS and HO were observed for milk yield, fecal DM, and fecal nitrogen content. Dry matter intake and body weight were similar in BS and HO cows (P > 0.05). Despite greater urea, creatinine, and SDMA concentrations in blood as well as a higher milk urea content in BS compared with HO, respective concentrations in urine did not differ between breeds. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a lower renal GFR in BS compared with HO cows, thereby contributing to the greater plasma urea concentration in BS cows. However, estimation of nitrogen excretion via milk, urine, and feces does not entirely reflect nitrogen turnover within the animal.
PubMed: 38908706
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24997 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jun 2024Extending the voluntary waiting period (VWP) for insemination in dairy cows is of interest to reduce the frequency of calving events and inseminate at a moment with...
Extending the voluntary waiting period (VWP) for insemination in dairy cows is of interest to reduce the frequency of calving events and inseminate at a moment with fewer fertility problems. Little is known about the calves born from dams with a different VWP followed by a different calving interval (CInt). The objective of the current study was to identify the effect of dam's CInt on body condition, metabolic status, and milk production of their offspring from birth till 100 DIM of the offspring's first lactation. Holstein Friesian dairy cows (n = 154, 41 primiparous, 113 multiparous) were blocked according to parity, milk yield, and somatic cell count (SCC), and randomly assigned to a VWP of 50, 125, or 200 d. Female calves (n = 62) from cows with different CInt were monitored from birth until their first calving event as heifer. Certain dams were not successfully inseminated soon after the planned VWP, resulting in differences between the intended VWP and the actual CInt. Calves were regrouped according to their dam's actual CInt (CInt_1: 324 - 408 d; CInt_2: 409 - 468 d; CInt_3: 469 - 586 d). The dam's CInt did not affect calf birth weight. From birth to weaning, the calves born to dams in CInt_1 (0.34 mmol/L (confidence interval (CI): 0.30, 0.37) had a higher plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration than CInt_2 (0.28 mmol/L (CI: 0.26, 0.31)) and CInt_3 (0.26 mmol/L (CI: 0.24, 0.29)) calves. Calves born to dams with a shorter CInt (CInt_1) had greater IgG and IgM against keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) than CInt_3 (IgG: 6.05 ± 0.30 vs. 4.64 ± 0.30; IgM: 6.45 ± 0.17 vs. 5.89 ± 0.16, respectively) before weaning. After weaning till calving, CInt_1-calves tended to have greater plasma NEFA concentration than CInt_3-calves. During the first 100 d in milk, a longer CInt of the dams resulted in lower plasma IGF_1 (CInt_2), lower milk lactose (CInt_3) and fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM) (CInt_2) in offspring, compared with shorter CInt of the dams (CInt_1). Collectively, a longer CInt in dams did not affect birth weight of their calves or body weight during the weaning or rearing phase. From birth till weaning, a longer CInt in dams resulted in less IgG against KLH and lower plasma NEFA concentration in plasma of the calves. During the first lactation of their offspring, a longer CInt in dams can result in a lower plasma IGF_1 and FPCM during the first 100 DIM, although effects were not present in all CInt categories.
PubMed: 38908703
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24885 -
ArXiv Mar 2024Taken as a classification paradigm completing the standard model, a new compact form of the SU(2/1) supergroup explains many mysterious properties of the weak...
Taken as a classification paradigm completing the standard model, a new compact form of the SU(2/1) supergroup explains many mysterious properties of the weak interactions: the maximal breaking of parity, the fractional charges of the quarks, the cancellation of the quantum field theory anomalies, and ties together the existence of the right neutrinos and of the heavier Fermions. This compact supergroup is constructed by exponentiating the matrices representing the leptons and the quarks which form a semi-direct sum of Kac modules of the real superalgebra su(2/1,R) such that the overall trace of the $U(1)$ weak-hypercharge $Y$ vanishes. Remarkably, all the elements of this supergroup have Berezinian 1 and determinant 1. In practice, $Tr(Y)=0$ simply means that the electric charge of the hydrogen atom is zero.
PubMed: 38903747
DOI: No ID Found