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Skin Health and Disease Jun 2024We report the second case of verruciform xanthoma of the penis occurring in a male with genital lichen sclerosus. We suggest that the diagnosis of VEGAS xanthoma should...
We report the second case of verruciform xanthoma of the penis occurring in a male with genital lichen sclerosus. We suggest that the diagnosis of VEGAS xanthoma should prompt careful examination of the genitalia for evidence of underlying lichen sclerosus, the signs of which may be subtle.
PubMed: 38846683
DOI: 10.1002/ski2.375 -
Urology Case Reports Jul 2024Penile tissue death caused by impaired blood flow and nerve damage is a severe but uncommon complication of diabetes mellitus known as diabetic penile necrosis. Diabetes...
Penile tissue death caused by impaired blood flow and nerve damage is a severe but uncommon complication of diabetes mellitus known as diabetic penile necrosis. Diabetes related vascular and neurological issues result in reduced sensation and limited blood supply to the penis leading to this condition. The consequences on sexual function and quality of life are catastrophic though it's rare, hence early identification, treatment intervention cannot be over emphasized since they help prevent further deterioration including infections that arise from complications occasioned by delayed management.
PubMed: 38841429
DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2024.102757 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024Neoplasm of the penis is relatively rare in most regions representing 0-2% of cancers worldwide. While the penis can be affected by sarcomas, basal cell carcinomas or... (Review)
Review
Neoplasm of the penis is relatively rare in most regions representing 0-2% of cancers worldwide. While the penis can be affected by sarcomas, basal cell carcinomas or even melanoma, Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma (PSCC) represents approximately 95% of all penile neoplasms. Despite its rarity and most common presentation at later decades of life most individuals diagnosed with PSCC are faced with significant decrease in quality of life. The prevalence and incidence vary among different regions and populations, but a common trend is for diagnosis to occur late (stage 4). Underdeveloped countries are traditionally reported to have higher incidence rates; however, rates may vary significantly between urban and rural areas even in developed countries. Age adjusted rates are on the rise in some countries that used to have incidence rates of 1:100 000 or less. The list of associated risk factors is long and includes among others, lack of neonatal circumcision, poor genital hygiene, socioeconomic status, history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN). Many risk factors are widely debated among experts however HPV and PeIN are indisputable risk factors, and both also form part of the classification system for PSCC. Both conditions may have occurred in the past or be present at the time of diagnosis and identifying them plays a major role in management strategies. For such a rare condition PSCC can present in many different forms clinically making diagnosis no easy feat. Diagnosis of PSCC is done through clinical examination, including lymph node palpation, followed by a biopsy, which is essential for the classification. Lymph node involvement is a common finding at first presentation and investigation of spread to deep nodes is important and can be done with the aid of PET-CT. Treatment options for PSCC include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Surgical removal of the tumor is considered the most effective however can lead to severe decrease of quality of life. Chemotherapy is used in the case of fixed or bulky lymph nodes, where surgery is not indicated, and for distant metastasis. Radiation therapy is particularly effective in the case of HPV-positive PSCC.
PubMed: 38841163
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1375882 -
BMC Public Health Jun 2024Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections can cause cancers of the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, anus, and oropharynx. The most recently approved HPV vaccine, Gardasil-9,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections can cause cancers of the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, anus, and oropharynx. The most recently approved HPV vaccine, Gardasil-9, protects against HPV infection and can prevent HPV-associated invasive cancers. However, Gardasil-9 is one of the most underused vaccines in the US today. Young adults are at risk for HPV infection, but many are not vaccinated. This study uses a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test an innovative multilevel intervention to increase HPV vaccination rates among young adults. In this paper, we describe the research protocol.
METHODS
The study uses a two by three factorial design. A total of 1200 young adults in Texas, age 18-26 years, who have not been previously fully vaccinated against HPV will be randomly assigned to one of six conditions to receive: (1) standard CDC information about HPV vaccination (control); (2) video narratives about HPV vaccination; (3) written narratives about HPV vaccination; or (4-6) enhanced access to HPV vaccine combined with (4) standard CDC information, (5) video narratives, or (6) written narratives. The two primary outcomes are the rate of HPV vaccination initiation by 3-month follow-up and rate of HPV vaccination completion by 9-month follow-ups. We will determine the impact of the individual level intervention (i.e., persuasive narratives through video or written format), the systemic level intervention (i.e., enhanced access to HPV vaccines), and the combination of both levels, on HPV vaccination initiation and completion. We will also use purposive sampling to select participants to take part in semi-structured interviews/focus groups to better understand the mechanisms of the intervention.
DISCUSSION
Recruitment and data collection began in March 2022. We expect to complete data collection by March 2026. We expect that narratives, enhanced access, and the combination of both will improve HPV vaccination initiation and completion rates among young adults. If proven successful, these individual- and system-level interventions can be easily disseminated in regions with low HPV vaccination rates to improve HPV vaccination, and ultimately decrease HPV-related cancer burden.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT05057312.
Topics: Humans; Texas; Young Adult; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Papillomavirus Infections; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Male; Health Promotion; Vaccination
PubMed: 38840086
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18828-9 -
Veterinary Journal (London, England :... Jun 2024Penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are common, potentially life-threatening neoplasms of horses. They are well-recognized to be caused by Equus caballus...
Penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are common, potentially life-threatening neoplasms of horses. They are well-recognized to be caused by Equus caballus papillomavirus (EcPV) type 2, although EcPV2 cannot be detected in all cases. A 23-year-old standardbred gelding developed multiple penile in situ and invasive SCCs that contained histological evidence of PV infection. By using both consensus and specific PCR primers, these lesions were found to contain EcPV7 DNA, but not DNA from EcPV2 or any other PV type. To determine how frequently EcPV7 is present in equine penile SCCs, specific primers were used to detect EcPV2 and EcPV7 in a series of 20 archived samples. EcPV7 was the only PV detected in one, both EcPV2 and 7 were detected in five, and only EcPV2 was detected in 14 SCCs. EcPV7 DNA was also detected in three of 10 archived oropharyngeal SCCs, although only as a co- infection with EcPV2. This is the first report of EcPV7 causing disease in horses. These results suggest EcPV7 could cause a subset of equine penile SCCs, and this is the first evidence that PV types other than EcPV2 can cause these neoplasms. The detection of EcPV7 in the oropharyngeal SCCs suggests a potential role of this PV type in the development of these SCCs. There were no clinical or histological features that differentiated lesions containing EcPV7 DNA from those containing EcPV2 DNA. If EcPV7 causes a proportion of equine penile SCCs, vaccines to prevent EcPV2 infection may not prevent all equine penile SCCs.
PubMed: 38838769
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106155 -
Basic and Clinical Andrology Jun 2024Penile prosthesis implantation is the last resort for refractory erectile dysfunction. Reservoir placement is one of the biggest challenges in inflatable penile...
Long-term results of three-part penile prosthesis implantation with Ectopic reservoir placement in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: is supramuscular tubulation a reliable method?
BACKGROUND
Penile prosthesis implantation is the last resort for refractory erectile dysfunction. Reservoir placement is one of the biggest challenges in inflatable penile prosthesis implant surgery in several cases, especially in patients with abnormal pelvic anatomy. Ectopic reservoir placement with supramuscular approach has many advantages in these cases.
RESULTS
No complications were encountered except wound site infection in 2 patients which could be controlled with antibiotic treatment. EDITS scores were not statistically different between patients divided into 2-year groups according to follow-up time. Median values of EDITS scores were high in all groups, suggesting that couples had high sexual satisfaction both in the long term and in the short term.
CONCLUSIONS
We recommend placement of the supramuscular tube and reservoir through the incision described, especially in patients whose pelvic anatomy has been modified by lower abdominal surgery.
PubMed: 38831330
DOI: 10.1186/s12610-024-00225-2 -
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease May 2024
PubMed: 38825297
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2024.102728 -
Cureus Apr 2024We report the case of a 22-year-old heterosexual man presenting with a pruritic rash to the sexual health clinic. He was initially suspected of having a fungal rash by...
We report the case of a 22-year-old heterosexual man presenting with a pruritic rash to the sexual health clinic. He was initially suspected of having a fungal rash by his general practitioner (GP) and treated with antifungals unsuccessfully. Subsequent testing revealed an active infection with . This was complicated by the concurrent fungal infection of the penile skin resulting in multiple lesions, requiring both antibiotic and antifungal treatment. With this case report, we hope to raise awareness amongst clinicians in non-traditional settings of the uncommon ways in which syphilis can present and to always consider it as a differential diagnosis, particularly in less likely populations.
PubMed: 38813282
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59281 -
Open Veterinary Journal Apr 2024Bloody urine is classified in farm animals as hematuria, hemoglobinuria, and myoglobinuria. In small ruminants, discolored urine is reported due to several etiologies...
BACKGROUND
Bloody urine is classified in farm animals as hematuria, hemoglobinuria, and myoglobinuria. In small ruminants, discolored urine is reported due to several etiologies which is sometimes fatal. Of these causes are babesiosis, bacillary hemoglobinuria, copper toxicity, and hypophosphatemia.
AIM
This study was designed to investigate the clinical, etiological, hematobiochemical, ultrasonographic, and pathological findings in rams and bucks with red urine syndrome.
METHODS
Eighteen male animals (nine rams and nine bucks) of 6 months to 3 years were examined. Parallel, 10 healthy controls were used. They were admitted due to red urine, voiding of only urine drops, straining during the act of urination, grunting during urination, ventral abdominal edema, and abdominal distension. The duration of the disease ranged from 2 to 30 days. A history of chronic copper toxicosis was informed in two bucks and a ram. Two blood samples were collected from diseased as well as from controls in EDTA tubes (for complete blood count testing) and in plain tubes (for serum collection).
RESULTS
Hematuria was found in 11 animals (seven bucks and four rams) while hemoglobinuria was detected in seven animals (five bucks and two rams). Sonographic findings in diseased animals included ruptured urinary bladder in 3, ruptured urethra in 5, penile calculi, uroperitoneum in 6, distended urinary bladder in 7, hydronephrosis in 5, echogenic deposits in the bladder in 3, and ventral urine accumulation in four animals. Laboratory evaluation of a Geimsa-stained blood smear confirmed the infection with Babesia in three bucks and a ram. Hemolytic anemia was marked in two bucks and a ram due to chronic copper toxicity. Biochemical abnormalities included hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentration, and hyperglycemia. Postmortem examination was carried out on six animals (four rams and two bucks).
CONCLUSION
Discolored urine in rams and bucks in this study resulted from hematuria due to urinary calculi and pelvic abscessation or from hemoglobinuria due to Babesia infection or due to copper toxicity. Hemolytic anemia was the outstanding hematological finding and hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, and hyperglycemia were the characteristic biochemical findings. Sonography of the urinary tract was very helpful in assessing the renal parenchyma, urinary bladder, and abdominal cavity for the verification of urolithiasis, hydronephrosis, intact or ruptured urinary bladder, uroperitoneum, and perforated urethra.
Topics: Animals; Male; Goat Diseases; Sheep Diseases; Sheep; Goats; Ultrasonography; Hematuria; Hemoglobinuria
PubMed: 38808288
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i4.13 -
Viruses May 2024Epidemiological studies have shown that HPV-related diseases are the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections. In this context, this report will present various... (Review)
Review
Epidemiological studies have shown that HPV-related diseases are the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections. In this context, this report will present various clinical cases demonstrating the effectiveness of Acyclovir (ACV) or its prodrug Valaciclovir (VCV), both acyclic guanosine analogs commonly used for the treatment of HHV-1 and HHV-2, for the treatment of HPV-related diseases. The report shows the remission of five cases of penile condyloma and a case of remission in a woman affected by cervical and vaginal condylomas and a vulvar giant condyloma acuminate of Buschke and Lowenstein. The literature review shows that ACV is effective in treating skin warts when administered orally, topically, and intralesionally, suggesting its therapeutic potential in other diseases associated with HPV. ACV was also used successfully as an adjuvant therapy for juvenile and adult forms of laryngeal papillomatosis, also known as recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, prolonging the patient's symptom-free periods. Although the prevention of HPV infections is certainly achieved with the HPV vaccine, ACV and VCV have shown to be effective even against genotypes not included in the current vaccine and can be helpful for those problematic clinical cases involving unvaccinated individuals, immunocompromised patients, people who live with HIV, or non-responders to the vaccine. We and others concluded that randomized clinical trials are necessary to determine the efficacy of ACV and VCV for HPV-related diseases.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Acyclovir; Antiviral Agents; Papillomavirus Infections; Treatment Outcome; Valacyclovir
PubMed: 38793636
DOI: 10.3390/v16050756