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Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Berries are highly perishable and susceptible to spoilage, resulting in significant food and economic losses. The use of chemicals in traditional postharvest protection... (Review)
Review
Berries are highly perishable and susceptible to spoilage, resulting in significant food and economic losses. The use of chemicals in traditional postharvest protection techniques can harm both human health and the environment. Consequently, there is an increasing interest in creating environmentally friendly solutions for postharvest protection. This article discusses various approaches, including the use of "green" chemical compounds such as ozone and peracetic acid, biocontrol agents, physical treatments, and modern technologies such as the use of nanostructures and molecular tools. The potential of these alternatives is evaluated in terms of their effect on microbial growth, nutritional value, and physicochemical and sensorial properties of the berries. Moreover, the development of nanotechnology, molecular biology, and artificial intelligence offers a wide range of opportunities to develop formulations using nanostructures, improving the functionality of the coatings by enhancing their physicochemical and antimicrobial properties and providing protection to bioactive compounds. Some challenges remain for their implementation into the food industry such as scale-up and regulatory policies. However, the use of sustainable postharvest protection methods can help to reduce the negative impacts of chemical treatments and improve the availability of safe and quality berries.
PubMed: 37685092
DOI: 10.3390/foods12173159 -
International Journal of Food... Nov 2023The potential of using commercial peroxyacetic acid (PAA) for Vibrio parahaemolyticus sanitization was evaluated. Commercial PAA of 0.005 % (v/v, PAA: 2.24 mg/L,...
Efficacy of commercial peroxyacetic acid on Vibrio parahaemolyticus planktonic cells and biofilms on stainless steel and Greenshell™ mussel (Perna canaliculus) surfaces.
The potential of using commercial peroxyacetic acid (PAA) for Vibrio parahaemolyticus sanitization was evaluated. Commercial PAA of 0.005 % (v/v, PAA: 2.24 mg/L, hydrogen peroxide: 11.79 mg/L) resulted in a planktonic cell reduction of >7.00 log CFU/mL when initial V. parahaemolyticus cells averaged 7.64 log CFU/mL. For cells on stainless steel coupons, treatment of 0.02 % PAA (v/v, PAA: 8.96 mg/L, hydrogen peroxide: 47.16 mg/L) achieved >5.00 log CFU/cm reductions in biofilm cells for eight strains but not for the two strongest biofilm formers. PAA of 0.05 % (v/v, PAA: 22.39 mg/L, hydrogen peroxide: 117.91 mg/L) was required to inactivate >5.00 log CFU/cm biofilm cells from mussel shell surfaces. The detection of PAA residues after biofilm treatment demonstrated that higher biofilm production resulted in higher PAA residues (p < 0.05), suggesting biofilm is acting as a barrier interfering with PAA diffusing into the matrices. Based on the comparative analysis of genomes, robust biofilm formation and metabolic heterogeneity within niches might have contributed to the variations in PAA resistance of V. parahaemolyticus biofilms.
Topics: Animals; Perna; Hydrogen Peroxide; Peracetic Acid; Stainless Steel; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Biofilms; Plankton
PubMed: 37672942
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110372 -
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Aug 2023There is an urgent need to establish protocols on how to protect salmonids in aquaculture from outbreaks of proliferative kidney disease (PKD). For this purpose, systems...
There is an urgent need to establish protocols on how to protect salmonids in aquaculture from outbreaks of proliferative kidney disease (PKD). For this purpose, systems for a continuous application of peracetic acid (PAA, 0.1 mg l-1) and of ultraviolet C light (UV-C, 323.5-158.6 mW s cm-2) were installed in the inlet of raceway-channels within a sub-unit of a commercial rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss farm. After 127 d of rearing, a fish health examination was conducted. Fish in the control and PAA treatment groups showed signs of PKD. In contrast, fish in the UV-C treatment group showed almost no signs of disease based on clinical examinations and necropsy. This observation indicates that UV-C irradiation could be a promising tool to protect fish from PKD in the future.
Topics: Animals; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Aquaculture; Bays; Disease Outbreaks; Kidney Diseases
PubMed: 37650481
DOI: 10.3354/dao03744 -
Poultry Science Oct 2023The most significant occurrence of food-borne diseases is due to Campylobacter and Salmonella contamination from chicken meat, and for this reason, strict regulations... (Review)
Review
The most significant occurrence of food-borne diseases is due to Campylobacter and Salmonella contamination from chicken meat, and for this reason, strict regulations about strategies to improve the control of food pathogens are imposed by food safety authorities. Despite the efforts of poultry industry since the beginning of risk analysis and critical control point to reduce the burden of food-borne illness, technological barriers along the way are increasingly necessary to ensure safe food. The aim of this review was to carry out a scientific approach to the influence of peracetic acid (PAA) as an antimicrobial and its toxicological safety, in particular the stabilizer used in the formulation of PAA, 1-hydroxyethylidene 1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), suggesting the possibility of researching the residual HEDP in meat, which would allow the approval of the PAA by the health authorities of several countries that still restrict it. This review also aims to ascertain the effectiveness of PAA, in different cuts and carcasses, by different application methods, comparing the effectiveness of this antimicrobial with other antimicrobials, and its exclusive or combined use, for the decontamination of poultry carcasses and raw parts. The literature results support the popularity of PAA as an effective intervention against pathogenic bacteria during poultry processing.
Topics: Animals; Peracetic Acid; Chickens; Etidronic Acid; Anti-Infective Agents; Campylobacter; Meat; Poultry; Foodborne Diseases; Food Microbiology; Food Handling
PubMed: 37634267
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103003 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and peracetic acid (PAA) are commonly used disinfectants with a maximum recommended concentration of 200 ppm for food-contact surfaces. The...
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and peracetic acid (PAA) are commonly used disinfectants with a maximum recommended concentration of 200 ppm for food-contact surfaces. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of pH and water hardness on NaOCl and PAA efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 on stainless steel (SS). The two disinfectants were prepared at 200 ppm in water of hardness 150 or 300 ppm with the final pH adjusted to 5, 6, 7, or 8. Disinfectants were applied to virus-contaminated SS for one minute at room temperature following the ASTM E2197 standard assay. SARS-CoV-2 infectivity was quantified using TCID50 assay on Vero-E6 cells. In general, increasingly hard water decreased the efficacy of NaOCl while increasing the efficacy of PAA. Hard water at 300 ppm significantly increased virus log reduction with PAA at pH 8 by ~1.5 log. The maximum virus log reductions were observed at pH 5 for both NaOCl (~1.2 log) and PAA (~2 log) at 150 and 300 ppm hard water, respectively. In conclusion, PAA performed significantly better than NaOCl with harder water. However, both disinfectants at 200 ppm and one minute were not effective (≤3 log) against SARS-CoV-2 on contaminated food-contact surfaces, which may facilitate the role of these surfaces in virus transmission.
PubMed: 37627980
DOI: 10.3390/foods12162981 -
International Journal of Food... Dec 2023The disinfectant peracetic acid (PAA) that is used in the food industry can cause sublethal injury in L. monocytogenes. The effect of preculture temperature on the...
The disinfectant peracetic acid (PAA) that is used in the food industry can cause sublethal injury in L. monocytogenes. The effect of preculture temperature on the inactivation and sublethal injury of L. monocytogenes cells due to PAA was evaluated by plating on non-selective and selective agar medium supplemented with 5 % (w/v) NaCl. L. monocytogenes cells were precultured at 30 °C, 20 °C or 4 °C, and the former was used as reference temperature. Preculture of cells at 20 °C or 4 °C and subsequent exposure to PAA at the respective growth temperatures caused higher injury compared to cells grown at 30 °C and exposed to PAA 20 °C and PAA 4 °C, respectively. Survival was also affected by the preculture temperature; 20 °C-grown cultures resulted in lower survival at PAA 20 °C. Nevertheless, preculture at 4 °C resulted in a similar number of surviving cells when exposed to PAA 4 °C compared to cells precultured at 30 °C and exposed to PAA at 4 °C. Flow cytometry was subsequently used to quantify outgrowth capacity of stressed and sublethal damaged populations following sorting of single cells in nutrient rich medium (Tryptone soy broth supplemented with yeast extract [TSBY]). PAA treatment affected the outgrowth of L. monocytogenes at single-cell level resulting in increased outgrowth-times reflecting higher single cell heterogeneity. To conclude, the response of L. monocytogenes when exposed to PAA depended on the preculture conditions, and the highly heterogeneous outgrowth potential of PAA-injured cells may affect their detection accuracy and pose a food safety risk.
Topics: Temperature; Peracetic Acid; Food Microbiology; Colony Count, Microbial; Listeria monocytogenes
PubMed: 37625263
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110335 -
Water Research Sep 2023Harmful algal blooms negatively impact freshwater, estuarine, and marine systems worldwide, including those used for drinking water, recreation, and aquaculture, through... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Harmful algal blooms negatively impact freshwater, estuarine, and marine systems worldwide, including those used for drinking water, recreation, and aquaculture, through the production of toxic and nontoxic secondary metabolites as well as hypoxic events that occur when algal blooms degrade. Consequently, water resource managers often utilize chemical, bacterial, physical, and/or plant-based treatments to control algal blooms and improve water quality. However, awareness of available treatments may be limited, and there is ambiguity among the effects of algal bloom treatments across studies. Such variation within the literature and lack of knowledge of other tested treatments leave uncertainty for water resource managers when deciding what treatments are best to control algal blooms and improve water quality. Our primary objective was to synthesize data from 39 published and unpublished studies that used one of 28 chemical, bacterial, physical, and/or plant-based treatments in field experiments on various water quality measurements, including phytoplankton pigments and cell density, cyanobacterial toxins (microcystin), and common off-flavors (i.e., taste and odor compounds; geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol). We hypothesized that treatments would improve water quality. Across all studies and treatment types (227 effect sizes), water quality improvements were observed when measured at the time of greatest decline following treatment or at the end of the experiment. However, these findings were primarily mediated by only four chemicals, namely copper sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, and simazine. None of the bacterial, physical, or plant-based treatments were shown to significantly improve water quality by themselves. Results from this synthesis quantitatively showed that most treatments fail to improve water quality in the field and highlight the need for more research on existing and alternative treatments.
Topics: Cyanobacteria; Phytoplankton; Fresh Water; Harmful Algal Bloom; Water Quality
PubMed: 37544109
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120342 -
Regenerative Therapy Dec 2023Cell processing operators (CPOs) use a variety of disinfectants that vaporize in the workspace environment. These disinfectants can induce allergic reactions in CPOs,...
Volatile organic compounds and ionic substances contamination in cell processing facilities during rest period; a preliminary assessment of exposure to cell processing operators.
INTRODUCTION
Cell processing operators (CPOs) use a variety of disinfectants that vaporize in the workspace environment. These disinfectants can induce allergic reactions in CPOs, due to their long working hours at cell processing facilities (CPFs). Ionic substances such as CHCOO generated from peracetic acid, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) from outdoor environment are also known to pollute air. Therefore, our objective was to assess the air quality in CPFs and detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from disinfectants and building materials, and airborne ionic substances from outdoor air.
METHODS
Sampling was conducted at three CPFs: two located in medical institutions and one located at a different institution. Air samples were collected using a flow pump. Ion chromatographic analysis of the anionic and cationic compounds was performed. For VOC analysis, a thermal desorption analyzer coupled with capillary gas chromatograph and flame ionization detector was used.
RESULTS
Analysis of the ionic substances showed that Cl, NOx, and SOx, which were detected in large amounts in the outdoor air, were relatively less in the CPFs. Ethanol was detected as the main component in the VOC analysis. Toluene was detected at all sampling points. As compared to the other environments, air in the incubator contained larger amounts of VOCs, that included siloxane, tetradecane, and aromatics.
CONCLUSIONS
No VOCs or ionic substances of immediate concern to the health of the CPOs were detected during the non-operating period. However, new clinical trials of cell products are currently underway in Japan, and a variety of new cell products are expected to be approved. With an increase in cell processing, health risks to CPOs that have not been considered previously, may become apparent. We should continue to prepare for the future expansion of the industry using a scientific approach to collect various pieces of information and make it publicly available to build a database.
PubMed: 37519908
DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.07.002 -
Poultry Science Oct 2023Organic poultry constitutes a sizeable segment of the American organic commodities market. However, processors have limited strategies that are safe, effective, and...
Organic poultry constitutes a sizeable segment of the American organic commodities market. However, processors have limited strategies that are safe, effective, and approved for improving the microbiological safety of products. In this study, the efficacy of 3 plant-derived antimicrobials (PDAs), eugenol (EG), carvacrol (CR), and β-resorcylic acid (BR) was evaluated against Salmonella on organic chicken wings and carcasses. Wings inoculated with Salmonella (6 log CFU/wing) were treated with or without the treatments (BR [0.5%, 1% w/v], EG [0.5%, 1% v/v], CR [0.5%, 1% v/v], chlorine [CL; 200 ppm v/v], or peracetic acid [PA; 200 ppm v/v]) applied for 2 min at 54°C (scalding study) or 30 min at 4°C (chilling study). Homogenates and treatment water were evaluated for surviving Salmonella. Six wings or carcasses per treatment were analyzed in each study. All treatments, except CL and 0.5% BR in the scalding study, yielded significant reductions of Salmonella on wings compared to the positive control (PC-Salmonella inoculated samples not treated with antimicrobials). To follow, carcasses inoculated with Salmonella (higher inoculum [10 CFU/carcass] or lower inoculum [10 CFU/carcass]) and immersed in antimicrobials (CR 1% [v/v] and industry controls [CL {200 ppm}, or PA [200 ppm]) for 30 min at 4°C were stored until analysis. For the higher inoculum study, 1% CR resulted in a 3.9 log CFU/g reduction of Salmonella on the carcass on d 0 compared to PC (P < 0.05); however, CL yielded no reduction. On d 3, CR and PA resulted in 0.9 and 1.2 log CFU/g reduction of Salmonella, respectively (P < 0.05). For the lower inoculum study, consistent Salmonella reductions were obtained with CR and PA (1.4-2.1 log CFU/g) on d 0 and 7. High reductions of Salmonella in processing water were obtained in all studies. CR effectively controls Salmonella on wings and carcasses and in processing water immediately after application. Follow-up studies on the organoleptic characteristics of PDA-treated chicken carcasses are necessary.
Topics: Animals; Eugenol; Chickens; Food Microbiology; Anti-Infective Agents; Salmonella; Water; Colony Count, Microbial; Food Handling
PubMed: 37517363
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102886 -
Microorganisms Jul 2023Feline panleukopenia (FPL) is a highly contagious acute infectious disease caused by feline parvovirus (FPV). FPV has also been found in giant pandas with clinical signs...
Feline panleukopenia (FPL) is a highly contagious acute infectious disease caused by feline parvovirus (FPV). FPV has also been found in giant pandas with clinical signs of vomiting and mild diarrhea, posing a threat to this vulnerable species. Cleaning and disinfection may be one of the most efficacious ways to prevent FPV spread in the habitat of giant pandas. This study evaluated the inactivation effect of peracetic acid (PAA), povidone-iodine (PVP-I), glutaral and deciquam solution (JM) and Virkon S. The tissue culture infective dose (TCID) assay indicated that the virus may be totally inactivated by JM, PAA and Virkon S. Meanwhile, the hemagglutination (HA) assay showed a high inactivation efficiency of PAA and Virkon S. The analysis of Western blot revealed that PAA, Virkon S and JM can inhibit the structural protein synthesis. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that PAA could rapidly and efficiently inactivate FPV, representing an efficacious disinfectant for FPV control.
PubMed: 37513017
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071844