-
Ui Sahak Apr 2024This article analyzes the "account book" of Kim Young-hoon (1882-1974), which summarizes information about patients at his Bochun Clinic in Seoul (then Gyeongseong) in...
This article analyzes the "account book" of Kim Young-hoon (1882-1974), which summarizes information about patients at his Bochun Clinic in Seoul (then Gyeongseong) in 1931. Kim Young-hoon was a pivotal figure in the medical scene throughout the Korean Empire, the Japanese occupation, and the early years of the Republic of Korea. He left behind a large amount of documentation during his 60 years of practice at the Bochun Clinic, which he opened in the spring of 1909. In particular, the 1931 "account book" offers an insight into the daily life histories of his patients. Among the patient-visitors recorded in the account book, there were many influential people of the time, ranging from privileged individuals to anti-Japanese independence activists, from those in political and economic fields to those in academic and entertainment fields. At the same time, a significant number of lower-class people also visited the Clinic. Geographically, patients were centered in the city center of the capital, Gyeongseong, but were also widely distributed throughout the country. There are indications that those from the rural areas stayed in the homes of their acquaintances in Seoul. As such, the account book provides a tangible, concrete picture of the clinic's management for the year 1931, including visitor demographics, visiting diagnoses, telephone consultations, and the total cost of medicinal prescriptions. Because the account book is a one-year statistic, it has its limitations; however, it is the smallest unit that can be analyzed statistically. It provides insights into how many people came in over the course of a year and how much they spent. The expenditures are kept per individual family. The patient's name, prescribed medication, and the price of the medicine are mandatorily included, and in many cases, the place of residence and family relationships are also noted. The account book shows several layers of householders, servants, and employees in the extended family; it also shows people in various occupations. A few privileged families accounted for nearly half of the total expenditures, and the powerful visited frequently, utilizing Oriental medicine for many of their daily needs. For some, the Bochun Clinic is reminiscent of the royal temples of the dynasties. Patients come from the center and suburbs of Seoul, as well as from all over the country. In one year, more than one thousand types of prescriptions are issued and the total cost of medicines is about 33 seom (≒180 liters of rice). Although there is a concentration of high-frequency prescriptions, more than a thousand prescriptions are prescribed only once, which shows that the practice is specialized for each individual. Patient visits, consultations, and telephone use are observed, and the use of new drugs, quinine, and special ginseng as one-herb medication (danbang) are also noticeable. The statistical analysis of the 1931 Bochun Clinic "account book" can serve as a milestone for comparative analysis of the patterns of herbal medicine use before and after that year. Meanwhile, the Bochun Clinic "account book" shows the continuation of traditional practices of herbal medicine by both the powerful and the masses. On the one hand, Koreans responded to the coercive tide of modernity symbolized by the Imperial Governorate of Japan, but on the other hand, they were unwilling to let go of tradition and their own authority. While actively embracing the tide of civilization, Koreans also internalized their own rationality and sought to open a new path forward, a sentiment discernible between the lines of the "account book."
Topics: History, 20th Century; Humans; Japan; Medicine, East Asian Traditional; Seoul; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Republic of Korea; East Asian People
PubMed: 38768991
DOI: 10.13081/kjmh.2024.33.59 -
BMC Palliative Care May 2024Indigenous palliative persons and their families often have different values, spiritual traditions, and practices from Western culture and Canadian health systems....
BACKGROUND
Indigenous palliative persons and their families often have different values, spiritual traditions, and practices from Western culture and Canadian health systems. Additionally, many healthcare policies and practices have been established without adequate consultation of the Indigenous populations they are meant to serve. This can result in barriers to Innu receiving culturally safe end-of-life care. Innu community leaders from Sheshatshiu, Labrador, have identified a need for further research in this area. The purpose of this study is to: (1) describe the cultural and spiritual practices related to death and dying of the Innu in Sheshatshiu; (2) identify aspects of current end-of-life care delivery that serve and/or fail to meet the cultural and spiritual needs of the Innu in Sheshatshiu; and (3) explore ways to integrate current end-of-life care delivery practices with Innu cultural and spiritual practices to achieve culturally safer care delivery for the Innu.
METHODS
This qualitative patient-oriented research study was co-led by Innu investigators and an Innu advisory committee to conduct semi-structured interviews of 5 healthcare providers and 6 decision-makers serving the community of Sheshatshiu and a focus group of 5 Innu Elders in Sheshatshiu. Data was analyzed thematically from verbatim transcripts. The codebook, preliminary themes, and final themes were all reviewed by Innu community members, and any further input from them was then incorporated. Quotations in this article are attributed to Innu Elders by name at the Elders' request.
RESULTS
The findings are described using eight themes, which describe the following: relationships and visitation support a "peaceful death"; traditional locations of death and dying; the important role of friends and community in providing care; flexibility and communication regarding cultural practices; adequate and appropriate supports and services; culturally-informed policies and leadership; and Innu care providers and patient navigators.
CONCLUSIONS
The Innu in Sheshatshiu have a rich culture that contributes to the health, care, and overall well-being of Innu people approaching end of life. Western medicine is often beneficial in the care that it provides; however, it becomes culturally unsafe when it fails to take Innu cultural and spiritual knowledge and traditions into account.
Topics: Humans; Terminal Care; Qualitative Research; Female; Male; Aged; Middle Aged; Canada
PubMed: 38760796
DOI: 10.1186/s12904-024-01431-5 -
Autism : the International Journal of... May 2024The assumption that autistic people lack empathy, particularly imagining how others feel, has been much debated and is now being challenged by an alternative view: the...
The assumption that autistic people lack empathy, particularly imagining how others feel, has been much debated and is now being challenged by an alternative view: the 'double empathy problem'. This suggests that non-autistic people may find it equally difficult to imagine how autistic people feel. Although this perspective is gaining popularity, research testing whether non-autistic people can accurately imagine and feel an autistic person's emotions is still limited. Our study used video clips of autistic and non-autistic people recounting emotional events to test if participants from the general population could: track the intensity of the narrators' emotions; name and feel the same emotion; match where the narrator felt the emotion and indicate how intensely they felt the emotion using a body map. Our results show that participants found it significantly harder to track autistic narrators' emotions compared to non-autistic narrator's emotions, especially when viewing clips of narrators feeling happy and sad. We also found that participants felt emotions more intensely in the body when viewing clips of autistic narrators compared to non-autistic narrators, especially when describing anger and fear. These findings support the double empathy problem and have strong implications for therapeutic and interpersonal relationships with autistic people.
PubMed: 38757626
DOI: 10.1177/13623613241252320 -
European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2024There has been growing concern regarding increasing levels of post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms experienced by healthcare workers (HCW) in the UK, particularly...
There has been growing concern regarding increasing levels of post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms experienced by healthcare workers (HCW) in the UK, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic. PTS symptom typologies have been investigated in other adult populations using person-centred latent variable approaches, revealing profiles showing differing symptom levels and patterns. We aimed to explore typologies among clinical and non-clinical healthcare staff to elucidate heterogeneity of presentation. : This was a retrospective study using referral data from treatment-seeking healthcare staff in the North of England ( = 1600) We employed latent profile analysis using the PTSD International Trauma Questionnaire domains as profile indicators. We included covariates relating to role-type, depression, anxiety and mental health concerns before March of 2020. : A model with six profiles fit the data best. Profile names were given as follows: 'No symptom'; 'Low symptom'; 'Low symptom (moderate Sense of current threat (Th_dx) and Functional impairment (FI))'; 'Moderate symptom (low Th_dx and high Avoidance (Av_dx))'; 'Moderate symptom'; and 'High symptom'. Covariates were shown to have differential predictive power on profile membership. : The finding of profiles with pattern differences suggests a need for both differential and specifically targeted treatments, as well as a consideration of early intervention for those individuals with subclinical PTS symptoms. As expected, anxiety and depression were both predictors of several of the symptomatic profiles, with anxiety producing a larger effect. Further research is required to fully understand the link between role-type and PTS symptom typologies among HCW. .
Topics: Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Health Personnel; COVID-19; Female; Male; Adult; Retrospective Studies; England; Surveys and Questionnaires; Middle Aged; SARS-CoV-2; Anxiety; Depression
PubMed: 38753619
DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2351323 -
International Journal of Nursing... Jun 2024: The number of individuals undergoing maintenance haemodialysis has continued to increase in recent years. This treatment method can lead to social isolation, which has...
BACKGROUND
: The number of individuals undergoing maintenance haemodialysis has continued to increase in recent years. This treatment method can lead to social isolation, which has a significant impact on an individual's health. Unfortunately, research on this issue is insufficient, and no effective interventions have been developed. Moreover, existing research lacks attention to and understanding of patient aspirations-a critical area that warrants further exploration.
OBJECTIVES
: We aimed to reveal the natural coping trajectory of individuals undergoing maintenance haemodialysis in the context of social isolation to provide a useful reference for further research and the development of effective interventions.
DESIGN
: This was a descriptive qualitative study.
SETTING S
This study was conducted at a haemodialysis centre in a provincial capital city of northern China.
PARTICIPANTS
Using maximum variant and purposive sampling, we recruited 15 patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis.
METHODS
: The interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data were analysed using deductive content analysis.
RESULTS
Three themes were identified: (a) prerequisites for coping with social isolation; (b) maintaining the bond between coping and social isolation; and (c) the results of coping with social isolation. These themes revealed the natural trajectory of individuals undergoing maintenance haemodialysis in dealing with social isolation.
CONCLUSION
: We interpreted the findings to mean that it was necessary to establish a three-way linkage among family, hospitals, and society to develop multicomponent and multilevel intervention measures.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
: A study of the response of individuals undergoing maintenance haemodialysis to social isolation revealed their coping trajectory and conveyed their aspirations.
PubMed: 38746804
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100193 -
International Journal of Nursing... Jun 2024Across international healthcare systems, healthcare assistant roles have proliferated, in part to decrease nursing costs and support workplace staffing. There is a lack...
BACKGROUND
Across international healthcare systems, healthcare assistant roles have proliferated, in part to decrease nursing costs and support workplace staffing. There is a lack of consensus about the professional title for healthcare assistants, and whether this group requires professional regulation. The variety of terms for healthcare assistants has resulted in confusion around their scope of practice and role within the healthcare team, which may influence patient care.
AIM
We aimed to identify the terminology used for healthcare assistants across English speaking countries and determine the international status of professional regulation of healthcare assistants.
METHOD
We conducted a deductive, structured search for healthcare assistant roles that were codified on English-language nursing regulator websites in each jurisdiction in Australia, New Zealand, USA, Canada, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. We assessed what terminology were used for healthcare assistant roles in each area, and whether they were regulated by a professional regulator, such as a college of nursing.
RESULTS
Across 77 jurisdictions, we identified 37 different terms for healthcare assistants. The most frequent term was Certified Nurse Aid with 24 uses, and Certified Nursing Assistant with 13 uses. The majority of healthcare assistants are not professionally regulated. Only 12 jurisdictions have professional regulation programs for healthcare assistants, all in the USA.
CONCLUSION
There is an urgent need for international consensus about the nomenclature for healthcare assistants, so the healthcare assistant workforce can be supported, and their work evaluated via research studies. Regulators can consider how to engage with healthcare assistants and protect the public, as healthcare assistants provide an increasing proportion of patient care.
PubMed: 38746790
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100200 -
Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria Jul 2024was an early designation used for cervical dystonia. The origin of this name is attributed to French physician and writer François Rabelais in the mid-sixteenth...
was an early designation used for cervical dystonia. The origin of this name is attributed to French physician and writer François Rabelais in the mid-sixteenth century. This early description of torticollis in the book was an inspiration for the understanding of cervical dystonia. The art expressed in Rabelais' literature ‒ which was immortalized by the drawings of Gustave Doré ‒ influenced poetry, art, and photography, and led to the adoption of the term in the neurological sciences.
Topics: Torticollis; France; History, 16th Century; Neurology; Famous Persons
PubMed: 38740023
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786764 -
Exploratory Research in Clinical and... Jun 2024Interrogating the literature is among the first steps a researcher undertakes when actuating a research project or also when any scholar might seek to know what has been...
Interrogating the literature is among the first steps a researcher undertakes when actuating a research project or also when any scholar might seek to know what has been done in an area, best practices for conducting a certain activity, or simply to seek answers for a question ranging from one's own personal curiosity to those that might affect departmental or institutional guidance. Decisions on the type of review process to undertake is one that is not taken lightly. This methods commentary outlines the reasons for conducting a scoping review versus a systematic review for topics related to pharmacy education. Considerations for conducting the scoping review are outlined including considerations for writing a protocol prior to conducting a scoping review, to potential platforms to use for transparency of sharing data, processes related to guidelines for data extraction and types of search strategies utilized.
PubMed: 38737524
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100448 -
Heliyon May 2024The global concern regarding protection against the COVID-19 variants through pre-existing antibodies from vaccination or previous infection is evident. Reports from...
BACKGROUND
The global concern regarding protection against the COVID-19 variants through pre-existing antibodies from vaccination or previous infection is evident. Reports from around the world indicate that a considerable number of healthcare professionals/individuals experience re-infection despite being vaccinated. Moreover, several studies have highlighted cases of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 re-infection, specifically among individuals who have been vaccinated. Understanding the factors that contribute to these re-infections is crucial for implementing effective public health measures and enhancing vaccination strategies.
METHOD
A comprehensive search was conducted between January 1, 2021, and February 14, 2024, using various reputable sources such as PubMed, Google scholar, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and others. The search aimed to retrieve relevant research on topics related to "world nations" and phrases like "COVID-19 vaccination breakthrough infection," "SARS re-infection after COVID-19 vaccination," "COVID-19 vaccine complication," "post COVID-19 vaccination symptoms," and specific nation names. The data obtained from the databases underwent extraction and quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. Data analysis was performed using STATAMP software, and measures such as the I test statistic and Egger's test were used to assess heterogeneity and publication bias. The findings were presented using forest plots, displaying the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI).
RESULT
This review and meta-analysis comprised a total of 15 articles, or a total sample size of 342,598. The pooled prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination of COVID-19 was 9 % (95CI 7%-11 %) of population globally. This implied that reduced the overall attack rate of COVID-19 by 91 % after vaccination. The highest pooled estimated of SARS-CoV-2 infection after COVID -19 Vaccinations was seen among developing nations, 20 % (95 % CI: 5%-36 %).The pooled odds ratio showed that a significant association was found between SARS-CoV-2 infection after COVID-19 vaccination and older age (OR = 2.04; 95%CI: 1.10-2.98) and comorbidity (OR = 3.25; 95%CI: 1.04-5.47).
CONCLUSION
It is important for policymakers to prioritize continuous monitoring and surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection rates among vaccinated individuals globally, as there is a significant estimate of the combined prevalence of post-COVID-19 vaccine SARS-CoV-2 infections.
PubMed: 38737290
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30609 -
Cognitive Research: Principles and... May 2024Auditory stimuli that are relevant to a listener have the potential to capture focal attention even when unattended, the listener's own name being a particularly...
Auditory stimuli that are relevant to a listener have the potential to capture focal attention even when unattended, the listener's own name being a particularly effective stimulus. We report two experiments to test the attention-capturing potential of the listener's own name in normal speech and time-compressed speech. In Experiment 1, 39 participants were tested with a visual word categorization task with uncompressed spoken names as background auditory distractors. Participants' word categorization performance was slower when hearing their own name rather than other names, and in a final test, they were faster at detecting their own name than other names. Experiment 2 used the same task paradigm, but the auditory distractors were time-compressed names. Three compression levels were tested with 25 participants in each condition. Participants' word categorization performance was again slower when hearing their own name than when hearing other names; the slowing was strongest with slight compression and weakest with intense compression. Personally relevant time-compressed speech has the potential to capture attention, but the degree of capture depends on the level of compression. Attention capture by time-compressed speech has practical significance and provides partial evidence for the duplex-mechanism account of auditory distraction.
Topics: Humans; Attention; Female; Male; Names; Speech Perception; Adult; Young Adult; Speech; Reaction Time; Acoustic Stimulation
PubMed: 38735013
DOI: 10.1186/s41235-024-00555-9