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The Journal of Maternal-fetal &... Dec 2024The relationship between placental location in pregnancies without previa and adverse pregnancy outcomes has not been well studied. Additionally, the impact of abnormal...
OBJECTIVE
The relationship between placental location in pregnancies without previa and adverse pregnancy outcomes has not been well studied. Additionally, the impact of abnormal cord insertion sites remains controversial. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the adverse outcomes associated with placental location and abnormal cord insertion in nulliparous women and to assess their impact on pregnancy outcomes.
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single tertiary hospital between January 2019 and June 2022. The study included nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies who delivered live infants and had available data on placental location and umbilical cord insertion site from a second- or third-trimester ultrasound. Placental location was categorized as anterior or posterior using transabdominal ultrasonography. The association between placental location/cord insertion site and pre-eclampsia was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. We compared the area under the curve to evaluate the impact of placental location and cord insertion site on pre-eclampsia.
RESULTS
A total of 2219 pregnancies were included in the study. Pre-eclampsia occurred significantly more frequently in the anterior group than in the posterior group (8.21% vs. 3.04%, < .001). In multivariate analysis investigating the association between placental location and pre-eclampsia, anterior placenta and marginal cord insertion showed increased odds ratios for pre-eclampsia of 3.05 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68-6.58) and 3.64 (95% CI 1.90-6.97), respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to predict pre-eclampsia using independent factors from multivariate analyses. Model I, including maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, fertilization, chronic hypertension, overt diabetes, kidney disease, and hematologic diseases, achieved an area under the ROC curve of 0.70 (95% CI 0.65-0.75). Adding cord insertion site and placental location to the model (Model II) improved its predictive performance, resulting in an area under the ROC curve of 0.749 (95% CI 0.70-0.79, = .02).
CONCLUSIONS
Anterior placenta and marginal cord insertion were associated with an increased risk of pre-eclampsia. Further studies on prospective cohorts are necessary to validate these findings.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Placenta; Pre-Eclampsia; Retrospective Studies; Prospective Studies; Pregnancy Outcome
PubMed: 38272651
DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2024.2306189 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2023The rates of twin pregnancies and cesarean section have increased in recent years, and both of them are at high risks of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). However, few...
The rates of twin pregnancies and cesarean section have increased in recent years, and both of them are at high risks of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). However, few studies have concentrated on the risks of PPH in twin pregnancies and cesarean deliveries. In this study, we aimed to identify the risk factors for PPH among twin-pregnant women with cesarean section. This was a retrospective observational study including 1,649 women with twin pregnancies delivered by cesarean section from 2016 to 2022 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China. The eligible women were divided into PPH group ( = 116) and non-PPH group ( = 1,533) according to the blood loss after delivery within 24 h. The baseline maternal and perinatal characteristics were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the potential risk factors for PPH. We found nulliparity, assisted reproductive technology (ART) usage, preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome, placenta previa, placenta accreta and general anesthesia were more common in PPH group than non-PPH group ( < 0.05). Women in PPH group had higher maternal body mass index at delivery and higher combined birthweight of the twins than non-PPH group, but had lower parity ( < 0.05). Seven independent risk factors for PPH were identified after logistic regression analysis: ART usage (OR 2.354 95% CI 1.357-4.083, = 0.002), preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome (OR 2.605, 95% CI 1.471-4.616, = 0.001), placenta previa (OR 7.325, 95% CI 3.651-14.697, < 0.001), placenta accreta (OR 6.296, 95% CI 1.316-30.12, = 0.021), thrombocytopenia (OR 1.636, 95% CI 1.056-2.535, = 0.027), general anesthesia (OR 2.394, 95% CI 1.223-4.686, = 0.011), and combined birthweight (OR 1.00032, 95% CI 1.00005-1.00059, = 0.020). Collectively, in women with twin pregnancies delivered by cesarean section, the use of ART, preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome, placenta previa, placenta accreta, thrombocytopenia, general anesthesia and the combined birthweight were identified as independent risk factors for PPH. More attention should be paid to women with these risk factors.
PubMed: 38264042
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1301807 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Jan 2024To identify incidence and underlying risk factors for unsuspected placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and compare the maternal outcomes between suspected and unsuspected...
BACKGROUND
To identify incidence and underlying risk factors for unsuspected placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and compare the maternal outcomes between suspected and unsuspected cases in three large academic referral centers.
METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was conducted in three university-based tertiary referral centers from Jan 1st, 2013, to Dec 31st, 2022. All cases of PAS confirmed by pathology were included in the study. Unsuspected PAS cases were diagnosed at the time of delivery, while suspected cases served as the control group. Potential risk factors were compared between the two groups. Multivariable regression model was also performed to identify risk factors. Maternal outcomes were also evaluated.
RESULTS
A total of 339 pathology-confirmed PAS cases were included in the study out of 415,470 deliveries, of which 35.4% (n = 120) were unsuspected cases. Unsuspected PAS cases were 7.9 times more likely to have a history of intrauterine adhesions (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 7.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.35-26.81), 7.0 times more likely to have a history of clinically confirmed PAS (aOR, 6.99; 95% CI 2.85-17.18), 6.3 times more likely to have a posterior placenta (aOR, 6.30; 95% CI 3.48-11.40), and 3.4 times more likely to have a history of placenta previa (aOR, 3.41; 95% CI 1.18-9.82). On the other hand, cases with gravidity > 3, placenta previa, and/or a history of previous cesarean delivery were more likely to be diagnosed antenatally (aOR 0.40, 0.19, 0.36; 95% CI 0.22-0.74, 0.09-0.40, 0.19-0.70). Although the suspected PAS group had a higher proportion of invasive cases and abdominal and pelvic organ injuries (74.4% vs. 25.8%, p < 0.001; 6.8% vs. 1.7%, p = 0.037), the maternal outcomes were more favorable in the sPAS group, with a lower median volume of 24-hour blood loss and blood product transfusion (estimated blood loss in 24 h, 1000 [800-2000] vs. 2000 [1400-2400], p < 0.001; RBC unit transfusion, 0 [0-800] vs. 800 [600-1000], p < 0.001; fresh-frozen plasma transfusion, 0 [0-450] vs. 600 [400-800], p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that 35% of patients with PAS were unsuspected prior to delivery. Factors associated with PAS being unsuspected prior to delivery include a history of intrauterine adhesions, a history of clinically confirmed PAS, a posterior placenta, and a history of placenta previa. Additionally, gravidity > 3, a history of previous cesarean delivery, and placenta previa increase the likelihood of antenatal diagnosis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Blood Component Transfusion; Incidence; Placenta Accreta; Placenta Previa; Plasma; Retrospective Studies; Uterine Diseases
PubMed: 38262978
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06254-z -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jan 2024Women with endometriosis (EM), particularly the manifestations of adenomyosis (AM) and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE), suffer from pain and sterility. DIE also...
Women with endometriosis (EM), particularly the manifestations of adenomyosis (AM) and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE), suffer from pain and sterility. DIE also appears with several specific obstetric complications. To determine the risk profile, we designed a retrospective case-control study. Primary outcomes were defined as the risk of preterm birth and caesarean delivery (CD). Primiparous singleton pregnancies in women with DIE were compared with controls without EM. We matched for mode of conception and maternal age. A total of 41 women diagnosed with DIE and 164 controls were recruited. A total of 92.7% of the cases were also diagnosed with AM. Preterm birth occurred in 12.2% of cases and in 6.7% of controls. The difference was not statistically significant (OR: 1.932; 95% CI: 0.632-5.907). The rate of CD was similar in both groups. Remarkably, placental implantation disorders in the form of placenta praevia were eight times more frequent in women with DIE (9.8%) than in controls (1.2%, OR: 8.757; 95% CI: 1.545-49.614). Neonatal outcome was similar in both groups. Four out of fourteen cases reported abdominal wall endometriosis after CD. Women with DIE/AM and with placenta praevia are at risk of bleeding complications. After CD, they can develop abdominal wall EM. We therefore suggest evaluating the birth mode in each woman with DIE/AM.
PubMed: 38256548
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020414 -
The Journal of Maternal-fetal &... Dec 2024This study aims to detect the serum levels of IGF-1, bFGF, and PLGF and their expressions in placental bed tissues of patients with placenta previa complicated with PAS...
Assessment of serum levels and placental bed tissue expression of IGF-1, bFGF, and PLGF in patients with placenta previa complicated with placenta accreta spectrum disorders.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to detect the serum levels of IGF-1, bFGF, and PLGF and their expressions in placental bed tissues of patients with placenta previa complicated with PAS disorders.
METHODS
This case and control study included 40 multiparous pregnant women with complete placenta previa between 34 weeks and 38 weeks of gestation and they were divided into two groups: 25 patients with PAS (case group) and 15 patients without PAS (control group). The venous blood samples were collected 2 h before the cesarean section, and the placental bed tissues were taken intraoperatively at the placental implantation site and then were histologically examined to evaluate the gravity of the myometrial invasion of the placenta. According to FIGO PAS increasing grading, the 25 patients were also divided into three groups: PAS grade I group, PAS grade II group, and PAS grade III group. The concentrations of IGF-1, bFGF, and PLGF in serum were measured using ELISA, and the mean ratio of the relative mRNA expression of each biomarker in placental bed tissues was calculated using qRT-PCR. The staining intensity and the positive cells were quantitatively measured and expressed as means by using Image J software for IHC analysis.
RESULTS
IGF-1 had low serum levels and high placental bed expression in placenta previa patients with PAS disorders compared to those without PAS (all < 0.0001). PLGF had high serum levels ( = 0.0200) and high placental bed expression ( < 0.0001) in placenta previa patients with PAS disorders compared to those without PAS. IGF-1 serum levels decreased up to PAS grade II (means were 24.3 ± 4.03, 21.98 ± 3.29, and 22.03 ± 7.31, respectively for PAS grade I, PAS grade II, PAS grade III groups, = 0.0006). PLGF serum levels increased up to PAS grade II (means were 12.96 ± 2.74, 14.97 ± 2.56, and 14.89 ± 2.14, respectively for the three groups, = 0.0392). However, IGF-1 and PLGF mRNA placental bed expression increased up to PAS grade III. The relative expression of mRNA means for the three groups was 3.194 ± 1.40, 3.509 ± 0.63, and 3.872 ± 0.70, respectively for IGF-1; and 2.784 ± 1.14, 2.810 ± 0.71, and 2.869 ± 0.48, respectively for PLGF (all < 0.0001). Their IHC (immunohistochemical) staining also had increasing trends, but > 0.05. bFGF was not significantly expressed in placenta previa with PAS disorders in most of the analysis sections ( > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Low serum levels and high expression in placental bed tissues of IGF-1, or high serum levels and high expression in placental bed tissues of PLGF, may differentiate placenta previa patients with FIGO PAS grade I and PAS grade II from those without PAS disorders. However, they could not significantly predict the degree of placental invasiveness in FIGO PAS grades II and III.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Cesarean Section; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Placenta; Placenta Accreta; Placenta Previa; RNA, Messenger; Placenta Growth Factor; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2
PubMed: 38247274
DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2024.2305264 -
Journal of Global Health Jan 2024Placental anomalies, including placenta previa (PP), placenta accreta spectrum disorders (PAS), and vase previa (VP), are associated with several adverse foetal-neonatal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Placental anomalies, including placenta previa (PP), placenta accreta spectrum disorders (PAS), and vase previa (VP), are associated with several adverse foetal-neonatal and maternal complications. However, there is still a lack of robust evidence on the pathogenesis and adverse outcomes of the diseases. Through this umbrella review, we aimed to systematically review existing meta-analyses exploring the factors and outcomes for pregnancy women with placental anomalies.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to February 2023. We used AMSTAR 2 to assess the quality of the reviews and estimated the pooled risk and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each meta-analysis.
RESULTS
We included 34 meta-analyses and extracted 55 factors (27 for PP, 22 for PAS, and 6 for VP) and 16 outcomes (12 for PP, and 4 for VP) to assess their credibility. Seven factors (maternal cocaine use (for PP), uterine leiomyoma (for PP), prior abortion (spontaneous) (PP), threatened miscarriage (PP), maternal obesity (PP), maternal smoking (PAS), male foetus (PAS)) had high epidemiological evidence. Twelve factors and six outcomes had moderate epidemiological evidence. Twenty-two factors and eight outcomes showed significant association, but with weak credibility.
CONCLUSIONS
We found varying levels of evidence for placental anomalies of different factors and outcomes in this umbrella review.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO: CRD42022300160.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Placenta; Placenta Previa; Pregnancy Complications; Prenatal Care; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 38236697
DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04013 -
Reproductive Health Jan 2024Being obese can lead to various complications during pregnancy, such as Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), Pre-Eclampsia (PE),...
Maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes in pregnancy, delivery and postpartum following bariatric surgery and comparison with pregnant women with obesity: a study protocol for a prospective cohort.
BACKGROUND
Being obese can lead to various complications during pregnancy, such as Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), Pre-Eclampsia (PE), and Large Gestational Age (LGA). Although bariatric surgery is an effective way to treat obesity, it can also result in complications and may be linked to having small for gestational age (SGA) babies. This cohort study protocol aims to compare the maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes of two groups of Iranian pregnant women: those who have undergone bariatric surgery and those who are obese but have not had bariatric surgery.
METHODS
In this study Pregnant women (< 14 weeks' gestation) (n = 38 per group) are recruited either from one of the obesity clinic (exposure group = with a history of bariatric surgery) or primary healthcare clinics in Tehran city (comparison group = pregnant women with obesity and and no history of bariatric surgery). Dietary intake and nutrient status are assessed at < 14, 28, and 36 weeks. Maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes are compared between the two groups, including gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction, severe nausea and vomiting, abortion, placenta previa and abruption, venous thrombosis, vaginal bleeding, cesarean delivery, meconium aspiration, and respiratory distress. Maternal serum levels of ferritin, albumin, zinc, calcium, magnesium, selenium, copper, vitamins A, B9, B12, and 25-hydroxy Vit D are checked during 24th to 28th weeks. Maternal and neonatal outcomes, including height, weight, head circumference, fetal abnormality, infection, small or large fetus, low birth weight, macrosomia, NICU admission, and total weight gain during pregnancy, are measured at birth. Maternal and offspring outcomes, including weight, height, head circumference, total weight gain during pregnancy, newborn diseases, postpartum bleeding, breastfeeding, and related problems, are assessed 6 weeks after delivery. Child's weight, height, and head circumference are followed at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months after birth. Maternal stress, anxiety, and depression are assessed with the DASS-21 questionnaire, and physical activity is evaluated using the PPAQ questionnaire in the first and third trimesters.
DISCUSSION
By assessing the levels of micronutrients in the blood of pregnant women along with the evaluation of pregnancy outcomes, it is feasible to gain a more accurate understanding of how bariatric surgery affects the health and potential complications for both the mother and the fetus/newborn. This information can help specialists and patients make more informed decisions about the surgery. Additionally, by examining issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression in women undergoing surgery, this study can contribute to recognizing these problems, which can also affect pregnancy outcomes.
Topics: Child; Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Infant, Newborn; Pregnant Women; Cohort Studies; Prospective Studies; Iran; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome; Obesity; Pregnancy Outcome; Postpartum Period; Diabetes, Gestational; Bariatric Surgery; Pre-Eclampsia; Weight Gain; Fetus
PubMed: 38233940
DOI: 10.1186/s12978-023-01736-3 -
JACC. Case Reports Jan 2024A 32-year-old pregnant woman with a mechanical mitral valve was admitted with vaginal bleeding and was found to have placenta previa. During her hospital stay, she...
A 32-year-old pregnant woman with a mechanical mitral valve was admitted with vaginal bleeding and was found to have placenta previa. During her hospital stay, she developed acute valvular thrombosis. She underwent an emergency cesarean section followed by successful mechanical valve replacement.
PubMed: 38223267
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2023.102143 -
Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics &... Jan 2024
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Placenta Accreta; Pregnant Women; Blood Transfusion; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Hysterectomy; Placenta Previa; Placenta
PubMed: 38216258
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2023.10.015 -
Geburtshilfe Und Frauenheilkunde Jan 2024The effectiveness of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) in significantly reducing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) depends crucially on the timing. It is successful if...
The effectiveness of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) in significantly reducing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) depends crucially on the timing. It is successful if delivery takes place between 24 hours and seven days following administration; after this period, the side effects seem to predominate. In addition, an increased rate of mental impairment and behavioral disorders are observed in children born full-term after ACS administration. The optimal timing of ACS administration depends crucially on the given indication; to date, it has been achieved in only 25-40% of cases. ACS administration is always indicated in PPROM, in severe early pre-eclampsia, in fetal IUGR with zero or reverse flow in the umbilical artery, in placenta previa with bleeding, and in patients experiencing premature labor with a cervical length < 15 mm. The risk of women with asymptomatic cervical insufficiency giving birth within seven days is very low. In this case, ACS should not be administered even if the patient's cervical length is less than 15 mm, provided that the cervix is closed and there are no other risk factors for a premature birth. The development of further diagnostic methods with improved power to predict premature birth is urgently needed in order to optimize the timing of ACS administration in this patient population. Caution when administering ACS is also indicated in women experiencing premature labor who have a cervical length ≥ 15 mm. Further studies using amniocentesis are needed in order to identify the patient population with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity/intra-amniotic infection (MIAC/IAI), and to define threshold values at which delivery is indicated. ACS administration is not performed as an emergency measure, usually not even before transfer to a perinatal center. Therefore, whenever possible, the indication for ACS administration should be determined by a clinician who is highly experienced in perinatology.
PubMed: 38205043
DOI: 10.1055/a-2202-5363