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Iranian Journal of Public Health May 2024Compared with able-bodied people, speech disabilities are more prone to various mental health problems. We aimed to explore the impact of positive psychology-based...
BACKGROUND
Compared with able-bodied people, speech disabilities are more prone to various mental health problems. We aimed to explore the impact of positive psychology-based intervention strategies on emotional cognition, mental health, and recovery of speech function in speech disabilities.
METHODS
In May 2023, 306 cases of speech disabilities were selected from 112 village committees and 129 neighborhood committees in Jingmen City, China. The control group was given routine speech rehabilitation training, and the observation group was given an intervention strategies-based on positive psychology based on the above training. The Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Chinese Facial Emotion Test (CFET), Comprehensive Function Assessment for Disabled Children (CFADC), and Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) were used to evaluate the two groups of patients before and after intervention.
RESULTS
After the intervention, the mental state scores (psychotic, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, somatization, paranoia, terror, hostility, anxiety, and depression) of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (<0.05). The correct emotional scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group were. However, the remote error scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group were. The difference was also statistically significant (<0.05). The cognitive function score, speech function score, and BDAE score (retelling, writing, fluency, and reading comprehension) of the observation group were all higher than those of the control group (<0.05).
CONCLUSION
The intervention strategies-based on positive psychology could promote the improvement of health problems and speech function in speech disabilities.
PubMed: 38912140
DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i5.15588 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024The wellbeing of retired teachers is often easily overlooked. This study aims to explore the mental health status and influencing factors of retired teachers.
INTRODUCTION
The wellbeing of retired teachers is often easily overlooked. This study aims to explore the mental health status and influencing factors of retired teachers.
METHOD
From October to December 2022, a convenient sampling survey was conducted on retired teachers using the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), mainly using the χ-test and logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
A sampling survey was conducted on 353 retired teachers, with an overall positive detection rate of 16.1%. The five factors with the highest positive detection rate were found to be obsessive-compulsive disorder (30.3%), interpersonal sensitivity (21.5%), paranoia (20.1%), anxiety (19.3%), and others (19.3%). The detection rates for the five factors, namely psychosis, depression, hostility, terror, and somatization, are all below 19%. The data on sex (χ = 4.626, = 0.043), professional title (χ = 17.670, = 0.003), income (χ = 9.960, = 0.041), life satisfaction (χ = 27.348, = 0.000), family relationships (χ = 51.451, = 0.000), and physical health status (χ = 50.361, = 0.000) show that the difference in mental health among retired teachers is statistically significant. The multivariate binary logistic regression analysis revealed that family relationships, life satisfaction, and physical health were important factors leading to mental health problems among retired teachers.
DISCUSSION
Retired teachers should cultivate a wide range of interests and hobbies, engage in regular physical exercise, develop healthy living habits, foster a positive family atmosphere, establish harmonious family relationships, promote community cultural construction, strengthen psychological intervention, and prevent psychological diseases.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Retirement; Mental Health; School Teachers; Surveys and Questionnaires; Health Status; Adult; Aged; China; Mental Disorders; Logistic Models
PubMed: 38903565
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1358285 -
Psychiatry and Clinical... Mar 2024Although an association has been newly reported between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and an increased risk of suicide, there are only a limited number of studies...
BACKGROUND
Although an association has been newly reported between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and an increased risk of suicide, there are only a limited number of studies investigating suicide-related factors in OCD patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between dysfunctional metacognitive activity, difficulty in emotion regulation, anxiety, depression, somatization symptom severity, and suicide probability in OCD patients by comparing them with a control group.
METHODS
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Metacognition Scale, Suicide Probability Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depression Symptom Scale were administered to 70 OCD patients and 70 healthy controls. The Dimensional Obsession Compulsion Scale was administered to assess OCD symptom dimensions among OCD patients.
RESULTS
Dysfunctional metacognition, difficulty in emotion regulation, probability of suicide, depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms were significantly higher in OCD patients compared to the control group ( < .05). Suicide probability was found to be positively correlated with depression, difficulty in emotion regulation, impulsivity dimension, metacognition, cognitive confidence dimension, contamination, cleaning, and symmetry scores among OCD symptom dimensions ( < .05).
CONCLUSION
Recognizing the factors that were found to be associated with suicide probability in individuals with OCD may be of great importance in identifying patients at higher suicide risk.
PubMed: 38883890
DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2024.23688 -
Translational Psychiatry Jun 2024Differences in clinical manifestations and biological underpinnings between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) onset during adolescence and adulthood have been posited in...
Differences in clinical manifestations and biological underpinnings between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) onset during adolescence and adulthood have been posited in previous studies, implying an influential role of age of onset (AOO) in the clinical subtyping and therapeutic approaches to MDD. However, direct comparisons between the two cohorts and their age-matched controls have been lacking in extant investigations. In this investigation, 156 volunteers participated, comprising 46 adolescents with MDD (adolescent-onset group), 35 adults with MDD (adult-onset group), 19 healthy adolescents, and 56 healthy adults. Resting-state functional MRI scans were undergone by all participants. Large-scale network analyses were applied. Subsequently, a 2 × 2 ANOVA was employed to analyze the main effects of diagnosis, age, and their interaction effect on functional connectivity (FC). Furthermore, regression analysis was employed to scrutinize the association between anomalous FC and HAMD sub-scores. Increased FC in visual network (VN), limbic network (LN), VN-dorsal attention network (DAN), VN-LN, and LN-Default Mode (DMN) was found in both adolescent-onset and adult-onset MDD; however, the increased FC in DAN and LN were only found in adult-onset MDD and the decreased FC in DAN was only found in adolescent-onset MDD. Additionally, the relationship between HAMD factor 1 anxiety somatization and altered FC of DAN, VN, and VN-DAN was moderated by AOO. In conclusion, shared and distinctive large-scale network alterations in adolescent-onset and adult-onset MDD patients were suggested by our findings, providing valuable contributions towards refining clinical subtyping and treatment approaches for MDD.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Adolescent; Male; Female; Adult; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Age of Onset; Young Adult; Brain; Nerve Net; Connectome; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 38866779
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02974-0 -
The South African Journal of... 2023Female genital mutilation (FGM/C) defined as 'all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Female genital mutilation (FGM/C) defined as 'all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons' is a cultural practice having several consequences on women's health. Medical and sexual consequences have been documented, but the link between FGM/C and the development of psychological symptoms is not clearly established. The influence of contextual factors is poorly understood.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the psychological impact of FGM/C and how victims experience it.
METHOD
A mixed method systematic review was conducted. The inclusion criteria were observational primary studies involving women who had undergone FGM/C and had experienced psychological symptoms. Publication bias was assessed by using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A configurative strategy that involved a comparison of quantitative and qualitative data was used, followed by an analysis of causal link between FGM/C and induced psychological disorders.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies were included. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety and somatisation showed a significantly higher prevalence in women who have experienced FGM/C versus non-mutilated women. Female genital mutilation type II or III were identified as predictors of disorder severity. Qualitative studies showed a significant difference in the perception of FGM/C between immigrant and non-immigrant women, as well as the multidimensional nature of the factors influencing disorders' onsets.
CONCLUSION
Our study showed a high association of FGM/C (and its degree of severity) with psychological disorders such as PTSD, depression, anxiety and somatisation. It also illustrates contextual factors, including socio-cultural factors that may influence the intensity of these psychological disorders.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
It is important for health professionals to be aware of the psychological consequences of FGM/C and the different factors influencing FGM/C perception. Indeed, a feeling of 'Being abnormal' can be awakened among patients because of health professionals' incorrect behaviours.
PubMed: 38855076
DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v79i1.1877 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024Causal relationships between psychopathological symptoms, personality traits, coping mechanisms, and sleep bruxism (SB) were studied in the past, giving inconsistent...
Why am I grinding and clenching? Exploration of personality traits, coping strategies, oral parafunctional behaviors, and severe sleep bruxism in a polysomnographic study.
INTRODUCTION
Causal relationships between psychopathological symptoms, personality traits, coping mechanisms, and sleep bruxism (SB) were studied in the past, giving inconsistent results mostly based on self-assessment evaluations. This polysomnography-based cross-sectional study aimed to explore the relationships between severe SB, personality traits (according to the Big Five model), and coping strategies with objective polysomnographic verification.
METHODOLOGY
The study included 66 participants divided into severe SB (SSB) (n=32) and no or mild SB (n=34) groups based on video-polysomnography performed in the sleep laboratory. Questionnaire assessment included the use of the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Mini-COPE, International Personality Item Pool Big Five Markers 20-Item version, and Oral Behavior Checklist.
RESULTS
Participants with SSB presented with fewer self-reported anxiety (p=0.008) and depressive (p=0.01) symptoms than the non- or mild-SB groups. The SSB group scored significantly higher in Big Five personal traits such as extraversion (p=0.007), emotional stability (p=0.013), and intellect (p=0.004), while regarding coping strategies, the SSB group was less likely to use negative strategies: self-distraction (p=0.036), denial (p=0.006), venting (p=0.03), behavioral disengagement (p=0.046), and self-blame (p=0.003), and turning to religion (p=0.041). The intensity of oral parafunctional behaviors was comparable in both groups (p=0.054). Emotional stability was a moderate protective factor (p=0.004), and the self-blame strategy was a strong risk factor (p<0.001) for increased oral parafunctional behavior intensity. Phasic activity negatively correlated with anxiety symptom severity (p=0.005), whereas tonic (p=0.122) and mixed (p=0.053) phenotypes did not. SB intensity was a protective factor against anxiety symptoms (p=0.016).
CONCLUSION
In terms of psychopathology, severe sleep bruxers tend to present less severe anxiety and depressive symptoms, while some of their personality traits (extraversion, emotional stability, and intellect) were more strongly pronounced. SSB is possibly related to the lesser use of the "maladaptive" coping strategies and there were no specific coping strategies preferred by SSB participants, compared to the other group. These observations require further studies, as it should be determined whether SB (especially phasic activity) might be a form of a somatization/functional disorder. Further research should focus on the psychogenic background of oral parafunctional behaviors, which occur more often in less emotionally stable personalities and in people using self-blame coping strategies.
PubMed: 38840944
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1362429 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Apr 2024Understanding and dealing with chronic nonspecific pain (CNP) is the important entity at primary care hospital. Chronic nonspecific multiple-site pain [CNMSP] of unknown...
BACKGROUND
Understanding and dealing with chronic nonspecific pain (CNP) is the important entity at primary care hospital. Chronic nonspecific multiple-site pain [CNMSP] of unknown etiology creates diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for primary care physicians due to lack of guidance regarding evaluation and treatment.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To classify and formulate the evaluation, treatment strategies, and prediction of prognosis of patients with CNMSP of unknown etiology.
METHODS
Patients present with CNMSP of more than 3-month duration without any obvious medical cause. The biopsychosocial [BPS] model with 3P model was applied to see the biological, psychological, and social factors behind persistence. Finally, patients were classified into four groups for evaluation response to treatment and relapse rates in 12-month follow-up.
RESULTS
Of the total 243 patients of CNMSP, 243 [96.3%] were females. Sixty [24.7%] patients had short duration, and 183 [75.3%] had long duration. Headache was in 115 [47%], low back pain ± leg pain in 96 [39.4%], cervical pain ± shoulder/arm pain in 83 [34.1%], and diffuse body pain in 50 [20.5%] in various combinations. A total of 155 [63.8%] patients had high somatization-sensitization index (SSI), and 144 [59.3%] had low ferritin level. Group 1 [high SSI and low ferritin] had 37.9% of patients, group 2 [high SSI and normal ferritin] had 25.9% of patients, group 3 [low to medium SSI with low ferritin] had 21.4% of patients, and group 4 [low to medium SSI with normal ferritin] had 14.8% of patients. Response to pain symptoms was better in group 1, and relapse rate was higher in group 2.
CONCLUSION
CNMSP of unknown etiology itself is a heterogeneous entity, and assessment based on the BPS model can be very useful to understand the treatment plan and outcome of these patients.
PubMed: 38827703
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_722_23 -
Pediatric Blood & Cancer Jun 2024Childhood cancer survivors may experience psychological distress due to the disease, cancer treatments, and potential late effects. Limited knowledge exists regarding...
BACKGROUND
Childhood cancer survivors may experience psychological distress due to the disease, cancer treatments, and potential late effects. Limited knowledge exists regarding longitudinal changes in psychological distress after childhood cancer. We aimed to determine changes in psychological distress over time and explore determinants of changes.
METHODS
The Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study collected data at baseline (2007-2009) and follow-up (2010-2012). Psychological distress was measured using the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18), including three symptom scales (somatization, depression, anxiety) and an overall distress index (Global Severity Index, GSI). Sum-scores were T-standardized (mean = 50; standard deviation [SD] = 10). Survivors with a score ≥57 on the GSI or two symptom scales were classified as cases with distress. We used linear mixed effects regression to identify potential sociodemographic and clinical determinants of change in psychological distress.
RESULTS
We analyzed 696 survivors at baseline (mean age = 24 years [SD = 4], 49% females, mean time since diagnosis = 16 years [SD = 4]). On follow-up (2.4 years, SD = 1), 317 survivors were analyzed, including 302 participants with repeated measures. We found that 13% (39/302) were cases at baseline, and 25% (76/302) were cases on follow-up. Those older at study and longer since diagnosis, females, diagnosed with central nervous system (CNS) tumors, and those reporting late effects were more likely to experience higher levels of distress. Females and unemployed are at higher risk for developing or persisting psychological distress than males and those who are employed or in training.
CONCLUSION
We observed an increase in psychological distress score over time, with higher proportion of psychological distress on follow-up. Anticipatory guidance and screening should be implemented in regular follow-up care.
PubMed: 38825751
DOI: 10.1002/pbc.31095 -
PloS One 2024Forcibly displaced adolescents face increased risks for mental illness and distress, with adolescent girls disproportionately affected in part due to heightened gender... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Sibling-Support for Adolescent Girls (SSAGE): A study protocol for a pilot randomized-controlled trial of a whole-family, gender transformative approach to preventing mental illness among forcibly displaced adolescent girls.
BACKGROUND
Forcibly displaced adolescents face increased risks for mental illness and distress, with adolescent girls disproportionately affected in part due to heightened gender inequity. Although the family unit has the potential to promote healthy development in adolescents, few family interventions have employed a gender transformative approach or included male siblings to maximize benefits for adolescent girls.
METHODS
This study will assess a whole-family and gender transformative intervention-Sibling Support for Adolescent Girls in Emergencies (SSAGE)-to prevent mental health disorders among adolescent girls in Colombia who were recently and forcibly displaced from Venezuela. The study will employ a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation pilot randomized control trial (RCT) to test the program's effectiveness to explore determinants of implementation to establish the feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity of SSAGE. To address these aims, we will enroll 180 recently arrived, forcibly displaced adolescent girls in an RCT and examine the program's effectiveness in the prevention of mental illness (through reduction in anxiety, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, and somatization symptoms) one-month post-intervention. We will use contextually adapted to collect data on the hypothesized mechanistic pathways, including family attachment, gender-equitable family functioning, self-esteem, and coping strategies. The implementation evaluation will employ mixed methods to assess the program's feasibility, acceptability, fidelity, and barriers and facilitators to successful implementation.
DISCUSSION
Findings can support humanitarian program implementation, as well as inform policy to support adolescent girls' mental health and to prevent the myriad disorders that can arise as a result of exposure to displacement, conflict, and inequitable gender norms.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Female; Pilot Projects; Mental Disorders; Siblings; Refugees; Male; Colombia
PubMed: 38820363
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303588 -
American Journal of Men's Health 2024Being a man has been recognized as a salient risk factor for suicide. Adopting uncompromised masculine perceptions (i.e., conforming to the masculine gender role norms)...
Being a man has been recognized as a salient risk factor for suicide. Adopting uncompromised masculine perceptions (i.e., conforming to the masculine gender role norms) may restrict emotional expressiveness in men, which, in turn, may contribute to depression and somatization symptoms. We examined the moderating role of psychological flexibility and alexithymia in the relationship of masculinity with depression and somatization symptoms. A sample of 119 men completed measures of masculinity, alexithymia (difficulty identifying and delivering subjective feelings), psychological flexibility, depression, and somatization symptoms in a cross-sectional design study. Psychological flexibility levels moderated the relationship between masculinity and depression symptoms: Masculinity contributed as positively associated with depression symptoms when psychological flexibility was low, but no such association was found at moderate or high levels of psychological flexibility. As a cognitive factor promoting adaptive emotional regulation, psychological flexibility might reduce depression symptoms among inflexible masculine men. Clinical implications relate to diagnosing at-risk subgroups and their treatment.
Topics: Humans; Male; Masculinity; Israel; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Adaptation, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires; Affective Symptoms
PubMed: 38794957
DOI: 10.1177/15579883241253820