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PloS One 2024To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of sivelestat sodium on acute lung injury (AIL).
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of sivelestat sodium on acute lung injury (AIL).
METHODS
A rat model for ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) was established. Pathological examination of lung tissue was conducted to assess lung injury. Blood gas in the arteries was measured using a blood analyzer. Changes in PaO2, PaO2/FiO2, and lung wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio were carefully compared. ELISA assay was conducted to estimate cell adhesion and inflammation response. Finally, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assay was used to determine the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
RESULTS
ARDS in vivo model was successfully constructed by LPS injection. Compared with the sham group, PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 were significantly lower in the vehicle group, while the lung W/D ratio, the lung injury score, NE, VCAM-1, IL-8 andTNF-αwere significantly increased. After treatment with different doses of sivelestat sodium, we found PaO2, PaO2/FiO2 were prominently increased, while the lung W/D ratio, the lung injury score, NE, VCAM-1, IL-8, TNF-α levels were decreased in the dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, compared with the vehicle group, the expression levels of Bax, PI3K, Akt and mTOR were significantly lower, and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly higher after injection with sivelestat sodium.
CONCLUSION
Sivelestat sodium has an interventional effect on ALI in sepsis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway.
Topics: Animals; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Acute Lung Injury; Signal Transduction; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Rats; Male; Glycine; Sulfonamides; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Lung; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 38935660
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302721 -
Polymers Jun 2024Gel plugging agents have become one of the preferred methods for plugging in complex and severe loss conditions during drilling due to their good adaptability to loss...
Gel plugging agents have become one of the preferred methods for plugging in complex and severe loss conditions during drilling due to their good adaptability to loss channels. To address the common issue of poor temperature resistance in gel-based plugging agents, high-temperature-resistant gel plugging materials were synthesized through the molecular design of polymers, modifying existing agents. Based on the temperature and salt resistance of the aqueous solution of an acrylamide (AM)/N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) binary copolymer, temperature-resistant monomer sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) was introduced and reacted in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution. Using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator and crosslinking with N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), a gel plugging material resistant to 140 °C was synthesized. The structure, thermal stability, water absorption and expansion, and plugging performance of the gel were studied through hot rolling aging, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, electron microscopy scanning, sand bed experiments, and drag reduction experiments. The results show that the gel material has good thermal stability and water absorption and expansion at 140 °C, and its temperature-resistant plugging performance is excellent, significantly slowing down the loss rate of drilling fluid. This provides a basis for the further development of gel materials.
PubMed: 38932007
DOI: 10.3390/polym16121658 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024This study aimed to extract bioactive proteins and protein hydrolysates from larvae and assess their potential application in cosmetics as well as their irritation...
This study aimed to extract bioactive proteins and protein hydrolysates from larvae and assess their potential application in cosmetics as well as their irritation properties. The larvae were defatted and extracted using various mediums, including DI water, along with 0.5 M aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and hydrochloric acid. Subsequently, the crude proteins were hydrolyzed using the Alcalase enzyme. All extracts underwent testing for antioxidant activities via the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and Griess assays. Anti-aging properties were evaluated in terms of anti-collagenase and anti-hyaluronidase effects. Irritation potential was assessed using the hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) test. The results revealed that the sodium hydroxide extraction showed promising outcomes in terms of yield, protein content, and effectiveness in inhibiting hyaluronidase, with the highest inhibition at 78.1 ± 1.5%, comparable to that of oleanolic acid. Conversely, crude protein extracted with ascorbic acid and its hydrolysate showed notable antioxidant and collagenase-inhibitory activities. Remarkably, their anti-collagenase effects were comparable to those of ascorbic acid and lysine. Additionally, it demonstrated safety upon testing with the CAM. In conclusion, the findings provided valuable insights into the utilization of larval proteins as active ingredients with a wide range of cosmeceutical applications, particularly due to their antioxidant, anti-aging, and low irritation properties, which hold significant promise for anti-skin wrinkles.
PubMed: 38931346
DOI: 10.3390/ph17060679 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024L. is a leafy vegetable that is usually consumed in the area of the Mediterranean and is a frequently used traditional herb to treat a variety of ailments. Previous...
L. is a leafy vegetable that is usually consumed in the area of the Mediterranean and is a frequently used traditional herb to treat a variety of ailments. Previous studies deduced the potent antioxidant and cytotoxic functions of the different extracts and isolated compounds from . The current study represents the first instance of chemical profiling and bioactivities of the extracted essential oil (EO) of . The present investigation set out to identify the chemical components of this EO by means of Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (G004-MS) techniques; assess the oil's antioxidant potencies through 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) assays; and evaluate the oil's cytotoxic impact against HepG2 cancer cell lines. The GC-MS chemical profiling revealed the identification of 23 components representing 97.43% of the total oil mass within abundant cyclic ketones (20.15%), nonterpenoidial hydrocarbons (28.77%), and sesquiterpenes (42.19%). The main components were -nonadecane (28.77%), -caryophyllene (23.73%), -methyl dihydrojasmonate (19.55%), and -cadina-1,4-diene (9.44%). In a dose-dependent manner, this EO demonstrated antioxidant capacities on DPPH and ABTS, with IC values of 609.35 and 804.16 µg/mL, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid. Using doxorubicin as a reference therapy, the MTT assay findings revealed that this oil had remarkable inhibitory effects on the proliferation of HepG2 cancer cell lines, with an IC of 136.02 µg/mL. More studies were recommended for further investigation of new biological roles for this oil and its main components, along with the construction of action mechanisms based on chemical components.
PubMed: 38931144
DOI: 10.3390/plants13121712 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Blueberries ( L.) are cultivated worldwide and are among the best dietary sources of bioactive compounds with beneficial health effects. This study aimed to investigate...
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activities, Antidepressant Effect, and Lipid Peroxidation of Peruvian Blueberry: Molecular Docking Studies on Targets Involved in Oxidative Stress and Depression.
Blueberries ( L.) are cultivated worldwide and are among the best dietary sources of bioactive compounds with beneficial health effects. This study aimed to investigate the components of Peruvian blueberry using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS), identifying 11 compounds. Furthermore, we assessed in vitro the antioxidant activity and in vivo the antidepressant effect using a rat model and protective effect on lipid peroxidation (in the serum, brain, liver, and stomach). We also conducted molecular docking simulations with proteins involved in oxidative stress and depression for the identified compounds. Antioxidant activity was assessed by measuring total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazin (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Peruvian blueberries demonstrated higher antioxidant activity than fruits from Chile, Brazil, the United States, Turkey, Portugal, and China. The results showed that oral administration of Peruvian blueberries (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 28 days significantly ( < 0.001) increased swimming and reduced immobility in the forced swimming test (FST). Additionally, at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg, oxidative stress was reduced in vivo ( < 0.001) by decreasing lipid peroxidation in brain, liver, stomach, and serum. Molecular docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) predictions were performed. In the molecular docking studies, quercitrin and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid showed the best docking scores for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and xanthine oxidase; while 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester and caffeoyl coumaroylquinic acid had the best docking scores for monoamine oxidase and serotonin receptor 5-HT. In summary, our results suggest that the antidepressant and protective effects against lipid peroxidation might be related to the antioxidant activity of Peruvian L.
PubMed: 38931078
DOI: 10.3390/plants13121643 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024A tumor-targeting fluorescent probe has attracted increasing interest in fluorescent imaging for the noninvasive detection of cancers in recent years....
A tumor-targeting fluorescent probe has attracted increasing interest in fluorescent imaging for the noninvasive detection of cancers in recent years. Sulfonamide-containing naphthalimide derivatives (SN-2NI, SD-NI) were synthesized by the incorporation of N-butyl-4-ethyldiamino-1,8-naphthalene imide (NI) into sulfonamide (SN) and sulfadiazine (SD) as the tumor-targeting groups, respectively. These derivatives were further characterized by mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), and a fluorescence assay. In vitro properties, including cell cytotoxicity and the cell uptake of tumor cells, were also evaluated. Sulfonamide-containing naphthalimide derivatives possessed low cell cytotoxicity to B16F10 melanoma cells. Moreover, SN-2NI and SD-NI can be taken up highly by B16F10 cells and then achieve good green fluorescent images in B16F10 cells. Therefore, sulfonamide-containing naphthalimide derivatives can be considered to be the potential probes used to target fluorescent imaging in tumors.
Topics: Naphthalimides; Sulfonamides; Fluorescent Dyes; Animals; Mice; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; Molecular Structure; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Cell Survival
PubMed: 38930839
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122774 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024This study prepared sulfonated shell biochar using shell agricultural waste as a carbon source, and evaluated its performance as a catalyst for preparing biodiesel....
This study prepared sulfonated shell biochar using shell agricultural waste as a carbon source, and evaluated its performance as a catalyst for preparing biodiesel. The biochar obtained from carbonizing shells at 500 °C for 2 h serves as the carbon skeleton, and then the biochar is sulfonated with chlorosulfonic acid. The sulfonic acid groups are mainly grafted onto the surface of shell biochar through covalent bonding to obtain sulfonic acid type biochar catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Nitrogen adsorption-desorption Brunel-Emmett-Taylor Theory (BET), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The acid density of the sulfonated fruit shell biochar catalyst is 2.86 mmol/g, and the specific surface area is 2.67 m/g, indicating high catalytic activity. The optimal reaction conditions are 4 wt% catalyst with a 6:1 alcohol to oil ratio. After esterification at 70 °C for 2 h, the yield of biodiesel was 91.4%. Under the optimal reaction conditions, after four repeated uses of the catalyst, the yield of biodiesel still reached 90%. Therefore, sulfonated shell biochar is a low-cost, green, non-homogeneous catalyst with great potential for biodiesel production by esterification reaction in future development.
Topics: Camellia; Charcoal; Biofuels; Catalysis; Sulfonic Acids; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Esterification; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 38930818
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122752 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Conductive polymers, such as polyaniline (PANI), have interesting applications, ranging from flexible electronics, energy storage devices, sensors, antistatic or...
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline Emeraldine Salt (PANI-ES) Colloids Using Potato Starch as a Stabilizer to Enhance the Physicochemical Properties and Processability.
Conductive polymers, such as polyaniline (PANI), have interesting applications, ranging from flexible electronics, energy storage devices, sensors, antistatic or anticorrosion coatings, etc. However, the full exploitation of conductive polymers still poses a challenge due to their low processability. The use of compatible stabilizers to obtain dispersible and stable colloids is among the possible solutions to overcome such drawbacks. In this work, potato starch was used as a steric stabilizer for the preparation of colloidal polyaniline (emeraldine salt, ES)/starch composites by exploiting the oxidative polymerization of aniline in aqueous solutions with various starch-to-aniline ratios. The polyaniline/starch bio-composites were subjected to structural, spectroscopic, thermal, morphological, and electrochemical analyses. The samples were then tested for their dispersibility/solubility in a range of organic solvents. The results demonstrated the formation of PANI/starch biocomposites with a smaller average size than starch particles, showing improved aqueous dispersion and enhanced solubility in organic solvents. With respect to previously reported PANI-EB (emeraldine base)/starch composites, the novel colloids displayed a lower overall crystallinity, but the conductive nature of PANI-ES enhanced its electrochemical properties, resulting in richer redox chemistry, particularly evident in its oxidation behavior, as observed through cyclic voltammetry. Finally, as proof of the improved processability, the colloids were successfully integrated into a thin polyether sulfone (PES) membrane.
PubMed: 38930310
DOI: 10.3390/ma17122941 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024This work explores the effects of rigid (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 wt. %) and semi-flexible (0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 wt. %) all-aromatic polyelectrolyte reinforcements as rheological...
This work explores the effects of rigid (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 wt. %) and semi-flexible (0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 wt. %) all-aromatic polyelectrolyte reinforcements as rheological and morphological modifiers for preparing phosphate geopolymer glass-ceramic composites. Polymer-modified aluminosilicate-phosphate geopolymer resins were prepared by high-shear mixing of a metakaolin powder with 9M phosphoric acid and two all-aromatic, sulfonated polyamides. Polymer loadings between 0.5-2.5 wt. % exhibited gel-like behavior and an increase in the modulus of the geopolymer resin as a function of polymer concentration. The incorporation of a 0.5 wt. % rigid polymer resulted in a three-fold increase in viscosity relative to the control phosphate geopolymer resin. Hardening, dehydration, and crystallization of the geopolymer resins to glass-ceramics was achieved through mold casting, curing at 80 °C for 24 h, and a final heat treatment up to 260 °C. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a decrease in microstructure porosity in the range of 0.78 μm to 0.31 μm for geopolymer plaques containing loadings of 0.5 wt. % rigid polymer. Nano-porosity values of the composites were measured between 10-40 nm using nitrogen adsorption (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method) and transmission electron microscopy. Nanoindentation studies revealed geopolymer composites with Young's modulus values of 15-24 GPa and hardness values of 1-2 GPa, suggesting an increase in modulus and hardness with polymer incorporation. Additional structural and chemical analyses were performed via thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared radiation, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the processing, microstructure, and mechanical behavior of water-soluble, high-performance polyelectrolyte-reinforced geopolymer composites.
PubMed: 38930225
DOI: 10.3390/ma17122856 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Selenosugars are gaining growing interest due to their antioxidant efficacy, and their ability to inhibit glycosidases, repair skin tissue or reduce endothelial...
Selenosugars are gaining growing interest due to their antioxidant efficacy, and their ability to inhibit glycosidases, repair skin tissue or reduce endothelial dysfunction. Among selenosugars, those in which selenium replaces heterocyclic oxygen in a 5-membered sugar were our focus, and their coupling with phenolic compounds appears to be a strategy aimed at producing new compounds with enhanced antioxidant efficacy. In this context, the Mitsunobu reaction has been advantageously explored to obtain --coumaroyl-1,4-deoxy-2,3--isopropylidene-4-seleno-d-ribose, -caffeoyl-1,4-deoxy-2,3--isopropylidene-4-seleno-d-ribose, and -feruloyl-1,4-deoxy-2,3--isopropylidene-4-seleno-d-ribose. These compounds underwent removal of the iso-propylidene group, to provide the corresponding hydroxycinnamoyl-1,4-deoxy-4-seleno-d-ribose. All compounds were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). This latter technique was pivotal for ensuing cellular metabolomics analyses. In fact, after evaluating the anti-radical efficacy through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods, which underline the massive role of the phenolic moiety in establishing efficacy, the compounds, whose cytotoxicity was first screened in two highly oxidative-stress-sensitive cells, were tested for their wound healing properties towards human HaCaT keratinocytes cells. Caffeoyl- and feruloyl selenosugars exerted a dose-dependent repair activity, while, as highlighted by the metabolomic approach, they were poorly taken up within the cells.
PubMed: 38929184
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060744