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Cancer Epidemiology Aug 2014Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most incident cancer and the sixth cause of death by cancer in men worldwide. Despite extensive research efforts, no modifiable risk... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most incident cancer and the sixth cause of death by cancer in men worldwide. Despite extensive research efforts, no modifiable risk factors have been consistently identified for PC risk. A number of studies have focused on possible relationships between sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and PC. We performed a meta-analysis to explore the association between infection caused by Neisseria gonorrheae, Treponema pallidum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Herpes Simplex Virus types 1 and 2, Human Herpes Virus 8 and Cytomegalovirus, and PC. We conducted a comprehensive, systematic bibliographic search of medical literature to identify relevant studies. We calculated summary relative risk (SRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between each STI and PC through random effect models. Subgroup, meta-regression and sensitivity analyses were carried out to detect between-study heterogeneity and bias. We included 47 studies published between 1971 and 2011. Men who reported having ever had any STI in lifetime had an increased PC (SRR 1.49, 95% CI 1.19-1.92). We found a significantly increased PC risk in men having had gonorrhoea (SRR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05-1.37). No other single STI was significantly associated with PC. Due to high incidence of both STIs and PC worldwide, prevention of STIs may help preventing a considerable number of PC cases.
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 24986642
DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.06.002 -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Jan 2008There are lingering questions regarding the association between maternal infection and preeclampsia. Systematic review and metaanalysis was conducted of observational... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
There are lingering questions regarding the association between maternal infection and preeclampsia. Systematic review and metaanalysis was conducted of observational studies that examined the relationship between maternal infection and preeclampsia. Forty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The risk of preeclampsia was increased in pregnant women with urinary tract infection (pooled odds ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.45-1.70) and periodontal disease (pooled odds ratio, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.43-2.18). There were no associations between preeclampsia and presence of antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, and cytomegalovirus, treated and nontreated HIV infection, and malaria. Individual studies did not find a relationship between herpes simplex virus type 2, bacterial vaginosis, and Mycoplasma hominis and preeclampsia. Urinary tract infection and periodontal disease during pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. More studies are required to verify this as well as to explore whether or not such relationships are causal and, if so, the mechanisms involved.
Topics: Comorbidity; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Periodontal Diseases; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy Outcome; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 18166297
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.07.040