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Free Radical Biology & Medicine Aug 2021Although myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) and its pathological consequences are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, cardioprotective... (Review)
Review
Systematic review and network analysis of microRNAs involved in cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and infarction: Involvement of redox signalling.
Although myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) and its pathological consequences are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, cardioprotective therapeutics are still not on the market. Oxidative stress, a major contributing factor to myocardial I/R, changes transcription of coding and non-coding RNAs, alters post-transcriptional modulations, and regulate protein function. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression can be altered by oxidative stress and microRNAs may also regulate cytoprotective mechanisms and exert cardioprotection againts I/R. Transcriptomic analysis of I/R and oxidative stress-induced alterations followed by microRNA-mRNA target interaction network analysis may reveal microRNAs and their mRNA targets that may play a role in cardioprotection and serve as microRNA therapeutics or novel molecular targets for further drug development. Here we provide a summary of a systematic literature review and in silico molecular network analysis to reveal important cardioprotective microRNAs and their molecular targets that may provide cardioprotection via regulation of redox signalling.
Topics: Humans; Infarction; MicroRNAs; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Oxidation-Reduction; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 33965565
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.034 -
Acta Ophthalmologica Feb 2022To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the levels of oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in dry eye disease (DED) compared with healthy subject. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the levels of oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in dry eye disease (DED) compared with healthy subject.
METHOD
The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases were searched on 10 January 2021 for studies reporting oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in DED and healthy controls. Main meta-analysis was stratified by type of biomarkers, type of samples (tears, conjunctival cells or biopsies), Sjögren's syndrome (SS) (patients with or without SS) and by geographical zones (Asia or Europe).
RESULTS
We included nine articles, for a total of 333 patients (628 eye samples) with DED and 165 healthy controls (451 eye samples). There is an overall increase in oxidative stress markers in DED compared with healthy controls (standard mean deviation = 2.39, 95% confidence interval 1.85-2.94), with a significant increase in lipid peroxide (1.90, 0.69-3.11), myeloperoxidase (2.17, 1.06-3.28), nitric oxide synthase 3 (2.52, 0.95-4.08), xanthine oxidase/oxidoreductase (2.41, 1.40-5.43), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) (4.75, 1.67-7.84), malondialdehyde (3.00, 2.55-3.45) and reactive oxygen species (1.31, 0.94-1.68). Oxidative stress markers were higher in tears, conjunctival cells and conjunctival biopsies of DED than controls. Even if small number of studies were included for antioxidants, catalase seemed to be decreased in DED compared with healthy controls (-2.17, -3.00 to -1.34), with an increase of antioxidants in tears of DED patients without SS (1.13, 0.76-1.49).
CONCLUSION
Oxidative stress markers, and probably antioxidants, were dysregulated in DED, establishing a local oxidative environment in tears, conjunctival cells and tissues.
Topics: Biomarkers; Dry Eye Syndromes; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 33938134
DOI: 10.1111/aos.14892 -
Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine Oct 2021: No pharmacologic treatment that targets the pathophysiologic alterations of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has proven effective. Previous studies have... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
: No pharmacologic treatment that targets the pathophysiologic alterations of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has proven effective. Previous studies have revealed overactive oxidative stress as a potential therapeutic target. Thus we conducted this systematic review to assess the efficacyof antioxidant therapy on the clinical outcomes of ARDS patients.: We retrieved clinical trials from electronic databases. Articles and conference abstracts about antioxidant therapies for patients with ARDS were identified in which the overall effect of each antioxidant therapy on the mortality of ARDS patients was summarized.: We identified 18 relevant studies that met the inclusion criteria, including 899 patients in the experimental group and 870 patients in the control group. The pooled results indicated that most antioxidant therapies could not improve all-cause mortality and might even be harmful in ARDS patients at low risk of death.: Unclassified patients could not benefit from the antioxidant therapies, and thus discretion must be exercised when using these therapies. ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; ICU: Intensive care unit; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; RNS: Reactive nitrogen species; RR: Relative risk; CI: Confidence interval; OTC: L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid; EPA: Eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid; GLA: Gamma-linolenic acid; NA: Not applicable; PaO/FiO ratio: The ratio of partial pressure arterial oxygen and fraction of inspired oxygen; ALI: Acute lung injury.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Acute Lung Injury; Antioxidants; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Respiratory Distress Syndrome
PubMed: 33928830
DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1924681 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2021Patients receiving orthopedic implants are at risk of implant-associated infections (IAI). A growing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria threaten to hamper the...
Patients receiving orthopedic implants are at risk of implant-associated infections (IAI). A growing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria threaten to hamper the treatment of IAI. The focus has, therefore, shifted towards the development of implants with intrinsic antibacterial activity to prevent the occurrence of infection. The use of Ag, Cu, and Zn has gained momentum as these elements display strong antibacterial behavior and target a wide spectrum of bacteria. In order to incorporate these elements into the surface of titanium-based bone implants, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) has been widely investigated as a single-step process that can biofunctionalize these (highly porous) implant surfaces. Here, we present a systematic review of the studies published between 2009 until 2020 on the biomaterial properties, antibacterial behavior, and biocompatibility of titanium implants biofunctionalized by PEO using Ag, Cu, and Zn. We observed that 100% of surfaces bearing Ag (Ag-surfaces), 93% of surfaces bearing Cu (Cu-surfaces), 73% of surfaces bearing Zn (Zn-surfaces), and 100% of surfaces combining Ag, Cu, and Zn resulted in a significant (i.e., >50%) reduction of bacterial load, while 13% of Ag-surfaces, 10% of Cu-surfaces, and none of Zn or combined Ag, Cu, and Zn surfaces reported cytotoxicity against osteoblasts, stem cells, and immune cells. A majority of the studies investigated the antibacterial activity against . Important areas for future research include the biofunctionalization of additively manufactured porous implants and surfaces combining Ag, Cu, and Zn. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of such implants should be determined in assays focused on prevention, rather than the treatment of IAIs. These implants should be tested using appropriate in vivo bone infection models capable of assessing whether titanium implants biofunctionalized by PEO with Ag, Cu, and Zn can contribute to protect patients against IAI.
Topics: Copper; Humans; Osteoblasts; Oxidation-Reduction; Porosity; Prostheses and Implants; Silver; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Stem Cells; Titanium; Zinc
PubMed: 33917615
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073800 -
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine... Jul 2021The poor biological performance of zirconium implants in the human body resulting from their bio-inertness and vulnerability to corrosion and bacterial activity reflects...
BACKGROUND
The poor biological performance of zirconium implants in the human body resulting from their bio-inertness and vulnerability to corrosion and bacterial activity reflects the need for further studies on substitution or performing the surface modification. The suggestion of employing zirconia (ZrO) bioceramic coatings for surface modification seems beneficial.
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review aims to identify and summarize existing documents reporting the biological responses for ZrO coatings produced by the PEO process on zirconium implants.
METHODS
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science international databases were searched for the original and English-language studies published between 2000 and 2021. All publications reported at least one study about in-vitro (cellular and immersion studies), in-vivo (animal studies), and antibacterial topics for ZrO-PEO coated zirconium implants.
RESULTS
Throughout the initial search, 496 publications were found, and 296 papers remained following the elimination of duplicates. Finally, after multiple screening and eligibility assessments, 25 publications were qualified and included in the review. Among them, 25 in-vitro (cellular and immersion in SBF and Hanks' solutions studies), one in-vivo (animal studies), and eight antibacterial studies were found.
CONCLUSION
The ZrO coated samples demonstrate no cytotoxicity, high cell viability rate, and excellent biocompatibility. However, changing the solution composition and electrical parameters during the PEO procedures result in significant changes to in-vitro responses. As an instance, the ZrO coating surface demonstrates greater biocompatibility after irradiated by UV, which makes the surface more suitable for cell growth. Due to weak apatite-forming ability, the zirconium sample shows low bioactivity in SBF. However, most cases (13 out of 16) show that the specific morphology and chemical composition of the ZrO coating promote apatite-forming ability with good bioactivity in SBF. Nevertheless, few papers (three out of 16) showed that the ZrO coatings immersed in SBF had no apatite precipitates and so no bioactivity. These cases limit the bioactivity enhancement to treatment by UV-light irradiation, hydrothermal and chemical treatment, thermal evaporation, and cathodic polarization post-treatment on ZrO coatings. Both zirconium and ZrO coated samples do not show apatite-forming ability in Hanks' solution. The ZrO coated implant with the bone together indicates a greater shear strength and rapid new bone formation ability during 12 weeks because of containing Ca-P compounds and porous structure. The UV post-treated ZrO coating induces faster new bone formation and firmer connection of bond with bone than those of untreated ZrO coatings. A stronger antibacterial activity of ZrO coatings is confirmed in half of the selected papers (four out of eight studies) compared to the bare zirconium samples. The antibacterial protection of ZrO coatings can be influenced by the PEO procedure variables, i.e., solution composition, electrical parameters, and treatment time. In three cases, the antibacterial activity of ZrO coatings is enhanced by deposition of Zn, Ag, or Cu antibacterial layers through thermal evaporation post-treatment.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Cell Survival; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Electrochemical Techniques; Humans; Materials Testing; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxidation-Reduction; Zirconium
PubMed: 33831798
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126756 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2022The chemical structure of unsaturated fatty acids makes them highly prone to oxidation, which decreases their nutritional properties. Nanocarriers have the ability to...
The chemical structure of unsaturated fatty acids makes them highly prone to oxidation, which decreases their nutritional properties. Nanocarriers have the ability to protect unstable nutraceuticals and take them to their specific targets. Thus, the aim is to determine the effectiveness of nanoencapsulation of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids as protection against oxidation, as well as to apply data-mining approach to identify nanoencapsulation profiles. Three databases were used to search for studies focused on comparing omega-3 encapsulation to the active compound in its raw form. Studies without oxidation test or no use omega 3-rich oil as active ingredient in nanoformulations were excluded. Twenty-three studies were included in the systematic review. The qualitative analysis indicated that the main evaluated parameters were encapsulation efficiency (%), physical-chemical parameters and oxidation (analyzed at different storage temperatures), oil type, and whether the formulation was added to food. With regard to quantitative analysis, studies that did not perform oxidation tests focused on comparing free oil to the encapsulated one were excluded. Data-mining indicated that encapsulation efficiency and particle size were the main characteristic defining nanocarrier's effectiveness in protecting the oil against oxidation. Nevertheless, it is important to note the main characteristics associated with oil protection in nanocarriers.
Topics: Data Mining; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 33506691
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1874870 -
Water Research Mar 2021Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) represents a promising technology for wastewater nitrogen removal. Organics management is critical to achieving efficient and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) represents a promising technology for wastewater nitrogen removal. Organics management is critical to achieving efficient and stable performance of anammox or integrated processes, e.g., denitratation-anammox. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize the state-of-the-art knowledge on the multifaceted impacts of organics on wastewater anammox community structure and function. Both exogenous and endogenous organics are discussed with respect to their effects on the biofilm/granule structure and function, as well as the interactions between anammox bacteria (AnAOB) and a broad range of coexisting functional groups. A global core community consisting of 19 taxa is identified and a co-occurrence network is constructed by meta-analysis on the 16S rDNA sequences of 149 wastewater anammox samples. Correlations between core taxa, keystone taxa, and environmental factors, including COD, nitrogen loading rate (NLR) and C/N ratio are obtained. This review provides a holistic understanding of the microbial responses to different origins and types of organics in wastewater anammox reactors, which will facilitate the design and operation of more efficient anammox-based wastewater nitrogen removal process.
Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Anaerobiosis; Bioreactors; Denitrification; Nitrogen; Oxidation-Reduction; Wastewater
PubMed: 33461083
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116817 -
Translational Psychiatry Jan 2021There is increasing awareness that oxidative stress may be implicated in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we aimed to investigate blood... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
There is increasing awareness that oxidative stress may be implicated in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we aimed to investigate blood oxidative stress marker profile in ASD children by a meta-analysis. Two independent investigators systematically searched Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library and extracted data from 87 studies with 4928 ASD children and 4181 healthy control (HC) children. The meta-analysis showed that blood concentrations of oxidative glutathione (GSSG), malondialdehyde, homocysteine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, nitric oxide, and copper were higher in children with ASD than that of HC children. In contrast, blood reduced glutathione (GSH), total glutathione (tGSH), GSH/GSSG, tGSH/GSSG, methionine, cysteine, vitamin B9, vitamin D, vitamin B12, vitamin E, S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine, and calcium concentrations were significantly reduced in children with ASD relative to HC children. However, there were no significance differences between ASD children and HC children for the other 17 potential markers. Heterogeneities among studies were found for most markers, and meta-regressions indicated that age and publication year may influence the meta-analysis results. These results therefore clarified blood oxidative stress profile in children with ASD, strengthening clinical evidence of increased oxidative stress implicating in pathogenesis of ASD. Additionally, given the consistent and large effective size, glutathione metabolism biomarkers have the potential to inform early diagnosis of ASD.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Biomarkers; Child; Glutathione; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 33414386
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01135-3 -
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science... Jan 2021To improve the quality of meat products is a constant focus for both the meat industry and scientists. As major components in meat protein, the gelation properties of...
To improve the quality of meat products is a constant focus for both the meat industry and scientists. As major components in meat protein, the gelation properties of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) predominantly determine the sensory quality and product yield of the final product. Naturally or artificially occurring covalent modifications are known to largely affect MP functionality by changing the protein structure and forming aggregates, leading to both favorable and unfavorable outcomes. The review aims to summarize the mechanisms associated with several covalent modifications and the recent developments in enhancing MP gelation properties. Various extrinsic and intrinsic parameters controlling oxidation, phenolic-protein interactions, enzyme catalysis, glycation, and isoelectric solubilization/precipitation, and their effects on the characteristics of heat-induced MP gels are discussed. This article provides an improved understanding of the covalent modifications that occur mainly in the MP system and how they can be utilized to promote its gelation properties. Covalent modifications exhibited dose-dependent and dual-role manners for MP gelation properties. Mild oxidation, enzyme catalysis, and isoelectric solubilization/precipitation treatment would be beneficial to form more aligned and cross-linked three-dimensional networks for MP gels because of moderate protein aggregation. However, an excessive aggregate impedes the MP gelation behavior, leading to reduced gelation quality. Glycation effectively increased hydrophilicity of MPs and phenolic conjugation provides MPs with novel bioactivity. A proper utilization of such a process or even a rational combination of them allowed us to enhance the gelation properties of MP with assorted appreciated functionalities and further improve the quality of meat products.
Topics: Gels; Meat; Meat Products; Muscle Proteins; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 33340260
DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12684 -
Cytokine Feb 2021Zinc (Zn) is a trace metal that is considered to have an impact on chronic inflammation. However, findings of clinical trials have been inconsistent. The present... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Zinc supplementation is associated with a reduction in serum markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
BACKGROUND
Zinc (Zn) is a trace metal that is considered to have an impact on chronic inflammation. However, findings of clinical trials have been inconsistent. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a more robust examination of the evidence on the effectiveness of Zn supplements on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress.
METHODS
A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library was undertaken to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the impact of Zn on inflammation and oxidative stress until 17 August 2020. We applied a random-effects method to obtain effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-regression was used to detect the potential source of between-study heterogeneity.
RESULTS
Twenty-one eligible RCTs comprising 1321 participants were included in the meta-analysis. In comparison with the control groups, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (ES = -0.92 mg/L, 95% CI = [-1.36, -0.48], P < 0.001, I = 90.2%), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (ES = -0.49 pg/mL, 95% CI = [-084, -0.14], P = 0.006, I = 34.6%) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (ES = -0.42, 95% CI = [-083, -0.01], P = 0.04, I = 76.1%) were significantly reduced in the groups receiving Zn. Serum interleukin 6 (ES = -1.02 pg/mL, 95% CI = [-2.06, 0.02], P = 0.05, I = 92.3%) was marginally reduced following Zn supplementation. Moreover, treatment duration was found as the source of inter-study heterogeneity.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis suggests that Zn supplements reduce serum concentrations of markers of inflammation and oxidation: CRP, TNF-α and MDA.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Inflammation; Malondialdehyde; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult; Zinc
PubMed: 33333394
DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155396